Lecture 02: Layered Architecture of Game Engine | GAMES104 - Modern Game Engine: Theory and Practice
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Lecture 02: Layered Architecture of Game Engine | GAMES104 - Modern Game Engine: Theory and Practice
- 1. WANG XI GAMES 104 2022 Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice Lecture 02 Layered Architecture of Game Engine
- 2. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice Sea of Codes Where to begin?
- 3. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice A Glance of Game Engine Layers
- 4. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice Chain of Editors Tool Layer
- 5. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice Make It Visible, Movable and Playable Rendering Animation Physics Camera, HUD and Input Script, FSM and AI Tool Layer Function Layer
- 6. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice Data and Files Tool Layer Function Layer Resource Layer Scene and Level Script and Graph Game Logic Data
- 7. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice Animation Physics Render Script Camera Swiss Knife of Game Engine Tool Layer Function Layer Resource Layer Core Layer
- 8. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice Publishing Platforms Input Devices Launch on Different Platforms Consoles Tool Layer Function Layer Resource Layer Core Layer Platform Layer Operation Systems Platform File Systems Graphics API Platform SDK …
- 9. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice Middleware and 3rd Party Libraries Tool Layer Function Layer Resource Layer Core Layer Platform Layer 3 rd Party Libraries
- 10. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice Explore Game Engine Layers Think I’m ready to roll!
- 11. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice Practice is the Best Way to Learn Simple Animated Character Challenge • Create, animate and render a character • Playable on selected hardware platforms I want to build an animation system
- 12. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice Resource - How to Access My Data Offline Resource Importing • Unify file access by defining a meta asset file format (ie.ast) • Assets are faster to access by importing preprocess • Build a composite asset file to refer to all resources • GUID is an extra protection of reference Tool Layer Function Layer Resource Layer Core Layer Platform Layer 3 rd Party Libraries GUID texture.ast character.ast mesh.ast animation.ast
- 13. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice Resource – Runtime Asset Manager Runtime Resource Management • A virtual file system to load/unload assets by path reference • Manage asset lifespan and reference by handle system Handle vs. Post Address Tool Layer Function Layer Resource Layer Core Layer Platform Layer 3 rd Party Libraries
- 14. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice Resource – Manage Asset Life Cycle Memory management for Resources - life cycle • Different resources have different life cycles • Limited memory requires release of loaded resources when possible • Garbage collection and deferred loading is critical features Tool Layer Function Layer Resource Layer Core Layer Platform Layer 3 rd Party Libraries Character Scene Cutscene
- 15. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice Function - How to Make the World Alive Physics Camera Motor Character Controller Animation Input Render Network. I/O Memory GC Etc. Logic Unbelievably Simple!!! Tool Layer Function Layer Resource Layer Core Layer Platform Layer 3 rd Party Libraries • Transmission shaft game_main. cppvoid tick(int delta_time) • Endless loop while (true) { … }
- 16. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice Function - Dive into Ticks Tool Layer Function Layer Resource Layer Core Layer Platform Layer 3 rd Party Libraries
- 17. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice • In each tick (over-simplified version) • Fetch animation frame of character • Drive the skeleton and skin of character • Renderer process all rendering jobs in an iteration of render tick for each frame Function -Tick the Animation and Renderer Tool Layer Function Layer Resource Layer Core Layer Platform Layer 3 rd Party Libraries
- 18. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice Function - Heavy-duty Hotchpotch • Function Layer provides major function modules for the game engine • Object system (HUGE) • Game Loop updates the systems periodically • Game Loop is the key of reading codes of game engines • Blur the boundary between engine and game • Camera, character and behavior • Design extendable engine API for programmer Tool Layer Function Layer Resource Layer Core Layer Platform Layer 3 rd Party Libraries
- 19. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice Advanced JOB System Entry Fixed Thread Mainstream Thread Fork/Join RenderThread LogicThread SimulationThre ad Visibility GBuffer Shadow Lighting Transparent PostProcess UI Lua AI Motor … LOD Animation Physics Particle … WorkThread WorkThread WorkThread WorkThread WorkThread WorkThread RenderThread LogicThread SimulationThre ad Visibili ty Shadow Lighting Transpare nt PostProce ss U I AI Mot or … LOD Animati on … WorkThread WorkThread WorkThread Visibili ty GBuffer Mot or Mot or Animati on Animati on Animati on Animati on U I U I U I Mot or Mot or Visibili ty Visibil ity Lua Shadow Lighting PostProce ss … LOD Animati on Physics Visibil ity Motor UI Mot or Animati on Animati on Animati on AI UI Mot or Mot or Visibil ity GBuffer Shado w Particl e Particle … LOD GBuffer Animati on Particl e Particl e UI … Particle AI Physics UI … … Transpare nt Physics Particle Lua Function - Multi-Threading Multi-Core CPU Tool Layer Function Layer Resource Layer Core Layer Platform Layer 3 rd Party Libraries • Multi-core processors become the mainstream • Many systems in game engine are built for parallelism
- 20. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice Core - Math Library Tool Layer Function Layer Resource Layer Core Layer Platform Layer 3 rd Party Libraries Linear algebra • Rotation, translation, scaling • Matrix splines, quaternion
- 21. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice Core - Math Efficiency SIMD Quake III Engine Quick and dirty hacks • Carmack’s 1/sqrt(x) • Magic number! Tool Layer Function Layer Resource Layer Core Layer Platform Layer 3 rd Party Libraries
- 22. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice Core - Data Structure and Containers • Vectors, maps, trees, etc. • Customized outperforms STL • Avoid FRAGMENT memory! • Skeleton tree • Animation frame sequence Tool Layer Function Layer Resource Layer Core Layer Platform Layer 3 rd Party Libraries
- 23. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice Core - Memory Management • Major bottlenecks of game engine performance • Memory Pool / Allocator • Reduce cache miss • Memory alignment • Polymorphic Memory Resource (PMR) • Cache locality/diffusion • Memory Arena • Put data together • Access data in order • Allocate and de-allocate as a block Tool Layer Function Layer Resource Layer Core Layer Platform Layer 3 rd Party Libraries
- 24. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice Core - Foundation of Game Engine • Core layers provide utilities needed in various function modules • Super high performance design and implementation • High standard of coding Tool Layer Function Layer Resource Layer Core Layer Platform Layer 3 rd Party Libraries
- 25. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice Compatibility of different platforms, provides platform-independent services and information for upper layers • File system • Path: Slash/backslash, Environment variables • Directory Traversal Platform - Target on Different Platform Time to show off Tool Layer Function Layer Resource Layer Core Layer Platform Layer 3 rd Party Libraries S:Main FolderFolder1Folder2FinalFolder /Volumes/Share/Main Folder/Folder1/Folder2/FinalFolder
- 26. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice Platform - Graphics API Render Hardware Interface (RHI) • Transparent different GPU architectures and SDK • Automatic optimization of target platforms Tool Layer Function Layer Resource Layer Core Layer Platform Layer 3 rd Party Libraries
- 27. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice Platform - Hardware Architecture • Core variants: PPU and SPUs • UMA: unified memory access Tool Layer Function Layer Resource Layer Core Layer Platform Layer 3 rd Party Libraries
- 28. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice Tool - Allow Anyone to Create Game Unleash the Creativity • Build upon game engine • Create, edit and exchange game play assets UI Editor Logical Editor Shader Editor Animation Editor Flexible of coding languages Level Editor Tool Layer Function Layer Resource Layer Core Layer Platform Layer 3 rd Party Libraries
- 29. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice Tool - Digital Content Creation Game Engine Game Tool Layer Function Layer Resource Layer Core Layer Platform Layer 3 rd Party Libraries DCC Editors Asset Conditioning Pipeline
- 30. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice Why Layered Architecture? Decoupling and Reducing Complexity • Lower layers are independent from upper layers • Upper layers don’t know how lower layers are implemented Response for Evolving Demands • Upper layers evolve fast, but lower layers are stable Tool Layer Function Layer Resource Layer Core Layer Platform Layer 3 rd Party Libraries
- 31. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice Mini Engine- Pilot
- 32. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice Neat PILOT Engine Build by C /C++ • Runtime: ~13,000 lines • Editor: ~2,000 lines Follow Engine Layers • Source code still improving Support Platform • Windows • Linux • MacOS (working on M1)
- 33. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice PILOT Editor and Runtime Basic Editing • Add/Delete objects • Move/Scale/Rotate objects Simple Functions • Character control • Camera
- 34. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice Release Plan 1st Release (3/25/2022) • Editor • Character/Camera • Renderer • Resource system • Play in editor (PIE) To be Released with Course • Animation system • Collision System • Gameplay and script systems • Simple parameter editing • More graphics features • … How to download • https://github.com/BoomingTech/Pilot simple ECS framework
- 35. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice Takeaways • Engine is designed with a layered architecture • Lower levels are more stable and upper levels are more customizable • Virtual world is composed by a set of clocks - ticks
- 36. Lecture 02 Contributor PILOT Engine Contributor - 一将 - Hoya - 喵小君 - 呆呆兽 - Olorin - 靓仔 - 爵爷 - Jason - 砚书 - BOOK - MANDY - 俗哥 - 金大壮 - Leon - 梨叔 - Shine - 邓导 - Judy - QIUU - C佬 - 阿乐 - 阿熊 - CC - 大喷 - 靓仔 - 达啦崩吧 - Shy - Adam - 人工非智能 - KUN - o果蝇o - 弥漫 - 陈皮 Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice
- 37. Enjoy;) Coding Please scan here to let us know what you think Course Survey Course Wechat Please follow us for further information Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice
- 38. Modern Game Engine - Theory and Practice Please note that all videos and images and other media are cited from the Internet for demonstration only.