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DÖNÜŞTÜRÜCÜ SQL
FONKSİYONLARI
Dönüştürücü SQL Fonksiyonları
TO_CHAR FONKSİYONLARI
Sayısal verileri ve tarih-saat (DATE veya
TIMESTAMP) değerlerini karakter veri türüne çevirmek
üzere kullanılmaktadır.
Söz dizimi şöyle olacaktır:
TO_CHAR (tarih_verisi, biçim_maskesi)
TO_CHAR FONKSİYONLARI
ÖRNEK:
SELECT employee_id, TO_CHAR(hire_date, 'DAY/MON/YYYY') Month_Hired
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'King';
-- hire_date görünümü ile alakalı değişimler yapabiliriz.
TO_CHAR FONKSİYONLARI
Oracle veritabanına
“Günün tam adını küçük
harflerle, ay adının üç
harfini küçük harflerle
ve yılı da dört haneli
sayıyla gösteren
komutu vermiştir.”
TO_CHAR FONKSİYONLARI
SELECT TO__CHAR (SYSDATE, ' DD-MON-YYYY Day')
FROM DUAL;
Bu sorgu ise sistem tarihinin yanı sıra sistem saatini
Saat:Dakika:Saniye biçiminde döndürecektir.
Örneğin: “22-03-10 15:36:44” gibi bir sonuç görülecektir.
TO_CHAR FONKSİYONLARI
Sayısal verileri karaktere çevirmek üzere
kullanılacak TO_CHAR fonksiyonunun söz dizimi şu
şekildedir.
TO_CHAR (say_sal_yeri, biçim maskesi)
TO_NUMBER FONKSİYONLARI
Karakter alan olarak tanımlanmış bir sütunun
içerdiği sayısal değerleri, sayısal veri türüne
dönüştürmek için TO_NUMBER() fonksiyonu
kullanılır. Bu fonksiyon şu şekilde tanımlanır:
TO_NUMBER(karakter_verisi,’biçim_maskesi’)
TO_NUMBER FONKSİYONLARI
Örneklerle devam edelim :
SELECT TO_NUMBER('123.456', '999.999')
FROM DUAL;
Buradaki biçim maskesinde ilk üç hanenin alınması
gerektiğini ve ardından ondalıklı bölümün geldiğini
ve ondalıklı bölümün de üç haneden oluştuğunu bildiriyoruz.
TO_DATE FONKSİYONLARI
Karakter dizisi olarak saklanan ifadeleri tarih
bilgisine çevirmek söz konusu olduğunda
TO_DATE fonksiyonuna başvurulur.
TO_DATE FONKSİYONLARI
TO_DATE(karakter_verisi,’biçim_maskesi’)
NOT : Biçim maskeleri TO_CHAR’da kullandıgımız
tarih-zaman biçim maskelerininkiyle aynıdır.
TO_DATE FONKSİYONLARI
SELECT LAST_NAME,HIRE_DATE FROM EMPLOYEESWHERE
HIRE_DATE > to_date('01-01-97','DD-MM-RR');
--belirli formatta girmemiz gereken tarih formatını bilmediğimiz
için istediğimiz şekle sokup sorguladık
ORACLE
TEŞEKKÜRLER

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