1. Fluidotherapy 2. Hot compress/Sister Kenny’s packs 3. Peloid packs 4. Electrical heating pads 5. Contrast bath 6. Steam bath/Hot air bath

1. Dr. Rashi Goel (PT)
Assistant Professor
DY Patil College of Physiotherapy
Pimpri, Pune

2. 1. Fluidotherapy
2. Hot compress/Sister Kenny’s packs
3. Peloid packs
4. Electrical heating pads
5. Contrast bath
6. Steam bath/Hot air bath
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3. • Equipment
Unit which contains cellulose particles
through which warm air is circulated
Allows for high heating (higher than
water and paraffin)
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4.  It utilizes a stream of thermostatically
controlled heated air flowing over and
through finely granulated Cellex Dry Heat
Media by an electric fan inside a lid
covered steal cabinet
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5.  This air stream creates air pockets and
“bubbles” to provide a powerful
massaging action that transmits heat and
tactile stimulation to achieve many
physiological and therapeutic benefits
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6.  This suspension produces an illusion of
fluid like mixture in which the treatment
part is immersed, with a low viscosity
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7. • Indications
Used to treat distal extremities in
effort to decrease pain, increase ROM
and decrease swelling and spasm
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8. • Application
Temperature ranges from 100-113o
F
Particle agitation should be controlled
for comfort
Athlete should be comfortable
Treatment time = 15-20 minutes
Exercise can be performed while in
cabinet
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Key Effects of Fluidotherapy-:
1.Dry Heat increases circulation and assists in pain
relief
2.Limb buoyancy allows patients to freely perform a
variety of resistive exercises with increased mobility
and decreased pain. The fluidized Cellex particles
act like a low viscosity fluid, allowing limbs to be
suspended much like in a liquid state
3.Massaging action provides warmth, increased local
circulation and pain diminishing effects to help
increase joint range of motion

11.  Native hot water fermentation technique
 Hot water at 40- 45 deg, a water bottle
containing same temperature of water or
a IRR lamp and a good quantity of
absorbent cotton mob or Turkish towel
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13.  Mud packs contain natural source of
minerals like sulphur, iron & silicate
 Sea mud can retain heat for longer time
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 Peat packs contain organic decayed
vegetable stuff, can also retain heat
because of its organic composition,
mixed with preservative oils or
chemicals

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 Both these packs can be used either
directly mixing it in water or by storing
in cotton or canvas bags as like hot packs
 Possible danger- skin irritation

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 Application-
 1. Heated in hot water tank at 40- 45 deg
as hot packs and applied the same way
 2. Mud and peat mixture is mixed in the
water and heated, mixture is then evenly
spread over thick towel and placed over
affected part

17.  Simple hot, dry air or a mixture of air and
water vapor (moist steam)
 This dry/moist air is circulated via hot air
cabinets, a metal box fitted with an heating
element at the base and a small electrical
fan
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18.  Base of the cabinet consists of double
layer flooring- bottom layer for heating
element thoroughly insulated and upper
empty layer for delivering moist air
vapors when filled with water
 Bottom layer is sealed with a thick layer
of mesh which contains small pores to
deliver the vapors
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19.  Dry as well as moist heat
 Dry heat- only the element and fan is
operated
 Moist heat- bottom is filled with water
and boiled by the elements through the
thermostatic control
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20.  For dry heat- temp at 70- 80 deg C
 For moist heat- temp at 40- 44 deg C
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21.  Uses-
 Traumatic injuries of hand
 General relaxation
 Edematous limbs
 Open wounds
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22.  Small pads of 30 * 30 cm/ electrical
blankets
 Series of resistors to control temperature
produced by a heating element wire (heat
resistant)properly insulated by asbestos,
cotton, fibreglass, plastic covering and
operated at various temperatures
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23.  Uses
 General muscle relaxation
 As a preheating modality for active and
passive exercises
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24.  An electrical blanket- can heat or cool
the skin surface by varying the
temperature of a circulating fluid
 Able to apply a temp up to 40 deg C and
down to 1 deg C, and vary it between
these limits at a rate of 13 deg per minute
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25.  This device can be programmed to apply
predetermined temperatures for pre-set
times for thermotherapy, cryotherapy and
for thermo contrast therapy
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26.  Heat can be transferred to, from, or within the
body tissues by:
1. Radiation
2. Conduction
3. Convection
4. Conversion
5. Evaporation

27. Conduction is a direct transfer of energy between two
objects in physical contact with each other. Energy is
transferred from the area of higher temp, to the area of low
temp.
 Ice packs/bags
 Hot packs
 Paraffin
 Ultrasound

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Rate of energy transfer by conduction is
dependent on
1.Temperature difference between two
materials
2.Thermal conductivity
3.The total contact area
4.Tissue thickness

29. Radiation is a direct transfer of energy from higher
temperature to lower temperature without the need for an
intervening medium
No-contact is made
 Shortwave diathermy
 Microwave Diathermy
 Infrared
 Ultraviolet therapy

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Rate of heat transfer Radiations
1. Intensity of radiation
2. Size of radiation source
3. Types of tissue radiated
4. Distance from radiation source
5. Angle of incidence

31. Convection is a transfer of heat through direct contact
between circulating medium (air/ water) and another
material of different temperature
 This is in contrast to heating by conduction, in which there
is constant contact medium between objects

 Fluid therapy
 Whirlpools
 Blood circulation
Methods of Heat Transfer

32. Conversion is a conversion of non-thermal form of
energy (mechanical, electrical and / or chemical)
into heat
Change of one form of energy to another
Electromagnetic energy to heat
Acoustical energy to heat
 Heat transfer by conversion does not require direct
contact between the thermal agent and the body, however
contact medium is required
 Ultrasound
 Microwave
 Shortwave
Methods of Heat Transfer

33. Evaporation: heat is absorbed by the liquid on the
skin surface and cools the skin as it turns into a gaseous
state
 Vapocoolant sprays
 Alcohol
 Sweating
Methods of Heat Transfer

34.  What all we read till now
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