CC105-WEEK10-11-INTRODUCTION-TO-SQL.pdf

WEEK 10-11
INTRODUCTION TO SQL
CC105 - INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

At the end of the session, the students should be able
to:
1. Define SQL
2. Familiarize with SQL data definition commands
3. Familiarize with basic data retrieval statements in SQL

•SQL is used in relational databases which
allows you to manage and manipulate data in
your database.
WEEK 10-11 – INTRODUCTION TO SQL
CC105 - INFORMATION MANAGEMENT 3
Structured Query Language (SQL)

What SQL can do?
•Creating and deleting of database
•Creating and deleting tables
•Executing queries as retrieving of data; inserting records; deleting of
records and; updating of records.
•Granting and revoking of database access control.
•Creating a stored procedure in a database
•Setting permission on tables and database
•Creating relationships between tables

SQL Data types • It is used to store string values that
contain any character in a character
set and has only a fixed-length
• It is used to store string values that
contain any characters in a character
set but has a definable variable
length.
• It is used to store string values in
hexadecimal format and has a
definable variable length.
Character (CHAR)
Character Varying (VARCHAR)
Binary Large Object (BLOB)
String

SQL Data types
•It is used to store exact numbers
with predefined precision and
scale...
•It is used to store exact numbers
with predefined precision and
scale of zero.
•It is used to store numbers with
decimal points.
Numeric
Integer (INT)
Decimal
Number

SQL Data types
•It is used to store a
date
•It is used to store
time
Date
Time
Data and Time

Three Major Components of SQL
1. Data Definition Language
2. Data Manipulation Language
3. Data Control Language

EXAMPLE TABLE FOR DDL
Database name: db_studentinformation
tbl_studentaccount
Field Name Data type Size
StudentNumber Int 5
Username varchar 20
Password varchar 10
FirstName varchar 50
LastName varchar 50
Course varchar 10

DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE
a. CREATE DATABASE is a statement used to create a database.
Syntax:
CREATE DATABASE database_name;
USE database_name;
Example:
CREATE DATABASE db_studentinformation;

b. DROP DATABASE is a statement used to drop a database.
Syntax:
DROP DATABASE database_name;
Example:
DROP DATABASE db_studentinformation;

c. DROP TABLE is a statement used to drop a table.
Syntax:
DROP TABLE table_name;
Example:
DROP TABLE tbl_studentaccount;

d. CREATE TABLE is a statement used to create a table.
Syntax:
CREATE TABLE table_name(field_name data type(size));
Example:
CREATE TABLE tbl_studentaccount(StudentNumber int(5),
username int(20) Password(10), FirstName varchar(50),
LastName varchar(50), Course varchar(10));

e. ALTER TABLE is a statement used to modify the attributes of the structure of
a table.
• ADD field
Syntax:
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD field_name data type(size);
Example:
ALTER TABLE tbl_studentaccount ADD MiddleInitial varchar (3);

• DROP field
Syntax:
ALTER TABLE table_name DROP field_name data type(size);
Example:
ALTER TABLE tbl_studentaccount DROP MiddleInitial varchar (3);

• CHANGE field
Syntax:
ALTER TABLE table_name CHANGE old_field_name
new_field_name data type(size);
Example:
ALTER TABLE tbl_studentaccount CHANGE username
User_email varchar(20);

EXAMPLE TABLE FOR DML
•tbl_studentaccount

DATA MANIPULATION LANGUAGE
a. INSERT INTO is a statement used to insert data
Syntax:
INSERT INTO table_name(field_name) values(‘value’);
Example:
INSERT INTO tbl_studentaccount(StudentNumber,User_email,
Password,FirstName,LastName,Course)
values(‘1004’,’d@gmail.com,’D’,’Cruz’,’BSE’);

b. DELETE FROM is a statement used to delete data.
Syntax:
DELETE FROM table_name where condition;
Note: Condition is made of fieldname, operator, and
value.
Example:
DELETE FROM tbl_studentaccount where
User_email = ‘d@gmail.com’;
CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING 19
DATA MANIPULATION
LANGUAGE

CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING 20
c. UPDATE TABLE_NAME SET is a statement used to update data in a row
Syntax:
UPDATE TABLE_NAME SET fieldname=’new_value’ where condition;
Note: Condition is made of fieldname, operator, and value.
Example:
UPDATE tbl_studentaccount set Password = ‘root1234’ where
User_email = ‘c@gmail.com’;

d. SELECT is a statement used to retrieve data.
There is two way to Select:
• SELECT * - meaning all fields are included in the result set.
• SELECT specific_field - meaning selected fields may be included in the result set.
Syntax:
SELECT * from table_name; or
SELECT field_name1, field_name2 from table_name
Example:
Select * from studentaccount;
Select password from tbl_studentaccount;

•It is a question represented in a way that the DBMS can
understand.
•In a query, you use the SELECT command.
The Basic SQL Expression clauses are:
1. SELECT clause – it lists all the fields needed in the query result.
2. FROM clause –It list the table involved in the query.
3. WHERE clause –it list all the conditions needed to retrieve data.
QUERY

Structure of Query
SELECT – it lists all the fields needed in the query result.
FROM –It list the table involved in the query.
WHERE –it list all the conditions needed to retrieve data.
Note: the condition is composed of field_name, operator, and
value.

Basic Operators used in WHERE
clause:
a. Comparison Operators – It is used when you want to
compare values to make a decision.

b. Logical Operators – It is used when you want to have two or more
conditions in one statement.
Basic Operators used in WHERE
clause:

Example Table for Query:

•List all book names that belong in the section “Romance” only.
Syntax:
SELECT BOOK_NAME
FROM Book_tbl
WHERE SECTION = “Romance”;
Query question:

In this table, it shows only all book names that
belong in the section “Romance”.
Output:

•List all book names that are written by Rick Riordan.
Syntax:
SELECT BOOK_NAME
FROM Book_tbl
WHERE AUTHOR = “Rick Riordan”;
Query question:

Output:

•List all book names that belong in section “Action” and “Fiction
only”.
Syntax:
SELECT BOOK_NAME
FROM Book_tbl
WHERE SECTION = “Action” AND SECTION = “Fiction”;
Query question:

Output:

It is used to select values within a given range.
Syntax:
SELECT field_name
FROM table_name
WHERE field_name BETWEEN start_value AND end_value;
Example:
SELECT BOOK_NAME, AUTHOR, SECTION
FROM Book_tbl
WHERE BOOK_ID BETWEEN 1 AND 4;
Between Operator

Output:

IN Operator
It is used if you want to specify multiple values.
Syntax:
SELECT field_name
FROM table_name
WHERE field_name IN(value);
Example:
FROM Book_tbl
WHERE BOOK_ID IN(1,3);

Output:

Like Operator
It is used to search for a specified pattern in a column.
% - The percent is used to represents zero, one, or multiple characters
_ - The underscore is used to represents a single character
Syntax:
SELECT field_name
FROM table_name
WHERE field_name LIKE ‘value’;

Here are some patterns that you could use in LIKE
Operator.

Example:
FROM Book_tbl
WHERE AUTHOR LIKE ‘C%’;
Output:

40
REFERENCES
Kenneth C. Loudon, Jane P. Loudon, (2022) Management Information Sytem Managing Digital Firm 7th
Edition
Hossein Bidgoli PH.D.(2021), MIS 10 - Management Information Systems - 10th Ed.
Michael E. Whitman, Herbert J. Mattord (2018) , Management of Information Security
Kathy Schwalbe(2019), Information Technology Project Management
Coronel, C., Morris, S. & Rob. P., (2017).”Database Systems: design, implementation & management”,(12th
edition). Mike and Murach & Associates, Inc: 4340 N, Knoll Ave, Fresno, CA 93722
Elmasri, R., Navathe, S.(2018), “Fundamentals of Database Systems”.(7th edition), Pearson Higher Education,
221 River Street, Hoboken, NJ0703.

41
REFERENCES
Online Sources:
Darwen, H. (2014). “An Introduction to Relational Database Theory”, 4th edition.
www.bookboon.com
Darwen, H. (2014). “Exercises on Relational Database Theory”
www.bookboon.com
Robbins, R. (n.d.). “Database Fundamentals”
www.esp.org/db-fund.pdf
https://www.academia.edu/29196116/Introduction_to_Management_and_Organizations

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