Stuart Browne is a Neuro Rehab specialist from Sydney. These slides accompany a talk he gave at the Brian Symposium in 2023. He discusses what "severe disability" really means.
Severe disability is more common than many realise - about 6% of the Australian population.
Stuart discusses how health is more than simply physical recovery and how it is a multidimensional construct. He covers how permanent disability doesn't necessarily equate to a poor quality of life. He also discusses the long timespan of recovery, which is often much longer than appreciated.
He specifically discusses "Locked-in Syndrome" and how the survivors have surprisingly positive self-reported health-related quality of life and well-being.
Stuart also covers how severely disabled people face various forms of discrimination.
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Browne Neuro symposium.pptx
1.
2. Severe disability following TBI:
what does it mean?
Dr Stuart Browne
Brain Injury Rehabilitation Service, Royal Rehab
3. Case Study: 50M, high-speed MVA 2017
Unrestrained driver; crashed into parked vehicle; major
brain/ skull trauma (extracranial brain herniation)
2 months ICU; multiple complications: EVD/ shunt;
respiratory; DVTs; IVC filter; ventriculitis; PUO;
seizures; fractures; burns
1 year in Brain Injury Rehabilitation Unit: mobility
impairments; ROM restrictions; pain; incontinence;
cognitive impairments; significant psychosocial issues
4.
5. WHOQOL
Domain Sept 2018 June 2019 Feb 2020 Sept 2020 Mar 2023
Physical health 50 25 25 21.4 67.9
Psychological 29.2 25 8.3 29.2 37.5
Social relationships 33.3 33.3 25 25 33.3
Environment 15.6 31.3 37.5 59.4 65.6
6. Current Goals
Watch children grow up and be involved in their lives
To start dating again
To buy his own unit
To ride a motorbike again
7. What can we learn from this?
Health is more than physical recovery
Permanent disability ≠ poor QOL
Recovery can occur gradually over years
Health is a multi-dimensional construct
9. Severe disability is common
18% Aust population have disability (~4.4 mil)
32% of those have severe disability (~ 1.4 mil)
23% of people with disability have behavioural / mental
problems (~1 mil)
22% Aust population have long-term health condition
without disability (~5.5 mil)
AIHW report 2022
Australian Bureau of Statistics’ (ABS) 2018 Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers (SDAC)
10. Disability (AIHW 2022)
At least one of a list of limitations, restrictions or impairments, which has
lasted, or is likely to last, for at least 6 months and restricts everyday
activities.
Limitations grouped into 10 activities associated with daily living:
People with disability may experience restriction or difficulty in schooling and
employment.
Self-care
Mobility
Communication
Cognitive or emotional tasks
Health care
Reading or writing tasks
Transport
Household chores
Property maintenance
Meal preparation
11. Severity of disability (AIHW 2022)
Person needs help, has difficulty, or uses aids or
equipment with 3 core activities
Self-care
Mobility
Communication
Grouped into mild, moderate, severe, and profound
limitation
12. Glasgow Outcome Scale - Extended
Lower Severe Disability (= GOSE 3):
Assistance of another person at home is essential every day for some
activities of daily living
Upper Severe Disability (= GOSE 4):
Can look after self at home up to 8 hrs during day
Can’t shop without assistance
Can’t travel locally without assistance
16. Environment & disability (AIHW 2022)
Difficulty with community
access
Isolation 3-4x more
prevalent for people with
severe disability (esp
psychosocial and
intellectual disability)
Personal safety concerns
17. Areas of discrimination
Education – 36.8%
Employment & income (assoc. with work avoidance)
Access to facilities & services (eg 43% medical facility)
Public transport
Using steps 34%; facing fear or anxiety 32%; getting to stops or stations 21%, finding a
seat or standing 20%
Service provider access 28% (cf 20% without disability)
Centrelink/Medicare/Family Assistance Office 50%; hospitals 29%; banks 28%
18. Weighing the effect of severe disability
Increased difficulties for
people with severe
disability, but many have
positive life experiences
Environmental and social
aspects contribute to
negative experiences
Prognostication needs to
be carefully considered
Health Condition
(disorder/disease)
Environmental
Factors
Personal
Factors
Body F&S
(Impairment)
Activities
(Limitation)
Participation
(Restriction)