Some slides are taken from different textbooks of medicine like Davidson, Kumar and Clark and Oxford, and some from other presentations made by respected tutors. These resources are free for use, and I do not claim any copyright. Hoping knowledge remains free for all, forever.

1. PRESENTING PROBLEMS IN
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
CHEST PAIN ON EXERTION

2. CHEST PAIN ON EFFORT IS THE HALLMARK OF ANGINA
PECTORIS

3. MOST IMPORTANT FEATURES
•Reproducibility
•Predictability
•Relationship to physical exertion

4. NEW YORK HEART ASSOCIATION (NYHA)
FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION

5. TYPICAL ISCHEMIC CARDIAC PAIN. CHARACTERISTIC HAND
GESTURES USED TO DESCRIBE CARDIAC PAIN. TYPICAL RADIATION OF PAIN IS SHOWN
IN THE SCHEMATIC.

6. RADIATION

7. AUTONOMIC FEATURES

8. HISTORY
• Risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as
xanthoma or xanthelasma indicating
hyperlipidaemia
• Signs of anaemia or thyrotoxicosis may be
identified, both of which can exacerbate angina