Uci training guide-for-road-commissaires road

ROAD CYCLING EVENTS
TRAINING GUIDE FOR COMMISSAIRES
2020
INCLUDING EDITS UP TO APRIL 2020

2
SPORTS DEPARTEMENT - JUNE 2020
TRAINING GUIDE FOR ROAD COMMISSAIRES - 2020
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 STRUCTURES 4
1.1. THE STRUCTURE OF THE UCI 5
1.2. NATIONAL FEDERATIONS 12
1.3. CONTINENTAL CONFEDERATIONS 13
CHAPTER 2 COMMISSAIRES 14
2.1. THE IMPORTANCE OF COMMISSAIRES 15
2.2. THE TRAINING OF COMMISSAIRES 19
2.3. THE SPECIALISATION OF COMMISSAIRES 21
2.4. THE CAREER OF A COMMISSAIRE 23
2.5. UCI TOOLS FOR COMMISSAIRES 24
2.6. CODE OF CONDUCT 26
2.7. CODE OF ETHIC 27
CHAPTER 3 REGULATIONS 28
3.1. UCI REGULATIONS 29
3.2. NATIONAL FEDERATION REGULATIONS 33
3.3. SPECIAL REGULATIONS FOR AN EVENT 34
CHAPTER 4 ROAD CYCLING EVENTS 35
4.1. THE VARIOUS PLAYERS: ROLES AND INTERACTIONS 36
4.2. THE COMMISSAIRE’S DUTIES BEFORE THE RACE 46
4.3. DURING THE RACE 57
4.4. AFTER THE RACE 182
CHAPTER 5 MOTORBIKE COMMISSAIRE 192
CHAPTER 6 FINISH JUDGE 201
6.1. BEFORE AND DURING THE RACE 202
6.2. AT THE FINISH 207
CHAPTER 7 TIMEKEEPING 213
7.1. THE TIMEKEEPER 214
7.2. THE TIMING SERVICE PROVIDER 226
CHAPTER 7 bis SUPPORT COMMISSAIRE 232

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CHAPTER 8 EQUIPMENT AND CLOTHING 233
8.1. EQUIPMENT 234
8.2. IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS 249
8.3. RIDERS’ CLOTHING 252
CHAPTER 9 ANTI-DOPING 258
CHAPTER 10 ENVIRONMENT 263
10.1. THE RECYCLING GUIDE 264
10.2. PREPARATION FOR THE EVENT 265
10.3. DURING THE EVENT 266
CHAPTER 11 MANAGEMENT AND RELATIONSHIP SKILLS 268
11.1. THE THREE CATEGORIES OF SKILLS 269
11.2. SPEAKING AND INTERVENTIONS BY THE COMMISSAIRE 272
11.3. RESPONDING TO AN INTERVIEW 274
11.4. MANAGEMENT OF THE COMMISSAIRES’ TEAM 275
CHAPTER 12 GLOSSARY 276

CHAPTER 1
STRUCTURES
© Graham Watson

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CH 1 - STRUCTURES
1.1. THE STRUCTURE OF THE UCI
1.1.1.
GENERAL OPERATION
GENERAL POINTS
It is of primary importance for future Elite National and in-
ternational Commissaires to have a good knowledge of the
UCI and its missions. In fact, in the eyes of the athletes, or-
ganisers and authorities, Commissaires partially represent
the UCI when carrying out their functions.
Union Cycliste Internationale (International Cycling Union)
is the international federation of cycling recognised by the
International Olympic Committee. Established in Paris in
1900, the UCI now has its headquarters at the World Cycling
Centre in Aigle, Switzerland.
UCI
USA CYCLING,
ETC.
CYCLING
FEDERATION
OF INDIA, ETC.
FRENCH CYCLING
FEDERATION,
ETC.
CYCLING
AUSTRALIA,
ETC.
CYCLING
SOUTH AFRICA,
ETC.
PANAMERICAN
CYCLING
CONFEDERATION
ASIAN CYCLING
CONFEDERATION
EUROPEAN CY-
CLING
CONFEDERATION
OCEANIAN CY-
CLING
CONFEDERATION
AFRICAN CYCLING
CONFEDERATION
NATIONAL
FEDERATIONS
CONTINENTAL
CONFEDERATIONS
INTERNATIONAL
FEDERATION
Diagram. Structures from international to national level

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CH 1 - STRUCTURES
The UCI coordinates and develops eight cycling disciplines (road, track, cyclo cross, mountain bike, BMX Racing, BMX
Freestyle, trials and indoor) on all five continents. Para-cycling is no longer considered a discipline, but rather a speciali-
sation within the road and track disciplines.
The UCI’s mission is to develop and promote cycling, in close collaboration with the National federations (NF), as a com-
petitive sport with its associated values (effort, achievement and fair play), as a recreational activity that is good for health
and also as an environmentally-friendly means of transport.
In order to carry out its mission, the UCI is supported by its administrative service, which, while respecting the values as-
sociated with the heritage of cycling:
• offers its skills and services to the NFs and other organisations in the cycling movement,
• supports education and development activities,
• responds to the needs of cyclists through innovative, concrete initiatives,
• represents cycling on sports and public bodies,
• regulates the sport of cycling,
• organises the World Championships, World Cups and cycling events of the Olympic Games.
IDENTITY
52
23
475
57
10
202
AMERICA
AFRICA
ASIAEUROPE
OCEANIA
2019 NUMBER OF ROAD EVENTS FOR MEN AND WOMEN
OF ALL CLASSES AND CATEGORIES*
* Only conﬁrmed events are considered
(events initially registered but then cancelled for ﬁnancial or other reasons are not included).
Map. Number of UCI road events on the five continents in 2019.
CONSTITUTION, CHAPTER I – ARTICLE 1
• The International Cycling Union (UCI) is the association of national cycling federations.
• The UCI is a non-governmental international association with a non-profit-making purpose of international
interest.

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CH 1 - STRUCTURES
MISSIONS
SPECIFICALLY, THE UCI:
• sets the dates of races on the international calendar,
• establishes the regulations for the disciplines of cycling,
• organises educational programmes,
• fights against doping.
THE PRINCIPLES OF RESPECT (CONSTITUTION, CHAPTER I – ARTICLE 3)
• Equality between all members, athletes, licence holders and officials, without any discrimination.
• Non-interference in the internal affairs of federations.
• Respect of the Olympic Charter for cyclists participating in the Olympic Games.
MEMBERS (CONSTITUTION, CHAPTER II – ARTICLES 4 TO 22)
• The members of the UCI shall be the National federations (NF) of cycling accepted by the Congress as being
the representative organisation for cycling in general in the country of each NF.
• Only one federation per country is admitted.
• The UCI Regulations shall be incorporated in the corresponding regulations of the federations.
• The constitutions and regulations of the federations must not contradict those of the UCI. In the event of dis-
crepancy, solely the Constitution and Regulations of the UCI shall apply. The constitutions and regulations of
the federations must contain an express clause that, in the event of divergence with the UCI Constitution or
Regulations, solely the latter shall apply.
CONSTITUTION, CHAPTER I – ARTICLE 2
• to direct, develop, regulate, control and discipline
cycling under all forms worldwide,
• to promote cycling in all the countries of the world
and at all levels,
•to organise, for all cycling sport disciplines, world
championshipsofwhichitisthesoleholderandowner,
• to encourage friendship between all members of
the cycling world,
• to promote sportsmanship and fair play,
• to represent the sport of cycling and defend its inte-
rests before the International Olympic Committee,
the International Paralympic Committee and all na-
tional and international authorities,
• to cooperate with the International Olympic Com-
mittee, the International Paralympic Committee in
particular as regards the participation of cyclists in
the Olympic and Paralympic Games,
• to promote gender-parity and equity in all aspects
of cycling.

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CH 1 - STRUCTURES
OFFICIAL LANGUAGES (CONSTITUTION, CHAPTER XIV – ARTICLE 79)
• The official languages of the UCI are French and English.
• The Constitution, Regulations and minutes, as well as all
documents submitted to the Congress, shall be drawn
up in French and English.
• All documents or letters sent to the UCI must be drafted
in French or English.
SYMBOLS (CONSTITUTION, CHAPTER XV – ARTICLE 80)
The flag, the colours arranged thereon, the logo and its
reproduction, as well as the name “International Cycling
Union” and the abbreviation “UCI” are the property of the
International Cycling Union and may not be used without
its consent.
COMPETENT COURTS (CONSTITUTION, CHAPTER XVI)
• The UCI Regulations established by the Management
Committee, and in particular the anti-doping rules,
may be subject to an appeal to the Court of Arbitration
for Sport in Lausanne, Switzerland.
• The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) is solely compe-
tent to hear and rule on appeals:
- against sporting, disciplinary and administra-
tive decisions taken in accordance with the UCI
Regulations,
- between UCI bodies, including Continental
Confederations, and disputes between federa-
tions.
• The Court of Arbitration for Sport is the court of last ins-
tance. Its rulings are final.
• Proceedings before the Court of Arbitration for Sport are
governed by UCI Regulations and, for the rest, by the
Code of Arbitration for Sport.

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CH 1 - STRUCTURES
PRESIDENT
CADF
CYCLING ANTI-DOPING
FOUNDATION
WCC
WORLD CYCLING CENTRE
SPORT TECHNICAL
EVENT
MARKETING ADMINISTRATION SERVICES
COMMISSIONS
Independent entities
DIRECTOR GENERAL
CONGRESS
MANAGEMENT
COMMITTEE
EXECUTIVE BOARD
Diagram. General organisation of the UCI
1.1.2.
GENERAL ORGANISATION OF THE UCI
1.1.3.
MAIN BODIES
UCI CONGRESS
• This is the supreme body of control.
• The representatives of accredited national federations attend the
Congress each year.
• The Congress elects the Management Committee, to which it delegates res-
ponsibility for managing the UCI.
ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICE
• This is the operational body. It comprises individuals who are profes-
sionals in their sphere and former elite sportspeople. The Administrative
Service is responsible for all operational tasks arising from Management
Committee decisions.
MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE
• This is the decision-making body. Comprising 18 members, the Manage-
ment Committee assumes a wide range of rights and responsibilities in or-
der to undertake, without delay, any action required as a result of events or
for the development of the UCI and the sporting disciplines.
• The Management Committee sets up commissions, as it considers necessa-
ry, for the proper operation of the UCI. The Management Committee defines
the areas in which the Commissions work, decides how they operate and
appoints Commission members.
Section regarding CADF to be
updated
This is rather complicated. We need
to get this book published this year,
for the purposes of people doing the
IC and ENC courses. If we put this
out in June or July, then CADF is still
the body. And they are the body until
January 1. So we should leave CADF
in for now as that is the structure. Of
course, this means that we will need
to update it again in January. But I
think we would need to anyway as I
am not sure all the details around ITA
are clear in terms of other information
in this guide. For now I would propose
we leave CADF in.

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CH 1 - STRUCTURES
PRESIDENT
DIRECTOR GENERAL
• Chairs the UCI Congress, Management Committee and Executive Board.
Represents the UCI on all occasions. The President also represents the UCI in
legal cases, whether as the plaintiff or defendant.
• Appointed by the UCI President. The Director General is responsible for draf-
ting the minutes of the Congress and the meetings of the Management
Committee and Executive Board. The Director General keeps the Constitution
and Regulations up to date and oversees the production and distribution of
publications. The Director General is responsible for the operation of UCI
headquarters and its employees.
1.1.4.
KEY FUNCTIONS
1.1.5.
SPORT AND TECHNICAL DEPARTMENT
The Sport and Technical Department is the UCI department that manages the sporting organisation of cycling at a
global level.
The department represents the direct link between:
• the organisers of cycling events and the UCI,
• the national federations and the UCI,
• the teams/riders and the UCI.
SPORT TECHNICAL DEPARTMENT
ORGANISERS OF CYCLING
EVENTS
NATIONAL FEDERATIONS
TEAMS/RIDERS
Diagram. The role of the UCI Sport and Technical Department

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CH 1 - STRUCTURES
The Sport and Technical Department occupies a pivotal position at several levels:
• at administrative level through the registration of teams and events on the UCI calendar,
• at sporting level with the organisation of the World Championships for all disciplines,
• at an economic level with regards to financial obligations,
• at regulatory level, with the reconciliation of the sporting regulations with the development of cycle sport,
• at the level of refereeing events, with the training of Elite National and International Commissaires as well as
their appointment to events,
• at the level of development, concerning individuals involved on the ground, overseeing the development of
the disciplines and competitions over a period of time and all around the world.
REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE
• The UCI’s main missions and values.
• The UCI Regulations must be incorporated into national federation regulations.
• The UCI has two official languages.
• The location of UCI headquarters.
• Responsibility for training and appointing Commissaires.
• The UCI logo and its ownership.

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CH 1 - STRUCTURES
1.2. NATIONAL FEDERATIONS
STRUCTURES AND DUTIES
Commissaires must be aware of and understand their national federation’s structure.
There is no standard structure for a national federation (NF). NFs are a product of each country’s laws and arrangements
and are thus organised in a different manner.
Nevertheless, NFs affiliated to the UCI all have the duty to act in accordance with the UCI’s Constitution, Regulations
and values.
This means that Commissaires play an important role as they are conversant with the UCI Regulations. They participate
in the development of cycling in their country by means of regular cooperation with teams, organisers and Commissaires
from other nations and/or cultures. Commissaries’ observations and experiences are key elements in harmonising the
practices and values of cycling around the world.
Federations must conduct their internal affairs independently and ensure that no third parties become involved in their
functioning. They must preserve their autonomy and resist any political, religious or economic pressures that may under-
mine their commitment to conform to the UCI Constitution.
AFFILIATION OF A FEDERATION TO THE UCI
A request for affiliation is examined by the UCI Management Committee. Before being submitted to Congress, the
Management Committee may request further information from the candidate federation or indicate amendments that
should be made to its structures or rules to ensure compliance with the UCI’s rules and principles.
THE OBLIGATIONS OF NATIONAL FEDERATIONS
Federations shall make every effort to allow individuals who are members of other federations to participate in interna-
tional cycling activities organised in their country.
Any infringements of the obligations incumbent upon a federation by virtue of the UCI Constitution or Regulations shall
be penalised by a fine of CHF 300.00 to 10,000.00, to be established by the Management Committee.
Each federation pays an annual subscription. The amount of the annual subscription is set by the Congress upon the
proposal of the Management Committee.
REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE
• Description of the organisation of the national federation of their country.
• Description of the operation of the national federation of their country.
• Explanation of how the Commissaires of their country are instructed and appointed.

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CH 1 - STRUCTURES
1.3. CONTINENTAL CONFEDERATIONS
(CONSTITUTION, CHAPTER III – ARTICLES 24 TO 27)
Federations from the same continent are grouped together in a Continental Confederation, an administrative organisa-
tion that forms an integral part of the UCI. Each federation is a member of the Confederation of the continent in which
its national capital is located
There are five Continental Confederations:
MISSION
The Continental Confederations are responsible for the development of cycling on their respective continents and keep
the UCI informed of any problems relating to cycling in their region.
The Continental Confederations submit proposals to the UCI Management Committee for activities that could be orga-
nised at continental level, in particular with respect to:
• drawing up the continental calendar of cycling events,
• the organisation and planning of training courses for Commissaires and technicians,
• the organisation of Continental Championships and Regional Games.
Diagram. Continental Confederations
AFRICA AMERICA ASIA EUROPE OCEANIA
REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE
• Familiarity with the Continental Confederations.
• Awareness of the issues concerning the continental calendar of events.

CHAPTER 2
COMMISSAIRES
© Graham Watson

CH 2 - COMMISSAIRETRAINING GUIDE FOR ROAD COMMISSAIRES - 2020
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2.1. THE IMPORTANCE OF COMMISSAIRES
When a person decides to become a Commissaire it is as
a result of his or her passion for the sport, in a similar way
to others actively involved in cycling. It is a way of making
an active contribution to the promotion of events. Interna-
tional appointments take a Commissaire around the world
and there are often opportunities to meet new people and
discover other cultures, with cycling as the common refe-
rence point.
Commissaires need a wide range of qualities and skills if
they are to successfully carry out all their functions during
an event. Called upon to officiate in an impartial manner
in difficult situations, a Commissaire, as a representative of
the UCI, must demonstrate technical competence and a
sense of responsibility and diplomacy while communica-
ting unambiguously to the numerous parties involved.
The UCI Regulations partially explain Commissaires’ rights
and obligations. However, this chapter, going beyond the
regulations, will attempt to list a Commissaire’s responsibi-
lities before, during and after an event to which he or she
is appointed.
AN EXPERT REFEREE
Most Commissaires carry out their duties in parallel to pursuing careers in other professions. The work of a Commissaire
is not a paid professional activity. Despite this, everyone involved in cycling expects Commissaires to behave in a highly
professional manner.
Commissaires are thus not only volunteers; they are experts, specifically appointed to events.
Commissaires referee and support the organisation of events, contribute to improving the quality of events and are par-
ticipating in the development of the cycling regulations.
The time they dedicate to their work as a Commissaire depends on several factors:
• availability,
• specialisation (president of the Commissaires’ panel, motorbike Commissaire, finish judge, etc.),
• the discipline or category of event in which they officiate.
A Commissaire’s role is often challenging because he or she has to work with a wide range of people (organisers, riders,
sports directors, journalists, service providers). All of these individuals have different, sometimes diverging, interests.
THE PREREQUISITES: TECHNICAL COMPETENCE
The first important technical competence is a comprehen-
sive knowledge of the UCI Regulations.
A Commissaire must be aware of what the Regula-
tions, as well as the good practice guides (cf. Organi-
ser’s Guide to Road Events, Timekeeper’s Guide and
TV Production Guide), impose and recommend for
organisers. This allows checks to be conducted and
feedback to be given through the evaluation report.

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The UCI Regulations allow the Commissaire to react to the behaviour of the competitors and their team staff in order to
guarantee that an event is conducted properly in ethical and sporting terms.
Other technical knowledge, dealt with in the following chapters, is gained by observing a wide range of events, engaging
in checks and taking advantage of teamwork among Commissaires.
THE PREREQUISITES: A SENSE OF RESPONSIBILITY
A sense of responsibility is a prerequisite even before an individual becomes involved in officiating: whether a Commis-
saire acts or does not act can change the sporting result of an event, affect the participants’ perceptions and change the
equilibrium between the various stakeholders.
The Commissaire must, among other things:
• check that the organiser has put in place all measures required to ensure the safety of everyone involved,
• intervene, if necessary, in order to maximise the safety of all parties involved in the race convoy,
• guarantee the smooth running of the event in sporting terms,
• ensure fair play,
• cooperate with other Commissaires in an optimum manner.
THE PREREQUISITES: DIPLOMACY AND COMMUNICATION
Commissaires are often called upon to act as mediators
between the various parties in cycling and, using their per-
sonal skills, must make decisions firmly and tactfully.
Even though these decisions are often final, a Commissaire
still has a duty of communication to the parties involved in
order to explain and support a decision to the individuals
concerned who sometimes lack knowledge of the regula-
tions or are unaware of the latest amendments.
Encouraging the acceptance of a decision or sanction is not
the objective, but it is essential to make sure that at least the
minimum information has been communicated.

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THE COMMISSAIRES’ PANEL
The Commissaires’ panel for a road event is made up of all
the Commissaires appointed by the UCI and the national
federation of the country in which the event is taking place.
The Commissaires’ panel comprises the following members:
PRESIDENT OF
• Responsible for the sporting management of the event.
•Contactpersonduringtheeventfororganisers,sportsmanagers,ridersforallissues
concerning the sporting results, regularity and respect of the UCI Regulations.
In the case of the media, communication is through the official channel of
the published communiqué.
• Facilitator and coordinator of the other members of the Commissaires’ team.
FINISH JUDGE
• Responsible for drawing up intermediate and finish line results.
• Responsible for checking all results before their communication.
COMMISSAIRES
• Carry out checks on all issues that may influence the sporting result, before,
during and after the event.
• Assist the president of the Commissaires’ panel in the sporting manage-
ment of the event on the ground and in reaching decisions on sanctions.
MOTORBIKE COMMISSAIRES
• Very useful auxiliary Commissaires whose mobility means that they can exer-
cise control over the whole race convoy.
• Ensures that the rules are respected on vehicle movements and the provi-
sion of assistance to the riders.
TIMEKEEPERS
• These officials calculate the time schedules and measure race neutralisa-
tions during the race.
• At the finish line, in collaboration with the timing service provider, timekee-
pers allocate times, check additions and calculate general classifications, ta-
king into account bonuses and penalties.
ASSISTANT OR
ADDITIONAL COMMISSAIRES
• Carry out a range of different duties (broom wagon, neutral service, fixed
positions, etc.) and report race incidents to the president of the Commis-
saires’ panel.
• In contrast to the main Commissaires for the event, they do not have the
authority to direct the event or impose sanctions.
Diagram. Members of the Commissaires’ panel

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TEAM SPIRIT AND MANAGEMENT
The president of the Commissaires’ panel (PCP), appointed by
the UCI, cannot carry out his or her mission alone. The PCP re-
lies on the work of the other members of the panel and must
take decisions in a collegial manner.
Given these circumstances, the PCP acts as a manager. In
this respect he or she must:
• check that the resources available to the members of the
Commissaires’ panel are appropriate to their missions,
• check, if necessary, that the work conducted by the
Commissaires is of good quality,
• ensure that there is good co-operation within the Panel.
In the event of any problems, the PCP ensures that these
three principles are applied.
The PCP makes use of professional management techniques (chapter 11). The PCP is the team leader and must demons-
trate a strong sense of team spirit. The Panel must have a sense of solidarity, even if internal discussions are not only
possible but necessary in the event of a divergence of opinions among members.
REPRESENTING THE UCI
The main Commissaires of an event are appointed by the UCI and are the official representatives of the UCI during the
race. A Commissaire must interpret and apply the regulations firmly and with common sense.
Commissaires represent the connection between the UCI and the sport on the ground.
The above arrangement must apply in all circumstances, even if there are political conflicts between the stakeholders of
cycling or different geographical entities.
A UCI Commissaire must remain impartial to allow the UCI Regulations to be properly applied. A Commissaire must not
advocate one party or another and must not deviate from the application of the UCI Regulations and standards
UCI COMMISSAIRES
•ORGANISER
•TEAMS
•RIDERS,etc.
THOSE INVOLVED
IN THE RACE
1 - appoints
3 - report to
2 - control
Diagram. The pivotal role of Commissaires between the UCI and those involved in the race
REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE
• The ability to explain the importance of the role of a Commissaire to a third party.
• Knowledge of what those involved in cycling expect from a UCI Commissaire.
• The president of the Commissaires’ panel role as a manager.
• Representing the UCI.

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2.2. THE TRAINING OF COMMISSAIRES
The UCI wishes to improve the quality of officiating at events all around the world. To this end the UCI emphasises the
education and support of all Commissaires.
The training of UCI Commissaires progresses regularly and observes the following principles:
TRAINING
OF UCI COMMISSAIRES
CONSISTENCY QUALITY
EQUALITY
OF OPPORTUNITY
UNIVERSALITY
Diagram. The principles of training Commissaires
CONSISTENCY
• The training of elite national Commissaires and international Commissaires
is standardised under the control of the UCI.
UNIVERSALITY
• The UCI has established training for elite national Commissaires,
with the contents corresponding to international standards.
EQUALITY
OF OPPORTUNITY • Standardised examinations all around the world.
QUALITY
• Continuous checks of Commissaires’ skill levels
by means of regular evaluations.

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UCI INTERNATIONAL COMMISSAIRE
The training of UCI international Commissaires is of such importance that it is specified in the UCI Regulations (ARTICLES
1.1.053 TO 1.1.061).
These articles concern:
• conditions of access,
• the training programme,
• oral and written theory examination,
• practical examination,
• eligibility,
• continuing training and seminars.
ELITE NATIONAL COMMISSAIRES
Training courses for this status were introduced on 1 January 2012. The following specifications are currently in place:
• Elite National Commissaire qualification is established for road, track, mountain bike and BMX Racing disci-
plines.
• The qualification of elite national Commissaire is only awarded by the UCI.
• The relevant courses are run by UCI instructors.
• Elite national Commissaires are appointed by their national federation (NF) to officiate in their own country.
• An elite national Commissaire can be a member of the Commissaires’ panel in national and international
events in his or her country. An elite national Commissaire may also carry out the role of president of the Com-
missaires’ panel at national events.
• Elite national Commissaires represent the elite within their country without necessarily aspiring to become
international Commissaires.
• National Elite training forms part of the prerequisites for access to international Commissaire courses.
• If an elite national Commissaire so desires, and after having officiated for at least two years in this position,
together with meeting the other qualification requirements, the NF may propose him or her as a candidate
for an international Commissaire course. This proposal may also come from the UCI if it considers that a Com-
missaire’s skills are particularly suited to becoming an international Commissaire.
NATIONAL AND REGIONAL
LEVEL
TRAINING BY
NATIONAL FEDERATIONS
•Regional Commissaires
•National Commissaires
TRAINING
BY THE UCI
•Elite national Commissaires (road,
track, MTB, and BMX racing)
•International Commissaires
INTERNATIONAL LEVEL
Diagram. The training of Commissaires at regional, national and international levels

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2.3. THE SPECIALISATION OF COMMISSAIRES
The specialisations of Commissaires entered into effect in 2014. It firstly involved separating the functions of International
Commissaire (IC) from those of Doping Control Officer (DCO).
At national level, federations can organise the management of Commissaires and Doping Control Officers in the man-
ner that best suits them. No separation or specialisation is required. Furthermore, with regards to elite national Commis-
saire status, national Commissaires can obtain this qualification in the disciplines of their choice. At national level, the UCI
encourages a diversity of knowledge and wide range of skills among Commissaires.
Conversely, at international level, the UCI needs genuine specialists in order to support the development of cycling.
Commissaires are becoming ever more professional and need an increasingly specialised framework as well as dedicated
monitoring and supervision.
CHOICE OF SPECIALISATION
In order to become an international Commissaire, individuals must select one of the base disciplines shown in the
Choice column of the diagram below. A Commissaire can then also choose an Option. With the exception of Trials
and Indoor Cycling, International Commissaires must specialise in one of the base disciplines in all cases – Road, Track,
Mountain Bike, or BMX Racing, the only disciplines for which elite national Commissaire courses are organised.
DIAGRAM. Specialisation choices available to international Commissaires
CHOICE OPTION 1
ROAD ELITE NATIONAL COMMISSAIRE
ROAD TRACK
ROAD CYCLO-CROSS
TRACK ELITE NATIONAL COMMISSAIRE TRACK ROAD
NATIONAL COMMISSAIRE CYCLO-CROSS ROAD or MTB
MTB ELITE NATIONAL COMMISSAIRE MTB CYCLO-CROSS or BMX
BMX ELITE NATIONAL COMMISSAIRE BMX MTB
NATIONAL COMMISSAIRE TRIALS
NATIONAL COMMISSAIRE INDOOR CYCLING
2 years
2 years
2 years
2 years
2 years
INTERNATIONAL
COMMISSAIRES SPECIALISATION
NO SPECIALISATION
ELITE NATIONAL
COMMISSAIRES
NO SPECIALISATION
NATIONAL
COMMISSAIRES
Diagram. Commissaires and specialisation
2 years
2 years

22
In line with the requirements of the various disciplines, and also in order to ease the transition from the previous arran-
gements, certain additional provisions apply to this diagram:
• Trials and Indoor Cycling IC: there are no National Elite courses for these two disciplines. Consequently, after
two years, a national federation may propose a National Commissaire for an international Commissaire course.
• The choice between the IC and DCO roles and the choice of IC discipline made in 2012 is not binding. Com-
missaires can put themselves forward for a re-evaluation examination if they wish to change direction.
For reference, an individual could previously officiate in up to six different disciplines: MTB, Road, Cyclo-cross, Track, Pa-
ra-cycling and Anti-doping.
REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE
• The definition of an elite national Commissaire: training, responsibilities, appointment.
• Conditions of access to international Commissaire training.
• Specialisations and options for international Commissaires.

23
2.4. THE CAREER OF AN INTERNATIONAL COMMISSAIRE
A Commissaire’s career does not stop progressing once he
or she has achieved UCI international Commissaire status.
An international Commissaire in fact has a wide range of
opportunities:
• officiating at the Olympic Games, UCI WorldTour events,
UCI World Championships,
• becoming a Commissaires Instructor within the UCI,
• becoming a technical delegate
• taking part in working groups that oversee the develop-
ment of cycling.
The experience of an international Commissaire can be utilised by a national federation (NF) with the IC participating in:
• drawing up training plans for national and regional Commissaires,
• disciplinary bodies.
However, some activities are not compatible with the role of Commissaire, including (ARTICLE 1.1.62 and 1.1.063):
• competing as a rider in a UCI-registered team,
• carrying out a technical function (team assistant, mechanic, paramedical assistant, sports manager, etc.) for a
NF or UCI-registered team,
• holding the post of President or Vice-President of a NF or Continental Confederation,
• being a member of the UCI Management Committee,
• being a member of the UCI staff.
The age limit for officiating as a UCI international Commissaire is 70 (ARTICLE 1.1.064).

24
2.5. UCI TOOLS FOR COMMISSAIRES
International Commissaires must familiarise themselves with the following UCI tools:
• the distribution of instructions by e-mail,
• the UCI website at www.uci.org,
• the Commissaires extranet,
• the UCI DataRide system.
INFORMATION BY E-MAIL
The UCI Commissaires Coordinator, as well as the Coordinators of the various disciplines and activities, send information,
travel instructions and other arrangements to international Commissaires by e-mail. If appropriate, this information can
also be sent to elite national Commissaires for training purposes and to ensure consistent application.
Generally speaking, this information should not be sent to third parties such as the media, teams and athletes. These
groups are informed by other UCI departments if necessary.
International Commissaires must inform the UCI of any change of address and in particular any amendment of their
e-mail address (a form is available on the Commissaires extranet for this purpose).
UCI WEBSITE
The UCI website at www.uci.org, is published in French and English and represents a source of information for all. In addi-
tion to keeping up to date with international news and UCI press releases, Commissaires use the website for the following
purposes:
• Calendar: checking the date and class of an event, clicking on the link to the event’s website.
• Teams: referring to the list of officially-registered riders and team members authorised to participate in events;
contact details.
• UCI Regulations: the latest version is always available on the UCI website.
• Checking event results and UCI rankings.
• Referring to the webpages dedicated to riders’ equipment: explanatory documents and training materials.
• Publications: training guides, organiser’s guides and documents, financial obligations.
• Access to the extranet from the Web services page.
COMMISSAIRES’ EXTRANET
An extranet is an extension of an enterprise’s communications network that allows authorised external individuals to
access specific information. An extranet platform has been set up for International Commissaires. The UCI provides Com-
missaires with a username and password upon request.
Among other things, the Commissaires’ extranet comprises:
• race report forms,
• entry forms,
• report form for penalties,
• the minutes of seminars,
• sample technical documents,
• contact details of Commissaires listed by specialisation,
• expenses form,
• details of compensation and reimbursement of travel expenses.

25
THE UCI DATARIDE SYSTEM
The UCI is in the process of rolling out its own internal data management system for the sport, known as UCI DataRide.
Increasing functionality will be added to the system over time through various modules.
All International Commissaires have been provided with a unique user ID and password for UCI DataRide.
The following modules are currently available to International Commissaires:
Commissaires can download the various rankings and lists of world and national champions, as well as world records, from
the UCI website. These lists can be exported in a spreadsheet, allowing for sorting, filtering and carrying out research.
Example: Drawing up the order of team vehicles for a WorldTour event using the most recently published UCI
WorldTour ranking.
Using an export of the database of the most recent UCI
WorldTour ranking, the president of the Commissaires’
panel can easily sort the data and identify each team’s top-
ranking rider in accordance with the list of starters.
RESULTS
• When International Commissaires log in to UCI DataRide, they see the events they have
been assigned to as PCP (they will also be able to see past events at which they acted as
PCP – going back to 2016 only).
• By clicking on the name of the event they will be able to see the classifications that are
part of the event, including all the stages for stage races.
• By agreement with the PCP, the Timing Company can upload the results at the com-
petition. The PCP will probably need to provide his user ID and password to the Timing
Company.
• If there is no Timing Company, or no agreement with it, or if the Timing Company does
not have access to UCI DataRide, the PCP uploads the results at the event. This must be
done without delay.
• Specific training guides have been provided on the Commissaires’ Extranet
• After the results of each event have been uploaded, the ranking is calculated by the UCI
DataRide system and displayed on the UCI website according to the timelines establi-
shed in the UCI Regulations.
• The results of all international competitions are displayed on the UCI website.
LICENSEES
• The International Commissaire, after logging in to UCI DataRide can also search for
individual license holders.
• This search can be performed using various filters:
- Country
- First Name
- Family Name
- Birth Date
- UCI ID
• This is a valuable tool for verifying if someone is currently licensed, the UCI ID or the
spelling of a name.
UCI WorldTour calendar men elite events
1. thecarsoftheteamsrepresentedatthesportsdirectors’meetingreferredtoinarticle1.2.087intheorder
of ranking of starting riders on the last UCI World men individual ranking (for UCI World Tour events)
2. the cars of the other teams represented at the meeting whose starting riders havenotyetearne-
dpointsin theUCIWorld men;
Extract from the UCI Regulations, Article 2.3.018
REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE
• The means of access, contents, and use of the UCI’s four tools:
- E-mail for distributing instructions.
- The UCI website at www.uci.org.
- The International Commissaires extranet.
- The UCI DataRide system

26
2.6. CODE OF CONDUCT
The code of conduct for international Commissaires is a public document that can be consulted on the UCI website as
well as the Commissaires’ Extranet. It states what is expected by the UCI and offers a certain amount of advice on beha-
viour.
Significant deviations from the Code of Conduct may lead the UCI to take measures against the Commissaire concerned,
up to suspension of the right to act as a Commissaire. (ARTICLE 1.1.066)
OBLIGATION OF IMPARTIALITY
The UCI Regulations refer to ethics by requiring Commissaires to maintain impartiality (ARTICLE 1.1.050). This article is
particularly important because it is sometimes difficult to apply in certain circumstances: Commissaires are often deeply
involved with their federation, organisers or local clubs. They may be appointed to officiate at events where there is a
conflict of interests with these bodies.
The UCI Regulations impart a duty on a Commissaire to withdraw as soon as he or she perceives a risk of an infringement of
impartiality. This withdrawal is a protective measure for the Commissaire: in the event of a conflict, even if the Commissaire
acted impartially, he or she may be suspected of not having done so and any decision made may be challenged.
IMAGE AND LANGUAGE
Other important points of the Code of Conduct concern dress, appearance, language used, use of social media, and
communicating with the media in general. Clearly an international Commissaire may be excused if he or she has not
mastered all the subtleties of the official jargon used in exchanges with the stakeholders in cycling. However, to the
contrary, it is not acceptable to use colloquialisms or irony or to jump to conclusions.
HUMAN
QUALITIES
AND
RELATIONSHIP
SKILLS
PSYCHOLOGY
FEELING
CHARISMA
AUTHORITY
SENSE OF
RESPONSIBILITY
SELF-RESPECT
RESPECT
FOR OTHERS
Diagram. Human qualities and relationship skills required by international Commissaires

27
2.7 CODE OF ETHICS
The Code of Ethics is applicable to most parties engaged in the sport of Cycling, including all Commissaires. It is a public
document that can be consulted on the UCI website. It states what is expected in terms of ethics by the UCI. It also out-
lines procedures to be followed when the code has alleged to have been violated.
RULES OF CONDUCT
The Code of Ethics places the responsibility of abiding by it on all parties that are bound by it. As such, all Commissaires
are expected to act in an ethical manner, and not abuse their position in any way.
Central to the Code of Ethics is the requirement to act with integrity in all manners related to cycling.
The Code of Ethics requires that all persons bound by it obey the rules laid out therein. Commissaires are bound to all the
rules, with specific attention given to the following:
• ARTICLE 6.1. Non-discrimination: Not undertake any action that offends the human dignity of any person.
• ARTICLE 6.2. Neutrality: Always remain politically neutral when representing cycling.
• ARTICLE 6.3. Confidentiality: Do not release information provided in confidence to the public.
• ARTICLE 6.4. Physical and mental integrity: The personal rights of individuals must be respected.
• ARTICLE 7.1. Gifts: Gifts accepted should be appropriate, and not influence or bind one person to another.
• ARTICLE 7.2. Bribery and corruption: Decision making must not be conditional on any offer.
• ARTICLE 7.4. Conflicts of interest: Conflicts of interest are to be avoided.
• ARTICLE 8.1. Manipulation of events: Decisions may not be taken to deliberately influence a result contrary
to sport ethics. Participating in any form of gambling in any way in an event in which the person is involved is
forbidden.
• ARTICLE 8.2. Anti-doping: Facilitating doping in any way is forbidden.
CODE OF ETHICS AND CODE OF CONDUCT
There are many overlapping components between the Code of Ethics and the Code of Conduct. However, both can be
considered complementary, and Commissaires are required to abide by them.

CHAPTER 3
REGULATIONS
© Graham Watson

29
CH 3 - REGULATIONS
3.1. UCI REGULATIONS
Cycling, like all sports, is subject to regulations. All of the rules are gathered together in a written document – the UCI Re-
gulations – that govern the sport of cycling and its administration. As previously mentioned, this document represents an
essential working tool for Commissaires while also being the universal reference material for all parties involved in cycling
(organisers, teams, riders, the media, fans, etc.).
A REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR THE PRACTICE OF THE SPORT
Cycling is an international sport and as such the rules must be interpreted and applied uniformly. A regulatory framework
is necessary to ensure that events run properly. When rigorously applied, this framework guarantees:
The UCI defines and oversees the implementation of the regulatory framework. The regulations govern the practices of
cycling and the functioning of institutions, in both administrative and technical terms.
The regulatory framework encompasses the UCI’s technical decisions as well as sporting values. The regulations contri-
bute to preserving the equilibrium between the members of the family of cycling.
SCOPE OF APPLICATION
• The UCI Regulations apply in all countries affiliated to the UCI.
• They serve as the basis for the regulations of national federations (NF) affiliated to the UCI.
• The UCI Regulations apply to male and female riders aged 17 and above. The rules for riders aged 16 and under are
defined by NFs.
FAIRNESS
QUALITY
STABILITYCLARITY
UNIVERSALITY
Diagram. The advantages of a regulatory framework
CYCLISTS 16 YEARS OLD
•NATIONAL FEDERATION
REGULATIONS
•UCI REGULATIONS
CYCLISTS ≥17 YEARS OLD
Diagram. Scope of application of the UCI Regulations

30
CH 3 - REGULATIONS
SUMMARY AND NOMENCLATURE
The UCI Regulations address the following subjects, organised into Parts:
• Preliminary provisions
• Constitution
• Part I: General organisation of cycling as a sport
• Part II: Road Races
• Part III: Track Races
• Part IV: Mountain Bike Races
• Part V: Cyclo-cross Races
• Part VI: BMX Rule Book
• Part VI bis: BMX Freestyle
• Part VII: Trials Regulations
• Part VIII: Indoor cycling:
• Part IX: World Championships
• Part X: Continental Championships
• Part XI: Olympic Games
• Part XII: Discipline and Procedures
• Part XIII: Medical Rules
• Part XIV: Antidoping Rules
• Part XV: Cycling For All
• Part XVI: Para-cycling
• Cycling Esport
• UCI Code of Ethics
The Regulations are further divided into Articles, numbered
as shown by the example opposite.
This nomenclature allows a logical organisation of the rules.
The reader is assisted in identifying the subject in question
by chapter subtitles and article titles.
Finally, those points of the UCI Regulations that may be sub-
ject to an amendment by legislation or the cycling regula-
tions of a national federation are preceded by (N) as shown
in the example opposite.
CONTENT
For each theme and discipline, the regulations list the various conceivable cases, as illustrated by the table below.
Table. Example provisions of the UCI Regulations
Extracts from the UCI Regulations
AUTHORISATIONS 2.5.077 Megaphone or loud-hailers may be used.
PROHIBITIONS 2.5.036 Followers may not jettison anything at all on the course.
MEASUREMENTS 2.3.007 If the race is run on a circuit, it shall be at least 10 km long.
EXHAUSTIVE LISTS
Women Junior WJ 1.1 + 2.1 - National teams
- Regional and club teams
- Mixed teams WJ 1
NON-EXHAUSTIVE LISTS
2.2.077 The organisers shall provide a sufficiently large and well-equipped place for accredited
press personnel to work (with tables, chaires, electric outlets and telephone points, etc.).
2.2.007 If, three days before the race, the number of riders entered is less
than 100, the organiser may authorise entered teams to increase the
number of riders per team to a maximum of 10.
(text modified on 1.01.05)
Part2
Chapter2
7th
article
2.2.005 (N) Teams must confirm in writing to the organiser the names of
titular riders and two substitutes no later than 72 hours before the
start of the race. Only the riders mentioned in that confirmation will
be permitted to take the start.
(text modified on 1.01.05)

31
CH 3 - REGULATIONS
Sometimes regulation interpretation difficulties may occur, for example:
Table. Examples of possible regulation interpretation
Extracts from the UCI Regulations Clarification
Authorisation
vs. Prohibition
ARTICLE 2.3.025BIS In events or stages
over a distance not exceeding 150 km, it
is recommended that riders be supplied
with refreshments only from the team
car.
Feeding from the side of the road will still
be allowed.
Minimum
vs. Maximum
ARTICLE 2.4.011 (Individual Time Trial)
If the start time is recorded using an
electronic strip, the distance between the
point of contact of the front tyre with the
ground and the electronic strip must be
10 cm.
It is not against the regulations for a rider
to take up a position more than 10 cm
behind the strip. In this case, the 10 cm
measurement is the minimum distance.
ARTICLE 2.2.032 Except in time trials, all
the vehicles accompanying the race are
restricted to a maximum height of 1.66m
(not including roof bars).
The objective here is to ensure that
no vehicles in the race convoy impair
visibility. If the vehicle is too high, visibility
may be affected. The measurement here
is thus the MAXIMUM authorised. This
measurement also corresponds to a
construction standard observed by motor
manufacturers.
Exhaustive list
vs. Non-exhaustive list
ARTICLE 2.3.004 In races ending on a
circuit, only the last 3, 2 and 1 km points
and the laps remaining to be covered are
to be displayed.
This list is exhaustive, other signs are not
authorised.
In the majority of cases, difficulties of interpretation can be resolved by applying logic and considering the facts. Never-
theless, at the time of learning a regulation, during the first reading or training session, Commissaires must, above all, ask
themselves whether they have understood the sense and logic of each point of the regulations.
Understanding the spirit, objective and intention of a point of the regulations will assist in both avoiding confusion and
memorising the point in question.
AMENDMENTS OF THE UCI REGULATIONS
The UCI makes a major commitment to ensure that the regulations are adapted to comply with new situations, in parti-
cular with reference to reforms of the various disciplines and the requirements of the World Anti-Doping Code.
Amendments are made to the regulations every year by means of a process that involves:
• specific UCI Commissions (disciplines, Commissaires, athletes, etc.),
• the UCI’s sport department,
• the UCI’s legal department.
Commissaires are able to propose amendments or corrections of the regulations (e.g. to address inconsistencies between
different articles, vague wording, etc.) in response to specific situations encountered during events.
The amendment is then presented to the UCI Management Committee which decides whether to accept or reject it.

32
CH 3 - REGULATIONS
Diagram. The process of amending a UCI regulation
Information to ensure the traceability of the document appears in two locations:
• at the foot of each page of the document, opposite the page number.
For example: E0113 indicates the January 2013 version.
20 ROAD RACES F0113
• the date of an amendment or removal of an article is given below the article in question.
Following vehicles
2.4.022 [abrogated on 1.01.03]
USE BY COMMISSAIRES
It is not enough for a Commissaire to simply read through all the regulations while preparing for the Commissaire exami-
nations. It is rather a matter of regularly reading the regulations to dispense with any preconceptions and provide context
for new features.
Furthermore, reading a specific chapter to prepare for an event is recommended (e.g. team time trial, summit finishes, etc.).
Commissaires must always have the latest version of the regulations in their possession. Although a hard copy of the regula-
tions can be easily carried around and is particularly useful when Commissaires are engaged in their duties, it is recommended
that work be conducted using an electronic version (on computer, tablet or mobile phone) as this is more economical and
respects the environment.
Whatever the medium used, previous versions of the regulations should be clearly archived to avoid working from a ver-
sion that is not up to date.
EXPERIENCES
IN THE FIELD
UCI
COMMISSIONS
DISCUSSIONS
AND STUDIES
•UCI SPORT DEPARTMENT
•UCI LEGAL DEPARTMENT
ANALYSIS
OF PROPOSALS
•UCI MANAGEMENT
COMMITTEE
PROPOSAL ACCEPTED
DATE OF ENTRY INTO EFFECT
PROPOSAL SUBJECT
TO FURTHER STUDY
PROPOSAL REJECTED
REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE
• How to access the UCI Regulations.
• Knowledge of the numbering of articles.
• The process of amending the UCI Regulations.
• Awareness of new versions and amendments of the UCI Regulations.
WHAT TO DO
• Regularly read the UCI Regulations, unders-
tand and memorise them.
• Implement a personal strategy depending
on the medium used to access the regula-
tions (paper or electronic version, archiving
techniques).
• Identify pertinent articles and know how to
access them quickly.
• Know how to interpret the regulations in
specific situations.
WHAT NOT TO DO
• Learn the regulations by heart without
understanding the logic behind them.
• Interpret the regulations in different ways at
different times if they do not specifically refer
to an issue.
•Treattheregulationsasascientific,exhaustivelist.
• Conclude that what is not prohibited by the
regulations is automatically authorised.
And conversely
• Conclude that what is not authorised by the
regulations is automatically prohibited.

33
CH 3 - REGULATIONS
3.2. NATIONAL FEDERATION REGULATIONS
COMPATIBILITY OF REGULATIONS
A national federation (NF) operates on the basis of its constitution and internal regulations, which specify that, in ac-
cordance with the delegation of powers, it draws up the administrative and technical regulations for national cycling
for the various disciplines of cycle sport, while respecting the international regulations. These national regulations must
always comply with the UCI Regulations.
CALENDAR
When publishing their national calendars of events, federations must include international calendar events taking place
in their countries.
UCI Regulations prevail for international events (for example with regards to categories) rather than NF Regulations.
DRAFTING AND ADAPTATION
Federations must put in place procedures for drafting, publishing and updating their regulations. National regulations
must incorporate amendments of the UCI Regulations without delay.
WHAT TO DO
• Examine and familiarise yourself with national federation regulations.

34
CH 3 - REGULATIONS
3.3. SPECIAL REGULATIONS FOR AN EVENT
The organiser draws up the special regulations for the event. Example regulations are available on the UCI Website in the
Road Organisers’ Guide.
The special regulations must be included in the programme and/or organiser’s technical guide such that all participants
become aware of them.
For road events, the special regulations for the event must include, as a minimum, the information listed in ARTICLE
2.2.012 and detailed in the checklist of point 4.2.2.1 of this guide.
For each technical point for which the UCI Regulations establishes a minimum, maximum or range of options, the orga-
niser must clearly set out, in the special regulations, the situation that will apply to the event.
Examples of decisions to be made by the event organiser
• number of riders per team (maximum and minimum),
• additional classifications (points, method of separating riders when level in classifications, etc.),
• prizes for all classifications,
• any time bonuses,
• time limits,
• stages with summit finishes,
• podium ceremonies,
• the method of incorporating the times recorded during team time trials,
• the method for determining the order of start for a time trial or prologue.
The special regulations of an event complement the UCI Regulations. The organiser’s margin for manoeuvre generally
offers influence over the way in which the event unfolds (e.g.: time bonuses, the complexity of additional classifications,
number of riders per team, etc.). The specific features of the special regulations must be checked by the Commissaires to
ensure they comply with the limits established by the UCI Regulations.
Check-list – Special regulations for an event
■ Check the compliance of the special regulations with the UCI Regulations.
■ If necessary, suggest changes to the organiser, concerning the following points in particular:
- participation,
- order of start for prologue and time trials,
- summit finishes,
- arrangements for feeding during time trials,
- time bonuses,
- time limits,
- classifications,
- prizes,
- podium ceremonies.

35
CH 3 - REGULATIONS
REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE
• Ability to compare the special regulations of an event with the UCI Regulations.
• Ability to assess the limits of the special features that an organiser or federation wants to include, beyond
which they would contradict UCI Regulations.
• Making reference to the sample special regulations in the Organiser’s Guide to check the special regulations
of an event.
• Ability to quickly identify a specific point in the regulations.
WHAT TO DO
• Comprehensively study the special regula-
tions of an event and check their compliance.
• Check that any disputes or specific situations
arising from previous editions are covered
and/or mentioned in the special regulations
of the event.
• Direct organisers towards using the example
special regulations made available by the
UCI.
WHAT NOT TO DO
• Allow an organiser insufficient time to correct
the special regulations.
• Accept differences between the special regu-
lations of an event and the UCI Regulations,
or additions to the special regulations, that
do not comply with the UCI Regulations.
• Criticise an organiser for numbering the spe-
cial regulations in a different way from the UCI
example.

CHAPTER 4
ROAD CYCLING EVENTS
© Graham Watson

CH 4 - ÉPREUVES CYCLISTES SUR ROUTE
4.1. THE VARIOUS PLAYERS:
ROLES AND INTERACTIONS
36
4.1. THE VARIOUS PLAYERS: ROLES AND INTERACTIONS
If the way in which a race itself unfolds depends on the behaviour of the riders and teams, then the framework of the
event is a result of the interaction between two of the main parties involved.
4.1.1.
The Commissaires’ panel comprises all the officials appointed by the UCI and the national federation (NF) of the event’s
host country. The UCI Regulations (ARTICLE 1.2.116) establish the number and status of Commissaires for different
events.
ORGANISATION
ORGANISING
COMMITTEE
SERVICE PROVIDERS
PRESIDENT OF
THE COMMISSAIRES’
PANEL
COMMISSAIRES’ PANEL
COMMISSAIRES
Diagram. The various players
PRESIDENT OF THE COMMISSAIRES’ PANEL
(PCP)
Diagram. The Commissaires’ panel (CP)
COMMISSAIRES
(C2 AND C3)
FINISH JUDGE
(FJ)
TIMEKEEPER COMMISSAIRE
(TC)
MOTORBIKE COMMISSAIRE
(MC)
ASSISTANT/ADDITIONAL COMMISSAIRES
DOPING CONTROL OFFICERS
(DCO)

37
All members of the Commissaires’ panel are Commissaires, irrespective of the level at which they operate. As refereeing
officials, they are empowered to:
• intervene and act,
• check and verify,
• report and provide evidence,
• apply or request a sanction, etc.
The tasks and responsibilities of Commissaires are summarised below. These tasks and responsibilities are described in
the following chapters by explanations of how the Commissaires carry out their missions (president of the Commissaires’
panel, event Commissaire, finish judge, timekeeper Commissaire, motorbike Commissaire).
4.1.1.1. The president of the Commissaires’ panel (PCP)
The PCP is appointed by the UCI and ensures the sporting management of the event in coordination with the organiser.
The PCP is the main point of contact of the national federations and the UCI with the various stakeholders in cycling:
organisers, sport directors, riders. The PCP should not be interacting with the media.
The PCP acts as the facilitator of the Commissaires’ panel and liaises with the organisers.
UCI REGULATIONS – 1.2.118
The president of the Commissaires’ panel or a
Commissaire appointed by him shall act as com-
petition director.
Diagram. The president of the Commissaires’ panel (PCP) acts as a liaison
NATIONAL
FEDERATIONS
UCI
PCP
ORGANISERS
RIDERS
SPORT
DIRECTORS

38
4.1.1.2. Commissaires (C2, C3)
The number of Commissaires appointed to an event varies. Commissaires are appointed by the UCI or the national fede-
ration and act under the direction of the president of the Commissaires’ panel (PCP). The Commissaires are responsible
for the sporting management of the race. During a road race, the Commissaires are positioned at the head of the race
(Commissaire 2) and the back of the race (Commissaire 3). In some cases, a 4th
Commissaire is appointed and is also
positioned at the back of the race.
The Commissaires have various tasks before and after the
event (ARTICLE 1.1.048):
• assisting the PCP in preparing the sport direc-
tors’ meeting, in particular by using the local
language,
• confirming starters and checking licences,
• checking equipment,
• taking decisions and imposing sanctions.
4.1.1.3. The Finish Judge (FJ)
The finish judge is responsible for the following tasks:
BEFORE
THE EVENT
DURING
THE EVENT
AFTER
THE EVENT
• Draws up and checks the list of starters from informa-
tion provided by members of the Commissaires’ panel.
• Ensures that the riders sign the signing-on sheet.
• Participates in sporting control in the same way as other
Commissaires.
• Judges the intermediate classifications.
•Gathersallusefulinformationfordrawingupfinalclassifications
untilthetimecomestoleavetheraceandgodirectlytothefinish.
• Draws up the finishing order.
• Establishes the race classifications.
• Checks documents for publication and ensures
their distribution.
Diagram. The Finish Judge’s tasks

39
4.1.1.4. Timekeeper Commissaire (TC)
The timekeeper Commissaire is responsible for recording the race times and using these for various calculations. This
Commissaire must be fully conversant in the timing rules that are specific to road cycling as well as the appropriate action
to take in particular cases.
The timekeeper Commissaire has the following tasks:
• Completes the finishing orders recorded by the finish judge before forwarding to the computing service.
• Checks the times calculated by the computing system while retaining the data and tools that would allow a ma-
nual compilation of the classifications in the event of a failure of the technical resources.
• During time trials, plays the crucial role of checking start times and finish times and subtracts one from the other
to allow each rider’s or team’s time to be calculated.
4.1.1.5. Motorbike Commissaire (MC)
The motorbike Commissaire acts under the direction of
the president of the Commissaires’ panel (PCP) and event
Commissaires and takes advantage of the increased mobi-
lity of a motorbike compared with a car to intervene in the
race convoy where necessary.
• The MC is a very useful additional resource to ensure the
sporting control of an event.
• An MC can implement a “block” on race vehicles, al-
lowing them to pass only when appropriate.
• An MC may disqualify competitors because of race inci-
dents, after informing the Commissaires’ panel as qui-
ckly as possible.
4.1.1.6. Assistant or additional Commissaires
The use of these officials is neither automatic nor obligatory.
Assistant Commissaires may be appointed by the national federation if appropriate and allocated to various posts:
• broom wagon,
• technical areas (feed zones),
• fixed points (time trials, mountain stages).
These officials must submit a written report of any incidents during the race to the PCP. In contrast to the main Commis-
saires, they do not have authority to direct the event.
UCI REGULATIONS – ARTICLE 1.2.104
For each race, the national federation of the organiser shall designate a sufficient number of timekeeper-Com-
missaires duly licensed by it. Timekeeper-Commissaires may be helped in matters other than time-keeping ope-
rations proper by other persons licensed by the national federation of the organiser.

40
4.1.1.7. Doping Control Officer (DCO)
The doping control officers (DCO) are appointed by the
CADF or the NF. These officials fulfil their mission in com-
pliance with the CADF Anti-Doping Rules which apply in
their entirety at all times. Furthermore, the anti-doping le-
gislation of the host nation of the event may apply if they
complement the UCI Regulations.
The DCO works in collaboration with the doctor appointed
to conduct anti-doping controls as well as with the pre-
sident of the Commissaires’ panel (PCP), updating the latter
on the operation of the anti-doping controls.
It is also possible that National Anti-Doping Organisations
are present performing controls, and they may, or may not,
inform you of their presence.
4.1.1.8. Tasks and powers of the president of the Commissaires’ panel (PCP)
The Commissaires’ panel corrects any irregularities noted with regards to the organisation of the event or the behaviour
of the participants.
Commissaires make a note of any infractions and impose sanctions in line with their fields of knowledge and areas of
competence. The reports of Commissaires are considered conclusive with regard to the issues they record, unless proven
otherwise. Penalties are imposed by the PCP and event Commissaires, by a majority of votes.
Every Commissaire also has the individual power to implement the following measures:
• prevent riders in breach of the regulations from starting,
• issue warnings,
• immediately disqualify a rider who commits a serious infringement, who is not in a condition to continue in the
event, who has been distanced by an irretrievable time gap or who represents a danger to other people.
The Commissaires’ panel or, if necessary, individual Commissaires, take all decisions required to ensure the event
proceeds in a proper manner. These decisions are taken in compliance with the applicable regulations and, as far as
possible, after consultation with the organisation management.
With respect to disciplinary matters, appeals are not allowed against observations of fact, assessments of the situation in
races and applications of competition regulations by the Commissaires’ panel or, where appropriate, an individual Com-
missaire, or against any other decision taken by them (ARTICLE 1.2.132).
COMMISSAIRE
PREVENT START
WARNING
DISQUALIFICA-
TION
Diagram. A Commissaire’s individual powers

41
4.1.2.
ORGANISATION
The event organisation is a legal entity such as a company or association.
On some occasions, the organising committee comprises several entities. However, from the point of view of the UCI
and national federations, a single organiser is recognised. For this reason the organiser must be clearly identified in the
technical guide, providing the following information:
The organiser may register one or more events on the UCI calendar.
CALENDAR
The UCI Calendar lists all international events in chronological order. In road cycling, these events are distributed among
the following calendars:
Each of these calendars covers a specific season lasting 12 months. The start and finish dates of a calendar may vary from
one continent to another.
In addition to the above, there are also calendars for U23 Men, Junior Men and Junior Women. There are also various
rankings for Under 23 Men and Women, and Junior Men and Women.
NAME
OF THE ENTITY
ADDRESS
OF THE ENTITY
NAME OF
THE ORGANISATION
DIRECTOR
UCI
WOMEN’S
WORLDTOUR
CALENDAR
VARIOUS SUB-RANKINGS VARIOUS SUB-RANKINGS
WORLD RANKING WORLD RANKING
WOMEN’S WORLDTOUR RANKING
UCI
WOMEN’S
CALENDAR
UCI
WORLDTOUR
CALENDAR
UCI
CONTINENTAL
CALENDAR
(Men and U23)
Table. Road calendars
For Men and Women Elite:
SEPARATE
CONTINENTAL
TOUR
RANKINGS

42
Type of event
All events on the various calendars count towards their different rankings.
Organisers may also apply for their event to be considered as a round of a UCI Nations Cup. These events belong to the
specific calendar for their category but also make up a series with its own classification.
Class of event
As there are a great many events, UCI Continental Calendars are divided into different levels:
The breakdown of the teams participating in an event depends on the continent and the event’s class (ARTICLE 2.1.005).
The standards applicable, in line with the UCI Regulations or recommendations of the Organiser’s Guide to Road Events,
may also differ depending on whether the event is on the UCI WorldTour or UCI Women’s WorldTour calendar or not.
Registration of event and allocation of class
The organiser must apply to the national federation (NF) to register the event on the international calendar. The NF then
forwards the request to the UCI. The application includes a proposed class for the event. After the dossier has been eva-
luated (in terms of the financial and organisational resources available as well as the level of cycling in the host country
of the event), the UCI allocates the appropriate class to the event. If an organiser wants to change an event’s class, it
must satisfy appropriate criteria (number events organised, PCP reports, general image, opinion of the NF or Continental
Confederation, financial situation, etc.). The UCI Management Committee finalises the international calendar for the
following season.
Diagram. UCI Cup Events
MEN’S ROAD
UNDER 23
NATIONS’ CUP
MEN’S ROAD
JUNIOR
NATIONS’ CUP
UCI PROSERIES CLASS 1 CLASS 2
Diagram. Classes of UCI Continental Calendar
ALLOCATION
OF A CLASS
ORGANISER
NATIONAL
FEDERATION
UCI
Diagram. Event application procedure

43
THE ORGANISER’S RESPONSIBILITIES AND SAFETY
The organiser must consider that it may be necessary to change or cancel the event, for example in cases of force majeure
(adverse weather conditions, political reasons, etc.).
Furthermore, he must put in place insurance cover for all risks relating to the organisation of the event. The UCI can in no
case be held liable for problems with the course, any accidents or cancellation of the event.
The Commissaire is responsible for carefully checking the event’s special regulations.
THE ORGANISATION’S FUNCTIONS
The Organiser’s Guide defines most of the functions and sets out the quality standards. It is important that Commissaires
identify those organisational functions that concern them.
UCI REGULATIONS
• The organiser is the sole body responsible for its event with regards to all other parties (the authorities, parti-
cipants, officials, spectators, other people in attendance, etc.) and in all respects (administrative, financial and
legal). The organiser shall be responsible for the quality and safety of the organisation, all installations and for the
compliance of the event with UCI Regulations (ARTICLE 1.2.032).
• The organiser shall take whatever safety measures caution demands (ARTICLE 1.2.035).
GENERAL
ORGANISATION
RACE CONVOY
SAFETY
AND
ASSISTANCE
COMMUNICATION
• Direction and
coordination
• Finance
• Implementing
equipment
structures
• Accommodation
and meals
• Reception
• Fleet of race
vehicles
• Ceremonies
• Implementing
advertising
media
• Control of the race
• Relations with
teams
• Race itinerary
and signposting
• Radio equipment
• Timekeeping
service provider
• Race radio
announcer
• Information
motorbike
• Vehicle drivers
• Blackboard official
• Lead vehicles
• End of race
vehicles
• Medical service
• Neutral service
• Civilian safety
escort
• Police safety
escort
• Stationary
marshals
• Head of press
• Internet service,
computer graphics
• VIP management
• Relations with
private partners
• Public relations
• TV coordination
• Marketing
• Trading and
advertising acti-
vities
• Announcer
and presenters
• Interpreters
• Official
photographers
Diagram. The organisation’s functions

44
4.1.3.
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE ORGANISATION
AND THE COMMISSAIRES’ PANEL
The interactions between these two entities are numerous. Thus, the fields of activity and responsibility need to be clear
and mutually respected.
The diagram below summarises the situations where interactions between the organisation and Commissaires are most
frequent.
SCOPE OF LIABILITY
The organiser is solely responsible for the quality of the functions carried out by the organisation as described in 4.1.2.
Commissaires will not intervene in the functions carried out by the organiser unless safety, the image of cycling or the
sporting considerations of the event are affected. A Commissaire does not have the authority to demand that certain
instructions are observed, but can offer certain advice if remaining UNASSERTIVE and acting in a spirit of PROVIDING
INFORMATION.
Conversely, the organiser may not influence how the race unfolds or influence the system for the movement of vehicles
around the riders implemented by the Commissaires in accordance with the race situation.
Race situations are quite normal most of the time, allowing a balance of responsibilities to prevail. This balance may qui-
ckly deteriorate however if there are race incidents or difficult situations. In this event, Commissaires must quickly allocate
responsibilities and ensure that these are observed.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ORGANISER AND COMMISSAIRES
Commissaires are requested by the UCI to evaluate the quality of some of the functions carried out by the organiser by
means of an evaluation report. The UCI regularly updates its example reports to make evaluations as objective as pos-
sible. While remaining factual and bearing in mind the UCI’s standards and regulations, a UCI Commissaire is required
to provide an evaluation as the UCI’s main reporter of an event.
NOTE
The UCI may also receive riders’ reports and be contacted by teams in the event of a complaint.
BEFORE
THE EVENT
DURING
THE EVENT
AFTER
THE EVENT
• Preparation of the event and the race headquarters
• Sport directors’ meeting
• Briefing with the press and drivers
•Race start
•Race incidents, neutralisation
• Debriefing
Diagram. Interactions between the organisation and the Commissaires’ panel

45
This evaluation influences the relationship between the UCI-appointed Commissaire and the organiser who sometimes
resents the organisation being judged and interprets the assessment as a sanction.
For this reason, during the evaluation, but also throughout the race, a Commissaire must ensure that his or her interac-
tions have maximum credibility:
• A collaborative attitude must be adopted if the organiser is receptive.
• A more authoritarian attitude should be used if there are significant risks or if progress is slow.
COLLABORATIVE
ATTITUDE
AUTHORITARIAN
ATTITUDE
• If the organiser is receptive
• If the risks involved are
significant
• If progress is slow
Diagram. Attitudes to be adopted by a Commissaire depending on the situation
REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE
• How to distinguish which functions are the responsibility of the organisation and which are the responsibility of
the Commissaires’ panel.
• How to encourage and maintain the balance of responsibilities, always keeping this issue in mind.
WHAT TO DO
• Prepare for the event by communicating with the
organiser and members of the Commissaires’
panel.
• Prepare the content and guidelines of the
pre-race meetings with the organiser.
• Present an objective case regarding requests
and the evaluation of the event.
• Take advantage of all opportunities to
enhance credibility.
WHAT NOT TO DO
• Interfere with the organisation.
• Transfer some of the Commissaires’ tasks to
the organisation or its service providers.
• Blur the lines between the functions of the
members of the Commissaires’ panel or seek
to exercise the functions of other members.

46
CH 4 - ROAD CYCLING EVENTS
4.2. THE COMMISSAIRE’S DUTIES
BEFORE THE RACE
4.2. THE COMMISSAIRE’S DUTIES BEFORE THE RACE
The management and sporting control of an event requires
methodical organisation by officials before, during and af-
ter the race.
Several stages in the preparation and management of the
race can be identified:
4.2.1.
PREPARATION AT HOME BEFORE THE EVENT
ACCEPTING THE APPOINTMENT AND MAKING CONTACT
WITH THE EVENT ORGANISATION
TRAVEL ARRANGEMENTS AND CARRYING OUT
PRIOR TECHNICAL PREPARATIONS AT HOME
CARRYING OUT ADMINISTRATIVE TASKS AT THE EVENT VENUE
SPORTING MANAGEMENT OF THE EVENT
DEBRIEFING WITH THE ORGANISATION
EVALUATION REPORT
Diagram. Event preparation and management

BEFORE THE RACE
47
TRAVEL ARRANGEMENTS
RECEIPT AND VERIFICATION OF EVENT DOSSIER
• When received, the Commissaire carefully studies the event dossier (technical guide and special regulations
sent by the organiser as well as the previous year’s evaluation sent by the UCI):
- for familiarisation with the race,
- to become aware of any problems encountered the previous year,
- to gain information, if necessary, on measures undertaken to correct the said problems.
• The Commissaire contacts the organiser if the event dossier (or part of it) is not received promptly.
• The Commissaire checks that the documents are properly drawn up in one of the UCI’s two official languages
(French or English) and that they do not contradict UCI Regulations.
• The Commissaire informs the organisation director of any changes required (whether technical, regulatory or
administrative).
Check list – Preparation at home before the event
■ Contact the organiser to ascertain the exact location of pre-race operations and time at which responsibility is
handed over.
■ Remind the organiser to send the special regulations and technical guide if these are not received within the
regulatory period of 30 days (ARTICLE 1.2.045).
■ Check that you have received the evaluation report from the previous year; issue a request to the UCI if not
received.
■ Ask the organiser for a list of registered teams and riders (as soon as possible) and check their compliance on
the UCI website.
■ Plan the flight and/or means of transport to be used, and then inform the organiser.
CONTACT
THE ORGANISER
CHECK
THE DATE
ORGANISE
TRAVEL
• As soon as a Commissaire accepts an appointment, he or she sends an e-mail to the
organiser to introduce him or herself and provide full contact details. The Commis-
saire requests information to allow travel arrangements to be made (dates, locations
and times that the race headquarters will be open before and after the event).
• The Commissaire checks that the event is still going ahead and has not changed date.
If there is any uncertainty, it is highly recommended that the UCI should be contacted
(consult the Calendar page of the UCI website).
• Commissaires should also verify the race information on DataRide.
•The Commissaire undertakes the necessary administrative arrangements (applying for a visa,
letter of invitation, local currency, etc.) to ensure that the trip goes as smoothly as possible.
•The Commissaire researches the most suitable means of transport to get to the event
(train, plane, car), taking into account the time schedule provided by the organiser.
•The Commissaire may make their own travel arrangements, but they are recommended to
use UCI Travel services to make flight bookings. If they make their own travel arrangements
they should verify the price is acceptable with UCI Travel.
Diagram. Travel arrangements

BEFORE THE RACE
48
4.2.2.
CHECKS AND VERIFICATION BEFORE THE RACE
4.2.2.1. Technical guide and special regulations
TECHNICAL GUIDE
The technical guide is an important document for the Commissaires, teams, riders and all
other people involved in the event. Drafted in French or English to ensure it is widely un-
derstood, it contains all the important information about the event and must conform with
the UCI Regulations.
The list of mandatory information is specified by the UCI Regulations, PART 2 - §2 – ARTICLES
2.2.012 AND 1.2.042
Check list – Technical guide
■ 1. The event special regulations
• event to be held in accordance with UCI Regulations.
• solely the UCI scale of penalties to apply.
• local anti-doping legislation to apply in addition to the UCI anti-doping rules.
• the class of event and the UCI points scale.
• the categories of participants.
• the number of riders per team (maximum and minimum).
• the opening times of race headquarters.
• the location and time of the confirmation of starters and issue of race numbers.
• the location and time of the sport directors' meeting.
• precise location of race headquarters and the anti-doping control station.
• frequency used by race radio.
• supplementary classifications, providing all necessary information
(points, method of separating riders when level in classifications, order of priority of jerseys, etc.).
• prizes for all classifications.
• any time bonuses.
• time limits.
• stages with summit finishes for application of Article 2.6.027
• podium ceremonies.
• the method of incorporating the times recorded during team time trials.
• neutral service arrangements.
• the presence of a feed zone during time trials and methods of operation.
• the method for determining the order of start of a time trial or prologue. This method determines the order of
teams; each team will decide the order in which its riders start.
■ 2. A description of the route of the event or race stages, including profiles, distances, feed zones and finishing circuits.
■ 3. Obstacles on the course (tunnels, level crossings, danger points, etc.).
■ 4. Route details and corresponding time schedule.
■ 5. Intermediate sprints, king of the mountains competition, special primes.
■ 6. Map and profile of the last 3 km.
■ 7. Locations and maps of start and finish areas.
■ 8. List of hospitals contacted by the organiser ready to receive individuals requiring treatment.
■ 9. Composition of the Commissaires’ panel.
■ 10. Name, address and telephone number of the organisation director and names of officials.
■ 11. The absence of any provisions that are contrary to UCI Regulations and sporting fairness.
■ 12. Check any if any information on environmental considerations has been included. This should also include
the location of waste zones.

BEFORE THE RACE
49
SPECIAL REGULATIONS
The president of the Commissaires’ panel (PCP) must inform the organiser if there is any non-compliance of the special
regulations with the UCI Regulations and must endeavour to find a solution as quickly as possible in consultation with the
organiser. The organiser must be informed in advance in order to avoid any problems on the ground and to ensure that
lasting solutions can be implemented.
If agreement cannot be reached, the PCP contacts the UCI.
There are two sample sets of special regulations available on the UCI website – for one-day races and stage races. These
samples offer organisers a very useful model to follow when drawing up their special regulations (p. 255-257).
Check list – Technical guide and special regulations
■ Check that all the elements of ARTICLE 2.2.012 are properly indicated in the guide and conform to UCI Regula-
tions.
■ Check that the distances conform to ARTICLES 2.3.002 to 2.4.001 and 2.5.002 to 2.6.008 of the UCI Regulations
for one-day races and/or stage races.
■ Check that circuits comply with the rules regarding distance and number of laps.
■ Check the compliance of the special regulations with the UCI Regulations.
■ If necessary, suggest changes to the organiser, concerning the following points in particular:
- organisation,
- type of event,
- participation,
- order of start for prologue and time trials,
- race radio,
- neutral service,
- summit finishes,
- arrangements for feeding during time trials,
- time bonuses,
- time limits,
- classifications,
- prizes,
- anti-doping (application of UCI and local anti-doping rules),
- podium ceremonies,
- penalties (solely the UCI scale applies).
THE PARCOURS
Sporting considerations and the riders’ safety are paramount in selecting the course. The organiser is responsible for me-
ticulous preparation in terms of the course. The course should allow the riders to express themselves without restriction
and represent a good compromise between sporting and presentational requirements.
A reconnaissance of the course, taking technical notes, is mandatory in order to establish a highly accurate time schedule for
the race. The route is presented on a map and a profile produced: these are essential to the technical guide. The organiser
must identify:
• distances and altitudes,
• the total climbing for the event or stage,
• level crossings,
• the locations of intermediate sprints,
• hills and climbs with percentage gradients,
• feed zone,
• traffic islands, roundabouts, tunnels, speed bumps, narrowings and cobbles,
• any road improvements or amendments planned for the last 3 kilometres.

BEFORE THE RACE
50
FEED ZONE
Organisers must provide a feed zone on the course for one-day races and the road stages of a stage race. The feed zone
is essential if the event is over 150 km (ARTICLE 2.3.026). In events under 150 km, food can be passed directly from the
sport directors’ cars (ARTICLE 2.3.025).
• Feeding may also be provided in long time trials, although solely by means of team helpers on foot in a zone
defined by the organiser.
• A feed zone can be a dangerous place; accidents often occur here. The zone is generally 300-500 m long. It
must be located away from built-up areas on a straight and flat, or preferably slightly uphill, road, in this way
making it easier for the team assistants and allowing the riders to catch hold of food bags.
• A feed zone on a downhill or sharp uphill is not allowed under any circumstances. The riders travel too fast on
downhill sections, and are exerting themselves too much on uphill sections. In both cases, the riders find it
difficult to take their food bags on board.
• It is preferable for the feed zone to be on a straight section of road so that the riders can look ahead to identify
where their team assistants are standing. There must be enough space (parking, etc.) to allow team cars to stop
without hampering the flow of traffic before the race arrives and to avoid any risk to the riders.
• Feeding from team cars should be avoided in the approach to the fixed feed zones. A reminder of this require-
ment should be made during the sport directors’ meeting and by the race radio announcer upon approaching
the feed zones.
• A motorbike providing the riders with drinks may be a useful addition for major events as it allows riders to re-
plenish their drinks supplies without having to drop back to their team vehicles. These motorbikes have bottles
of water that riders can take from a carrier.
• A waste zone both before and after the feed zone must be provided so that riders can discard their waste in a
controlled manner.
UCI REGULATIONS - ARTICLE 2.3.027
All feeding (from a car and on foot outside of
the feeding zones signposted by the organiser)
is strictly forbidden:
• during the 30 first and last 20 kilometres;
• in the last 500 meters before a sprint coun-
ting for a secondary classification (points
classification, king of mountain classification
or others), bonus sprint, feeding zone;
• in the first 50 meters after a sprint counting
for a secondary classification (points classi-
fication, king of mountain classification or
others), bonus sprint, feeding zone;
• on descents of mountains listed on the
mountain classification;
• in any other area specified by the organiser
or the commissaires panel.
The commissaires panel may adapt the distances
mentioned above, depending on atmospheric
conditions and the category, type and length
of the race. Such a decision must be communi-
cated to the followers through radio-tour.

BEFORE THE RACE
51
CIRCUITS
If not organising an event based on a point-to-point course (town to town, town to mountain summit, etc.), the organiser
has the following options:
• organising the whole event or stage on a circuit,
• using a finishing circuit for the event/stage preceded by a standard road race.
In order to guarantee sporting fairness and safety, circuits should adhere to certain rules, in particular concerning their
length. A minimum length of circuit must be respected to ensure the riders’ safety, allow them to access technical as-
sistance and avoid riders who have not covered the same distance helping or hindering each other (i.e. lapped riders).
Event or stage held entirely on a circuit: if an event or stage is to be run entirely on a circuit, the circuit must be at least
10 km long (ARTICLE 2.3.007). If the organiser considers it not possible to observe this rule, a request may be made to the
UCI. This will be studied and may be approved depending on the reasons given and the circumstances. Circuits under 7
km long are not allowed under any circumstances.
Road race or stage with a finishing circuit: in this configuration, circuits can be less than 10 km in some circumstances.
However, the circuit must be at least 3 km long. The number of laps of the circuit is governed by its length in kilometres,
in order to avoid the situations described above. The maximum number of laps of the circuit shall be as follows (ARTICLE
2.3.008):
The president of the Commissaires’ panel must check with the organiser that the circuit complies with the regulations, that
the entry to the circuit is properly indicated and that all necessary arrangements have been made such that all riders can
complete the entire race route.
It must be ensured that race convoy vehicles (lead, official and team vehicles, broom wagon, etc.) do not hinder the sporting
outcome of the race.
Critical situations must always be anticipated such that they can be controlled. The objective is to adapt solutions in order to
guarantee sporting fairness.
THE PROBLEMS
OF A CIRCUIT
THAT IS TOO
SHORT
• Prevents breaks from forming.
• In stage races, all riders must complete the same distance. This means that any race
configuration in which the riders may be caught and stopped, only to return to the
start line the following day, is prohibited.
Diagram. The problems of circuits that are too short
CIRCUITS
OF 3-5 KM
CIRCUITS
OF 5-8 KM
CIRCUITS
OF 8-10 KM
3 laps
5 laps
8 laps
Diagram. Maximum number of laps of a circuit depending on its length
An exception is made for the last day
of a stage race. In this case, there may
be more than five laps, although the
total distance covered in the circuit
must not exceed 100 km (ARTICLE
2.6.031).

BEFORE THE RACE
52
HALF-STAGES
The riders’ well-being is the priority when organising half-stages. There must be sufficient recovery time between the two
half-stages. The riders must have time to shower, eat and rest.
Half-stages are not allowed in one-day events.
PROLOGUE
Stage races may start with a prologue. A prologue is a very short time trial. It can only be held on the first day of the event.
A prologue counts as a day of the race, but not as a stage. The following day’s stage is considered to be the first stage.
A prologue must respect certain conditions (ARTICLE 2.6.006):
• The distance must be: - less than 8 km for Elite and Under-23 Men,
- less than 4 km for Elite and Junior Women and Junior Men.
• The prologue takes the form of an individual time trial. If more than 60 riders are competing, the start interval
between each rider must not exceed one minute.
• The prologue counts towards the individual general classification.
• The prologue should be the only event of the day (no half-stages, etc.).
UCI REGULATIONS - ARTICLE 2.6.010
The organiser may decide to organise half-stages, i.e. a stage in the morning and another stage in the afternoon.
The organisation and number of half-stages are governed by the class, category and duration of the event.
Number of half-stages allowed
Events of less than
six days racing
Events of more than
six days racing
UCI WorldTour 0 0
Men Elite 2 4
Under-23 2 4
Women Elite 2 0
Junior 2 0
PROLOGUE
Diagram. Stage race with prologue
1st
STAGE 2nd
STAGE 3rd
STAGE …

BEFORE THE RACE
53
TIME TRIALS
INDIVIDUAL CHAPTER IV OF PART 2 AND ARTICLE 2.6.023
TEAM CHAPTER V OF PART 2 AND ARTICLE 2.6.024
The organiser should design a time trial course on the basis of the length of the riders’ effort rather than the distance. An
individual time trial should represent 20-60 minutes of effort. In this way, an uphill time trial of 20 km is equivalent to a
flat time trial of 50 km.
The authorised distances for the different classes of participant are defined in ARTICLES 2.4.001 (individual time trials)
and 2.5.002 (team time trials).
Establishing the starting order for time trials
If the first stage of a stage race is an individual time trial or prologue, then each team shall determine the order in
which its riders start.
When the first stage of an event is a team time trial, the organiser can choose the order of the teams, or draw them at
random. If the previous year’s winner is competing, his/her team shall be the last to start.
• If a team time trial takes place in the middle of a stage race, the starting order is determined by the standings
of the team classification. An exception is the team of the leader of the individual general classification which
starts last (ARTICLE 2.6.024).
• The starting intervals between teams in a team time trial should be longer than for an individual time trial as
the average speed is higher and the performances more heterogeneous.
A Commissaire must check all of these points. This check, to ensure correct implementation and rectify any faults or im-
perfections, concerns the following in particular:
• the length of circuits and number of laps,
• the number and distance of half-stages,
• the length of the prologue,
• distances, etc.
UCI REGULATIONS
• If deciding to have a prologue or time trial on the first day of the event, the organiser is free to decide the starting
order of riders on the basis of objective criteria (ARTICLES 2.4.006 and 2.5.006).
• The riders or teams start at identical time intervals. However, this interval may be increased for the later starting
riders (ARTICLES 2.4.007 and 2.5.008).
• The starting order for time trials in stage races is the reverse order of the individual general classification on time
or the team classification (ARTICLES 2.6.023 and 2.6.024).
• The Commissaires’ panel may modify this order to avoid two riders of the same team riding consecutively (AR-
TICLE 2.6.023).

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