Presenters: Renske Verhulst - Dutch Nutrient Platform Kimo van Dijk - European Sustainable Phosphorus Platform (ESPP) www.phosphorusplatform.eu Sustainable management of nutrients is crucial for agriculture, food, industry, water and the environment. ESPP brings together companies and stakeholders to address the Phosphorus Challenge and its opportunities for the circular economy. Countries: Austria AT Belgium BE Bulgaria BG Cyprus CY Czech Republic CZ Germany DE Denmark DK Estonia EE Spain ES Finland FI France FR Greece EL Hungary HU Ireland IE Italy IT Lithuania LT Luxembourg LU Latvia LV Malta MT Netherlands NL Poland PL Portugal PT Romania RO Sweden SE Slovenia SI Slovakia SK United Kingdom UK Switzerland CH Phosphorus: Fosfor Fosfor Fòsfòr Фосфор Fosfor Фосфор Fosfor Fosfor Фосфор Фосфор Fosforas Fosfors Fuosfuors Fosfor Ffуsfforws Fosfar Fosfaras Fosfaar Fosforus Φωσφορος Ֆոսֆոր Fosfor Fosfor Фосфор Фосфор ফসফরাস فسفر ફૉસ્ફરસનો फास्फोरस Fosfor Fosfori Foszfor Фосфор Фосфор Паликандур Fosfor Fosfor Фосфор Фосфор Фосфор Фосфор Fosfor فوسفور Fosfor Fosforoa ფოსფორი [fūsfūr] זרחן Fosfru Lìn リン 인 ฟอสฟอรัส Photpho 磷 Posporo Fosfor Pūtūtae-whetū Fosforus ഫോസ്ഫറസ് பொஸ்பரசு Fosofo Fosforase Posfori Fósforo Phusphuru Fosforimi Fosforo Fosforon Pesticium

1. The Nutrient Challenge
Renske Verhulst &
Kimo van Dijk
7 June 2018,
Amsterdam
Moving from linear to circular models

2. Renske Verhulst – Director Nutrient Platform
Kimo van Dijk – Researcher ESPP 2
Who are we

3. 3
34 Dutch companies, knowledge & government
Creating value from waste
Nutrient Platform - NL

4. 4
European Sustainable Phosphorus Platform (ESPP)

5. 1. Nutrients and food
3. Phosphorus sources
4. Nutrient circular economy challenges
Moving from linear to circular use of
nutrients in the food industry
55. Success stories
2. Food production and food security

6. 1. Nutrients and food
P
The element P
What is phosphorus?
6
Bones, teeth, ATP, DNA
Essential in our diet
Irreplaceable and non-
renewable resource

7. 1. Nutrients and food
7
• but Western diet levels are much higher:
Dietary intake: 1 -2 gP/day in Europe Welch et al. 2009 and EFSA 2015
Phosphorus (P) in food
• Adults need 0.6 -1 gP per day (link: A, B, C, D)
• Only 5-10% of diet P is from food additives UK EA “Phosphorus in Food Additives” 2013
source

8. 1. Nutrients and food
Statistical link between blood phosphorus
levels (serum P) and cardio-vascular disease
(CVD) supported by in vitro studies
Gutiérrez et al. ed.. 2017
Diet phosphorus control is critical for
kidney disease patients (CKD)
c. 70 million CKD patients in Europe
8
No evidence of causal link: diet P - serum P
in healthy population (good kidney function)
→ serum P regulated by kidneys
A. Cooke (IFAC – International Food Additives Council) 2017

9. 0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
1,4
1,6
DomesticfoodPsupply[kg/ca/year]
Animal
Plant
Domestic food P supply
necessary to fullfill human
dietary P intake requirements at
consumption level
1. Nutrients and food
9
Domestic food P supply in EU- 27
Minimum P intake requirement
Mean EU P intake
Maximum P intake level

10. 2. Food production & food security
10

11. 2. Food production & food security
11
Growing world population, biobased economy and changing diet

12. 2. Food production & food security
12
Environmental impact

13. 2. Food production & food security
13
European geopolitical dependence

14. 2. Food production & food security
14
Link between P-rock and food price peaks?

15. 2. Food production & food security
15
EU Critical raw material list
Without mineral fertiliser
input, we could approx.
1/5th of the current world
population (Dawson et al, 2011)

16. 2. Food production & food security
16
Farmers look for alternatives?2008 price peak leads to
decline fertiliser
consumption

17. 3. Phosphorus sources
Manure
?
By-products
of food &
beverage
production
Potential sources for circular nutrient economy 17
Food waste
Sewage
Digestates /
bio-energy
residues
Slaughter
residues

18. 3. Phosphorus resources
Netherlands
18
P-flows 2011

19. 19
➢ Flows
➢ Laws and regulations
➢ Safety
➢ Perception
➢ Urgency
4. Nutrient CE challenges
➢ Various visions on sustainable food

20. 4. Nutrient CE challenges
Herziening Nitraatrichtlijn (eens mest, altijd mest)
Laws and regulations
EU NL
European
legislation
International Legislation
National
legislation
Regulations at
EU level are
directly
applicable at
national level
Directives at EU
level need to be
implemented at
a national level
before they are
applicable
Nitrates Directive
Fertilizer Regulation
Waste Framework Directive
Water Framework Directive
Animal by-product regulation
REACH regulation
UNECE Water Convention
UN Watercourses Convention
UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
MARPOL Convention
20
Meststoffenwet
Wet Milieubeheer

21. 4. Nutrient CE challenges
Contaminants in recycling, ‘yuk’ factor, fears
Safety & Perception
21
Research on fertilizers from
human urine:
- The risk to human health
from eating the crops is
insignificant.
(De Boer, Hammerton, Slootweg, 2018)
“What are the criteria
to put a safe product on
the market?”
Struvite producer

22. 4. Nutrient CE challenges
Urgency
Create awareness for nutrients
22
Shortage? 100-400 year Intangible

23. 4. Nutrient CE challenges
What is sustainable?
23
Discussion on nutrients and food

24. 5. Success stories
Nutrient recycling in practice - NL
P
P P
Sludge Ash
P
Agri wastewater
P
Animal manure
24
Biogranulate
(GMB Bioenergy)
Fertilizers
(Ecophos)
Rich ash
(BMC Moerdijk)
Physiostart
(Timac Agro)
More information: Succes stories in NL and in Europe

25. Closing nutrient cycles – wastewater treatment to chocolate
25
5. Success stories
more information: (Dutch only)

26. Closing nutrient cycles – urine for beer in Denmark
26
5. Success stories
Pisner beer

27. 6.What more?
27

28. Executed by: Nutrient Platform, ESPP, DDP, BSAG
6. Nutrients: joint responsibility
28
Closing the P
cycle & other
nutrients

29. 6. Not only P, but also..
Healthy soil
Nutrients as part of sustainable food production
29
P
N
K
Zn
Cu
Mo
Possibilities for recycling of micronutrients

30. 6. Nutrients and nutrition
Dierlijke mest
➢ Relation nutrients and nutritional food
30
➢ Bio-availability: enough (micro)nutrient in our food?
➢ Reuse of residue streams on agricultural soil?

31. 6. Challenges for the food industry
Dierlijke mest
31
➢ Acceptance of recycled nutrients in crop production/ purchasing
➢ Work with fertiliser industries on nutrient recycling
➢ Upstream nutrient footprint
➢ Downstream nutrient management/recycling
➢ Implementation into sustainability criteria
➢ Making nutrient stewardship & recycling a marketing message
➢ Phosphorus in diet and health
- dialogue with science
- informing kidney patients and consumers

32. 6. The Sustainability Consortium
Now more than 100 members
P
32

33. A coalition and call for action
Dierlijke mest
Working together on national and European level
The transition
towards sustainable
nutrient use has only
just started!
33

34. Contact
Nederland zijn voorsprong m.b.t. fosfaatrecycling moet benutten
Door handelsmissies en internationale aandacht te organiseren
34
r.verhulst@nutrientplatform.org
info@nutrientplatform.org
@NutrientP
+31 (0)70 3043758
+31 (0) 6 2115 1497
www.nutrientplatform.org www.phosphorusplatform.eu
kimovandijk@phosphorusplatform.eu
info@phosphorusplatform.eu
@phosphorusfacts
+31 (0) 6 26596967

35. 5. The Sustainable Consortium
Working on nutrients
P
35

36. 36
• The Phosphorus Challenge

37. 5. What is needed?
Dierlijke mest
De transitie
naar duurzaam
nutriënten gebruik
heeft nog veel nodig!
37
37

38. 6. Not only P, but also..
Nutrients as part of sustainable food production 38
N
Source: de Haes et al, 2012 and Chardon & Oenema, 2013
A simplistic way of expressing resource
scarcity
R/P ratio = reserve / production