GL_Web application testing using selenium

Connect. Collaborate. Innovate.

Web Application Testing
using Selenium

Amit Saxena
17/08/2011

© Copyright GlobalLogic 2010 1

Web Application Testing using Selenium Connect. Collaborate. Innovate.

Training Agenda:
 Selenium Introduction
 Selenium Components
 Recording & Testing with Selenium IDE
 Exercise 1 – Selenium IDE
 Testing using Selenium RC
 Exercise 2 – Selenium RC
 Parallel testing using Selenium Grid


Selenium – What is it? Connect. Collaborate. Innovate.

• Selenium is a set of tools to automate web application testing
across many platforms.
• Selenium runs in many browsers and operating systems.
• Selenium can be controlled by many programming languages and
testing frameworks.
• Selenium is highly flexible.
• Selenium is an Open Source project. The code can be modified and
enhancements can be submitted for contribution.


Selenium Components Connect. Collaborate. Innovate.

 Selenium IDE - is a Firefox add-on that records
clicks, typing, and other actions to make a test, which you
can play back in the browser.
 Selenium RC - runs your tests in multiple browsers and
platforms. Tweak/Customize your tests in your preferred
programming language.
 Selenium Grid - extends Selenium RC to distribute
your tests across multiple servers, saving you time by
running tests in parallel.


Selenium Components… Connect. Collaborate. Innovate.


Platforms Supported by Selenium Connect. Collaborate. Innovate.


Selenium Commands – Selenese

Selenium commands come in three “flavors”: Actions, Accessors and
Assertions.

Actions are commands that generally manipulate the state of the application. They do things
like “click this link” and “select that option”. If an Action fails, or has an error, the execution of the
current test is stopped.

Accessors examine the state of the application and store the results in variables, e.g.
“storeTitle”. They are also used to automatically generate Assertions.

Assertions are like Accessors, but they verify that the state of the application conforms to what
is expected. Examples include “make sure the page title is X” and “verify that this checkbox is
checked”.
All Selenium Assertions can be used in 3 modes:

Assert – Upon failure test is aborted
Verify – Upon failure error is logged and test continues
WaitFor – Waits for a conditions for a given timeout


Selenium Scripts Syntax

Selenium commands are simple, they consist of the command and two parameters.
For example:

type id=phone (555) 666-7066

Parameters vary, however they are typically:
a locator for identifying a UI element within a page.
a text pattern for verifying or asserting expected page content
a text pattern or a selenium variable for entering text in an input field or for selecting
an option from an option list.


Commonly Used Selenium Commands Connect. Collaborate. Innovate.

open
opens a page using a URL.
click/clickAndWait
performs a click operation, and optionally waits for a new page to load.
verifyTitle/assertTitle
verifies an expected page title.
verifyTextPresent
verifies expected text is somewhere on the page.
verifyElementPresent
verifies an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the page.
verifyText
verifies expected text and it’s corresponding HTML tag are present on the page.
verifyTable
verifies a table’s expected contents.
waitForPageToLoad
pauses execution until an expected new page loads. Called automatically when clickAndWait is used.
waitForElementPresent
pauses execution until an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the page.


Locating Elements Connect. Collaborate. Innovate.

For many Selenium commands, a target is required. This target identifies an element in the
content of the web application, and consists of the location strategy. Some of the location
strategies using in Selenium are:
Locating by Identifier
This is probably the most common method of locating elements and is the catch-all default when no
recognized locator type is used. With this strategy, the first element with the id attribute value matching the
location will be used. If no element has a matching id attribute, then the first element with a name attribute
matching the location will be used.
Locating by Id
This type of locator is more limited than the identifier locator type, but also more explicit. Use this when
you know an element’s id attribute.
Locating by Name
The name locator type will locate the first element with a matching name attribute.
Locating by XPath
XPath is the language used for locating nodes in an XML document. As HTML can be an implementation of
XML (XHTML), Selenium users can leverage this powerful language to target elements in their web
applications. One of the main reasons for using XPath is when you don’t have a suitable id or name attribute
for the element you wish to locate. You can use XPath to either locate the element in absolute terms (not
advised), or relative to an element that does have an id or name attribute.


Selenium IDE Connect. Collaborate. Innovate.

Selenium IDE is an integrated development environment for Selenium
scripts. It is implemented as a Firefox extension, and allows you to
record, edit, and debug tests.

Features:
•Easy record and playback
•Intelligent field selection will use IDs, names, or XPath as needed
•Autocomplete for all common Selenium commands
•Walk through tests
•Debug and set breakpoints
•Save tests as Html, Java, .NET, Php, Perl, Ruby scripts etc.
•Support for Selenium user-extensions.js file


Selenium IDE Installation Connect. Collaborate. Innovate.

Selenium IDE is installed as a Firefox extension. It can be installed directly within
Firefox by going to http://seleniumhq.org/download/ and downloading
http://release.seleniumhq.org/selenium-ide/1.0.7/selenium-ide-1.0.7.xpi (XPIs are
the Firefox Extensions)


Opening Selenium IDE Connect. Collaborate. Innovate.

Selenium IDE is opened from the Tools menu of Firefox.


Selenium IDE Features

Menu Bar

Toolbar

Test Case Pane
Test Case Pane

Log/Reference Pane


Selenium IDE Basic Toolbar Commands

Speed Control: controls how fast your test case runs.

Run All: Runs the entire test suite when a test suite with multiple test cases is loaded.

Run: Runs the currently selected test. When only a single test is loaded this button
and the Run All button have the same effect.

Pause/Resume: Allows stopping and re-starting of a running test case.

Record: Records the user’s browser actions.

Step: Allows you to “step” through a test case by running it one command at a time.
Use for debugging test cases.


Building Test Cases using IDE

Recording
When Selenium-IDE is first opened, the record button is ON by default.
During recording, Selenium-IDE will automatically insert commands into your test case based
on your actions. Typically, this will include:
• clicking a link - click or clickAndWait commands
• entering values - type command
• selecting options from a drop-down listbox - select
command
• clicking checkboxes or radio buttons - click command

Adding Verifications and Asserts With the Context Menu
Your test cases will also need to check the properties of a web-page. This requires assert and
verify commands.
With Selenium-IDE recording, go to the browser displaying your test application and right click
anywhere on the page. You will see a context menu showing verify and/or assert commands.
Insert Commands in Table View or Source View
Commands can also be inserted in the Table view and Source View manually.


Exercise 1 – Selenium IDE Connect. Collaborate. Innovate.

1. Install Selenium IDE
2. Record & Save the following test cases in Selenium IDE:
 Open Google.com. Search GlobalLogic in Google. Click
GlobalLogic link in search result. GlobalLogic homepage should
open up.
 Open GlobalLogic.com. Click About Us. Verify that the About Us
page opens up.
 Open GlobalLogic.com. Click Careers Page. Go to current
openings section. Conduct Search. Verify that the search results
show up.
3. Execute the above test cases individually in Selenium IDE.
4. Execute the above created test cases as a test suite in Selenium
IDE.


Selenium RC Connect. Collaborate. Innovate.

Selenium-RC is the solution for tests that need more than simple browser actions
and linear execution. Selenium-RC uses the full power of programming languages to
create more complex tests like reading and writing files, querying a database, and
emailing test results.

You’ll want to use Selenium-RC whenever your test requires logic not supported by
Selenium-IDE. What logic could this be? For example, Selenium-IDE does not
directly support:

condition statements
iteration
logging and reporting of test results
error handling, particularly unexpected errors
database testing
test case grouping
re-execution of failed tests
test case dependency
screenshot capture of test failures


Selenium RC Components Connect. Collaborate. Innovate.

Selenium-RC components are:

The Selenium Server which launches and kills browsers, interprets
and runs the Selenese commands passed from the test program, and
acts as an HTTP proxy, intercepting and verifying HTTP messages
passed between the browser and the AUT (Application Under Test).

Client libraries which provide the interface between each
programming language and the Selenium-RC Server.


How Selenium RC Works Connect. Collaborate. Innovate.


Installing Selenium RC Server Connect. Collaborate. Innovate.

• The Selenium Server is written in Java, and requires the Java
Runtime Environment (JRE) version 1.5.0 or higher in order to start.
• Go to the http://seleniumhq.org/download/ and download
selenium RC (Latest version is 1.0.3) -
http://selenium.googlecode.com/files/selenium-remote-control-
1.0.3.zip
• Unzip and extract it any directory.


Start the RC Server Connect. Collaborate. Innovate.

• Open command prompt and go to the directory where you have
extracted the Selenium RC.
• Run the command –
java -jar selenium-server.jar


Using Java Client Driver Connect. Collaborate. Innovate.

• Extract the file selenium-java-client-driver.jar from selenium-remote-control-1.0.3.zip
• Open your desired Java IDE (Eclipse, NetBeans, IntelliJ etc.)
• Create a new project.
• Add the selenium-java-client-driver.jar files to your project as references.
• Add to your project classpath the file selenium-java-client-driver.jar.
• From Selenium-IDE, export a script to a Java file and include it in your Java project, or write
your Selenium test in Java using the selenium-java-client API.
• Run Selenium server from the console.
• Execute your test from the Java IDE or from the command-line.


Exercise 2 – Selenium RC Connect. Collaborate. Innovate.

1. Install Selenium RC.
2. Create a Java Project in Eclipse and add JUnit and Selenium
Client Driver in project classpath.
3. Export Test Cases From Selenium IDE as JUnits.
4. Export Test Case Suite From Selenium IDE as JUnit Test Suite.
5. Import the Test Cases in Eclipse.
6. Start the Selenium Server.
7. Execute the test cases individually from Eclipse as JUnit.
8. Execute the test cases as a JUnit Suite from Eclipse.


Selenium Grid Connect. Collaborate. Innovate.

Selenium-Grid allows the Selenium-RC solution to scale for large
test suites or test suites that must be run in multiple
environments.

With Selenium-Grid, multiple instances of Selenium-RC are
running on various operating system and browser configurations;
Each of these when launching register with a hub. When tests are
sent to the hub they are then redirected to an available Selenium-
RC, which will launch the browser and run the test. This allows for
running tests in parallel, with the entire test suite theoretically
taking only as long to run as the longest individual test.


Typical Selenium Grid Setup Connect. Collaborate. Innovate.


Installing Selenium Grid Connect. Collaborate. Innovate.

• Selenium Grid requires the following to be installed:
• JDK 1.5 or above
• Apache Ant 1.7 or above
• Go to the http://selenium-grid.seleniumhq.org/download.html and
download Selenium Grid (Latest version is 1.0.8) –
http://release.seleniumhq.org/selenium-grid/selenium-grid-1.0.8-
bin.zip
• Unzip and extract it any directory.


Starting Selenium Grid Connect. Collaborate. Innovate.

Selenium Grid requires the Hub and RCs to be started :

Hub
To start Hub, open command prompt and go to the directory where you have extracted
Selenium Grid and type:
ant launch-hub

RCs
To start RCs, open command prompt and go to the directory where you have extracted
Selenium Grid and type:
ant -Denvironment=“*firefox“ -Dport=5555 launch-remote-control
ant -Denvironment=“*iexplore” -Dport=5556 launch-remote-control
The above commands would start RCs on ports 5555 and 5556 for firefox and internet
explorer environments.

When having multiple machines for RCs, following parameters should be used to provide the Hub URL and
RC host:
ant -Dport=<port> -Dhost=<hostname> -DhubURL=<hub url> launch-remote-control

Grid Console
Open http://localhost:4444/console to view the registered RCs and their status.

Exercise 3 – Selenium Grid Connect. Collaborate. Innovate.

1. Install Selenium Grid.
2. Start Selenium Grid & RCs.
3. Add Parallel JUnit to the classpath in the Eclipse project.
4. Export Test Case Suite From Selenium IDE as JUnit Suite.
5. Import the Test Case Suite in Eclipse.
6. Execute the Test Case suite using Parallel JUnit from Eclipse.
7. View the available/active RCs in Grid Console.


References Connect. Collaborate. Innovate.

Selenium Documentation
http://seleniumhq.org/docs/


Questions Connect. Collaborate. Innovate.

??


Web Application Testing using Selenium

Thank You!


GL_Web application testing using selenium

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