Gambling as a betting action – wagering money or something of material value on an event with an uncertain outcome with the primary intent of winning additional money or material goods. A guide about what is gambling (with a special section for online gambling), casino games with both beatable casino games (poker , blackjack, video poker with progressive jackpot, pai gow poker, betting, horse racing – parimutuel, slot machines and other gambling machines) and unbeatable casino games (baccarat, craps, roulette, keno, casino war, faro, pachinko, sic bo, let it ride, 3-card poker, 4-card poker, red dog, Caribbean stud poker, etc.), and non-casino gambling games (bingo, lottery, mahjong, backgammon, bridge, etc.). Fixed-odds gambling in sports is also present in this book with horse racing, greyhound racing, football (particularly association football, American football and rugby), golf, tennis, cricket, baseball, basketball, ice hockey, snooker, motor sports, boxing, darts, cross-country skiing and biathlon. Please, don’t forget to take a look to the legality of the gambling and online gambling, as well as to the articles, warnings and links dedicated to the gambling addiction. Extreme cases of problem gambling may cross over into the realm of mental disorders.

2. A Gambling Guide
Nicolae Sfetcu
Published by Nicolae Sfetcu
© 2021 Nicolae Sfetcu

3. The book is made by organizing Telework articles (main sources: my own articles, Wikipedia under
the CC BY-SA 3.0 license adapted by Nicolae Sfetcu, and other sources). Text license: CC BY-SA 3.0
The information in this book (licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License) is from 2006
and has not been updated.
DISCLAIMER:
The author and publisher are providing this book and its contents on an “as is” basis and
make no representations or warranties of any kind with respect to this book or its contents.
The author and publisher disclaim all such representations and warranties for a particular
purpose. In addition, the author and publisher do not represent or warrant that the
information accessible via this book is accurate, complete or current.
Except as specifically stated in this book, neither the author or publisher, nor any authors,
contributors, or other representatives will be liable for damages arising out of or in
connection with the use of this book. This is a comprehensive limitation of liability that
applies to all damages of any kind, including (without limitation) compensatory; direct,
indirect or consequential damages, including for third parties.
You understand that this book is not intended as a substitute for consultation with a licensed,
educational, legal or finance professional. Before you use it in any way, you will consult a
licensed professional to ensure that you are doing what’s best for your situation.
This book provides content related to educational topics. As such, use of this book implies
your acceptance of this disclaimer.

4. Contents
A Gambling Guide ..........................................................................................................................................1
A Gambling Guide ....................................................................................................................................... 42
Gambling ........................................................................................................................................................ 43
Legal aspects ....................................................................................................................................... 43
Psychological aspects....................................................................................................................... 44
Types of gambling............................................................................................................................. 44
Staking systems.................................................................................................................................. 50
List of notable wagers...................................................................................................................... 51
Associated word usage.................................................................................................................... 51
See also.................................................................................................................................................. 51
Bibliography........................................................................................................................................ 52
"Beatable" casino games ..................................................................................................................... 52
Horse racing............................................................................................................................................. 52
Forms of horse racing...................................................................................................................... 53
Horse racing in North America .................................................................................................... 53
Horse racing in Australia................................................................................................................ 54
Horse racing in Europe ................................................................................................................... 54
Pedigree ................................................................................................................................................ 54
Betting ................................................................................................................................................... 54
Handicapping........................................................................................................................................... 54
The practice in action ...................................................................................................................... 55
Notes....................................................................................................................................................... 57
References............................................................................................................................................ 57
"Unbeatable" casino games................................................................................................................ 58
Non-casino gambling games.............................................................................................................. 58
Mahjong ..................................................................................................................................................... 58
History................................................................................................................................................... 60
Variants................................................................................................................................................. 62
International rules............................................................................................................................ 62
Equipment............................................................................................................................................ 63

5. Setting up the board......................................................................................................................... 64
Gameplay.............................................................................................................................................. 65
Scoring................................................................................................................................................... 69
Trivia...................................................................................................................................................... 70
References............................................................................................................................................ 71
Footnotes.............................................................................................................................................. 71
Card games ............................................................................................................................................... 71
The deck or pack................................................................................................................................ 72
The deal................................................................................................................................................. 72
The rules ............................................................................................................................................... 73
Types of card games......................................................................................................................... 75
See also.................................................................................................................................................. 80
Playing card.............................................................................................................................................. 80
History................................................................................................................................................... 80
Playing cards today........................................................................................................................... 85
Playing card symbols in Unicode ................................................................................................ 89
See also.................................................................................................................................................. 90
References............................................................................................................................................ 90
Liar's poker............................................................................................................................................... 90
The book ............................................................................................................................................... 91
Bourré......................................................................................................................................................... 91
Object ..................................................................................................................................................... 91
Rules....................................................................................................................................................... 91
Variations ............................................................................................................................................. 93
Resources ............................................................................................................................................. 93
Bridge.......................................................................................................................................................... 94
Game play............................................................................................................................................. 95
History................................................................................................................................................... 99
Tournaments....................................................................................................................................... 99
Game Strategy...................................................................................................................................101
Play techniques ................................................................................................................................102
Example...............................................................................................................................................105
Bridge on the Internet...................................................................................................................106

6. Computer Bridge .............................................................................................................................107
References..........................................................................................................................................107
Game play...........................................................................................................................................107
Piquet........................................................................................................................................................109
History.................................................................................................................................................109
Rules.....................................................................................................................................................110
Background........................................................................................................................................114
Thirty-one ...............................................................................................................................................115
Details of play ...................................................................................................................................115
Common variations of Thirty-one ............................................................................................116
Three card brag.....................................................................................................................................117
Rules.....................................................................................................................................................117
Hand ranks.........................................................................................................................................117
Betting .................................................................................................................................................118
Shuffling..............................................................................................................................................118
Coin-tossing............................................................................................................................................118
History of coin flipping..................................................................................................................119
The process of coin flipping ........................................................................................................119
Coin flipping in dispute resolution...........................................................................................120
Physics of coin flipping..................................................................................................................121
Coin flipping in fiction ...................................................................................................................122
Number-theoretic version of "flipping"..................................................................................122
Counterintuitive properties ........................................................................................................123
See also................................................................................................................................................123
References..........................................................................................................................................123
Head and Tail.........................................................................................................................................124
See also................................................................................................................................................124
Razzle........................................................................................................................................................125
Fixed-odds gambling...........................................................................................................................125
Calculating fixed odds....................................................................................................................126
Types of odds offered ....................................................................................................................126
See also................................................................................................................................................127
Greyhound racing.................................................................................................................................128

7. History.................................................................................................................................................128
Greyhound racing today ...............................................................................................................129
Treatment of racing dogs .............................................................................................................129
Jai alai........................................................................................................................................................131
Rules and Play...................................................................................................................................132
Geographic distribution................................................................................................................132
Football ....................................................................................................................................................133
History.................................................................................................................................................134
The establishment of modern codes of football..................................................................137
Football today...................................................................................................................................145
References..........................................................................................................................................149
Soccer........................................................................................................................................................150
Nature of the game..........................................................................................................................150
History and development.............................................................................................................151
Laws of the Game ............................................................................................................................152
Governing bodies.............................................................................................................................157
Major international competitions.............................................................................................157
Domestic competitions..................................................................................................................158
Names of the game..........................................................................................................................158
References..........................................................................................................................................159
Further reading................................................................................................................................159
American football.................................................................................................................................159
Popularity...........................................................................................................................................161
The rules of American football...................................................................................................161
The players ........................................................................................................................................167
Basic football strategy ...................................................................................................................168
Physicality of the game .................................................................................................................169
Development of the game ............................................................................................................170
Problems in football.......................................................................................................................171
Leagues, Organizations, and Associations.............................................................................171
Footnotes............................................................................................................................................174
Golf.............................................................................................................................................................174
Anatomy of a golf course..............................................................................................................175

8. Play of the game...............................................................................................................................176
Handicap systems............................................................................................................................179
Golf rules and other regulations................................................................................................179
Golf course architecture and design ........................................................................................180
Hitting a golf ball..............................................................................................................................181
Equipment..........................................................................................................................................185
History.................................................................................................................................................186
Social aspects of golf.......................................................................................................................188
Golfing countries..............................................................................................................................189
Professional golf ..............................................................................................................................190
Environmental impact...................................................................................................................191
Etymology ..........................................................................................................................................192
Golf Movies.........................................................................................................................................192
Tennis.......................................................................................................................................................193
Manner of play..................................................................................................................................194
Shots.....................................................................................................................................................198
Tournaments.....................................................................................................................................200
History.................................................................................................................................................200
Great Players.....................................................................................................................................202
The Greatest Player of All Time.................................................................................................203
The Great Doubles Players...........................................................................................................204
Notes.....................................................................................................................................................205
Sources ................................................................................................................................................205
Cricket.......................................................................................................................................................205
Objective and results......................................................................................................................207
Laws of cricket..................................................................................................................................207
History.................................................................................................................................................215
Forms of cricket ...............................................................................................................................216
International structure..................................................................................................................218
References..........................................................................................................................................218
Baseball....................................................................................................................................................218
History.................................................................................................................................................219
Gameplay............................................................................................................................................222

9. Other personnel...............................................................................................................................233
Baseball's unique style..................................................................................................................233
Statistics..............................................................................................................................................235
Popularity...........................................................................................................................................236
Organized leagues...........................................................................................................................236
Footnotes............................................................................................................................................238
References..........................................................................................................................................238
Basketball................................................................................................................................................239
History.................................................................................................................................................240
Rules and regulations ....................................................................................................................244
Common techniques and practices ..........................................................................................247
Variations and similar games .....................................................................................................250
References..........................................................................................................................................250
Ice hockey................................................................................................................................................250
History.................................................................................................................................................251
Equipment..........................................................................................................................................254
Game.....................................................................................................................................................254
Penalties..............................................................................................................................................255
Tactics..................................................................................................................................................256
Periods and overtime.....................................................................................................................257
Women's ice hockey.......................................................................................................................258
Sledge hockey ...................................................................................................................................258
International competition............................................................................................................259
Hockey in popular culture ...........................................................................................................260
Attendance Records .......................................................................................................................261
Number of registered players by Countries..........................................................................261
Notes.....................................................................................................................................................262
Rugby........................................................................................................................................................262
Rugby league and rugby union...................................................................................................262
Rules.....................................................................................................................................................263
History.................................................................................................................................................263
Culture.................................................................................................................................................265
Games descended from Rugby School rules .........................................................................266

10. See also................................................................................................................................................267
Snooker....................................................................................................................................................267
History.................................................................................................................................................268
Governing body................................................................................................................................269
The game ............................................................................................................................................270
Tournaments.....................................................................................................................................274
References..........................................................................................................................................275
Motor sports...........................................................................................................................................275
History.................................................................................................................................................275
Regulations ........................................................................................................................................276
Categories...........................................................................................................................................276
Use of flags .........................................................................................................................................280
Boxing.......................................................................................................................................................281
Origins..................................................................................................................................................282
Olympic boxing.................................................................................................................................283
Professional boxing ........................................................................................................................285
Equipment..........................................................................................................................................287
Technique...........................................................................................................................................287
Boxing styles .....................................................................................................................................291
Famous boxers .................................................................................................................................294
International Boxing Hall of Fame............................................................................................297
Medical concerns.............................................................................................................................297
Governing bodies.............................................................................................................................298
Impact of boxing on the English language.............................................................................299
Boxing in popular culture ............................................................................................................300
References..........................................................................................................................................302
Notes.....................................................................................................................................................302
Darts..........................................................................................................................................................302
Dart boards........................................................................................................................................303
Soft tip boards and darts ..............................................................................................................305
Playing darts......................................................................................................................................305
Betting .................................................................................................................................................307
Famous players................................................................................................................................307

11. See also................................................................................................................................................308
Cross-country skiing...........................................................................................................................308
A hobby and a sport........................................................................................................................309
History.................................................................................................................................................310
Equipment: Skis and poles...........................................................................................................310
Equipment: Bindings/boots........................................................................................................311
Waxes...................................................................................................................................................312
Styles/Techniques ..........................................................................................................................314
Summer skiing..................................................................................................................................316
Notes.....................................................................................................................................................316
Biathlon....................................................................................................................................................317
Concise history.................................................................................................................................318
Governing body................................................................................................................................318
Champions .........................................................................................................................................318
Rules and equipment .....................................................................................................................319
Competition format........................................................................................................................320
Biathlon venues................................................................................................................................322
Other Biathlon variants.................................................................................................................322
Notes.....................................................................................................................................................322
Prediction market................................................................................................................................322
Theoretical challenges...................................................................................................................323
Commercial interest.......................................................................................................................325
Scratchcards...........................................................................................................................................325
Online scratch card..............................................................................................................................326
Online Scratch Cards......................................................................................................................326
Legality................................................................................................................................................326
Online scratch card types.............................................................................................................326
Web-based online scratch cards................................................................................................326
Download based online scratch cards.....................................................................................326
Games offered...................................................................................................................................327
Bonuses...............................................................................................................................................327
Player Fraud......................................................................................................................................327
Confidence trick....................................................................................................................................327

12. Origin of the term............................................................................................................................328
Well-known confidence tricks....................................................................................................328
Extra finesse......................................................................................................................................332
Famous convicted and alleged con artists.............................................................................333
Quotations..........................................................................................................................................334
References..........................................................................................................................................334
Shell game...............................................................................................................................................335
The Play...............................................................................................................................................335
History.................................................................................................................................................337
Current practice in Europe..........................................................................................................337
Other meanings................................................................................................................................337
See also................................................................................................................................................338
Three card monte.................................................................................................................................338
Rules.....................................................................................................................................................338
Drawing a player in ........................................................................................................................338
How it's really done........................................................................................................................339
Historic................................................................................................................................................340
See also................................................................................................................................................340
Reference............................................................................................................................................340
Mobile gambling...................................................................................................................................340
Sources ................................................................................................................................................340
Online gambling....................................................................................................................................341
Online poker......................................................................................................................................341
Online casinos...................................................................................................................................341
Online sports betting .....................................................................................................................341
Online bingo ......................................................................................................................................342
Mobile gambling ..............................................................................................................................342
Funds transfers ................................................................................................................................342
General legal issues ........................................................................................................................342
Problem gambling...........................................................................................................................343
Gambling regulation............................................................................................................................343
Bingo..............................................................................................................................................................344
Bingo (US)...............................................................................................................................................344

13. Description of the game................................................................................................................344
Bingo Cards........................................................................................................................................345
Culture.................................................................................................................................................345
History.................................................................................................................................................345
The business of bingo ....................................................................................................................346
Alternate variations........................................................................................................................346
Bingo (card game)................................................................................................................................347
Bingo card...............................................................................................................................................347
U.S. Bingo Cards ...............................................................................................................................347
U.K. Bingo Cards...............................................................................................................................348
Other Types of Cards......................................................................................................................348
See also................................................................................................................................................348
Flimsies....................................................................................................................................................348
See also................................................................................................................................................349
Buzzword bingo....................................................................................................................................349
Housie.......................................................................................................................................................349
Description of the Game ...............................................................................................................350
Business Aspect................................................................................................................................351
Calling nicknames (UK Bingo)....................................................................................................351
Usage of Bingo nicknames in the UK........................................................................................352
Trivia....................................................................................................................................................353
Keno...........................................................................................................................................................353
History.................................................................................................................................................354
Modern keno.....................................................................................................................................354
Online bingo...........................................................................................................................................355
Getting started..................................................................................................................................356
Depositing ..........................................................................................................................................356
How to play........................................................................................................................................356
Chat & the CM ...................................................................................................................................356
90 Ball versus 75 Ball ....................................................................................................................357
Bingo networks................................................................................................................................357
Online bingo in the UK...................................................................................................................357
Software providers.........................................................................................................................358

14. Blackjack ......................................................................................................................................................359
Rules.....................................................................................................................................................359
Insurance............................................................................................................................................361
Basic strategy....................................................................................................................................362
Basic strategy tables.......................................................................................................................362
Shuffle tracking ................................................................................................................................364
Variants...............................................................................................................................................365
References..........................................................................................................................................365
Card counting.........................................................................................................................................366
How card counting works in blackjack...................................................................................366
History of blackjack card counting...........................................................................................367
Countermeasures against blackjack card-counters...........................................................368
See also................................................................................................................................................370
Chinese Blackjack.................................................................................................................................370
Dealing.................................................................................................................................................371
Point counting rules .......................................................................................................................371
Checking for Blackjack ..................................................................................................................371
The players' turns ...........................................................................................................................372
The dealer's turn .............................................................................................................................372
Double Attack Blackjack....................................................................................................................373
Double Exposure Blackjack..............................................................................................................373
Kelly criterion........................................................................................................................................373
Cited References..............................................................................................................................374
MindPlay..................................................................................................................................................374
Seven twenty-seven ............................................................................................................................375
Spanish 21...............................................................................................................................................376
Ten and a half ........................................................................................................................................377
Rules.....................................................................................................................................................377
Dice games...................................................................................................................................................379
Dice Games.........................................................................................................................................379
Collectible Dice Games ..................................................................................................................379
Backgammon .........................................................................................................................................380
History.................................................................................................................................................381

15. Rules.....................................................................................................................................................381
Five Basic Strategies.......................................................................................................................385
Sample game .....................................................................................................................................386
Backgammon as a gambling game............................................................................................386
Backgammon in the Middle East and Central Asia.............................................................387
Other variants...................................................................................................................................388
Computer backgammon................................................................................................................390
Battle dice................................................................................................................................................391
What it is.............................................................................................................................................391
Purchasing..........................................................................................................................................391
The Game............................................................................................................................................391
Marvel Set 1.......................................................................................................................................391
Marvel Set 2.......................................................................................................................................392
DC Set 1 ...............................................................................................................................................392
Bau cua ca cop .......................................................................................................................................392
Big and small..........................................................................................................................................392
Rules.....................................................................................................................................................393
Bunco........................................................................................................................................................393
Button Men.............................................................................................................................................394
Background and history ...............................................................................................................394
Gameplay............................................................................................................................................395
Strategy and the meta-game .......................................................................................................396
Cee-lo ........................................................................................................................................................397
Common variations ........................................................................................................................398
Chingona..................................................................................................................................................398
Cho-han bakuchi...................................................................................................................................398
Chuck-a-luck...........................................................................................................................................399
Cootie........................................................................................................................................................399
Cosmic Wimpout ..................................................................................................................................400
Craps .........................................................................................................................................................400
The basic game.................................................................................................................................401
Types of craps bets .........................................................................................................................402
Etiquette..............................................................................................................................................406

16. Odds......................................................................................................................................................408
Optimal Betting / Bad Bets..........................................................................................................408
Systems................................................................................................................................................410
Miscellaneous....................................................................................................................................411
See also................................................................................................................................................411
Crown and anchor................................................................................................................................412
Variations ...........................................................................................................................................412
Dice............................................................................................................................................................412
Ordinary dice ....................................................................................................................................413
Terms...................................................................................................................................................414
Cubical dice with faces representing values other than digits 1 through 6 .............417
Non-cubical dice ..............................................................................................................................418
Dice notation.....................................................................................................................................421
Use of dice for divination..............................................................................................................422
See also................................................................................................................................................422
References..........................................................................................................................................422
Dice 10000..............................................................................................................................................424
Equipment..........................................................................................................................................424
Play........................................................................................................................................................424
Scoring and Sets...............................................................................................................................425
Winning...............................................................................................................................................425
Dice control ............................................................................................................................................426
Diceland...................................................................................................................................................426
Diceland (tile based game) ..........................................................................................................426
Diceland (collectible dice game)................................................................................................427
Don't Go To Jail......................................................................................................................................427
Dragon Dice............................................................................................................................................427
Overview.............................................................................................................................................428
Dudo..........................................................................................................................................................432
Game play...........................................................................................................................................432
The aces...............................................................................................................................................433
"Obliging" rounds............................................................................................................................433
The Dudo terminology in Spanish ............................................................................................433

17. Farkel........................................................................................................................................................434
Equipment..........................................................................................................................................434
Play........................................................................................................................................................435
Scoring and Sets...............................................................................................................................436
Winning...............................................................................................................................................437
Hazard ......................................................................................................................................................437
Rules.....................................................................................................................................................437
Betting .................................................................................................................................................438
Craps and Hazard............................................................................................................................439
Kismet.......................................................................................................................................................439
Game contents..................................................................................................................................439
Overview of the rules.....................................................................................................................439
Kuriki ........................................................................................................................................................441
Kuriki....................................................................................................................................................442
Variations ...........................................................................................................................................445
Liar's dice ................................................................................................................................................446
Rules (common hand) ...................................................................................................................446
Rules (individual hand) ................................................................................................................448
Rules (Mexican) ...............................................................................................................................451
See also................................................................................................................................................453
Mia..............................................................................................................................................................453
Equipment..........................................................................................................................................453
Play........................................................................................................................................................453
Scoring.................................................................................................................................................454
Strategy ...............................................................................................................................................454
Mexico.......................................................................................................................................................455
Equipment..........................................................................................................................................455
Play........................................................................................................................................................455
Scoring.................................................................................................................................................456
Strategy and odds............................................................................................................................457
Coming up "Mexico" .......................................................................................................................457
Ties........................................................................................................................................................458
Mr. Three.................................................................................................................................................459

18. West Coast Rules .............................................................................................................................460
Midwest Rules ..................................................................................................................................460
Statistics..............................................................................................................................................462
Alternate Rules.................................................................................................................................463
The Hat ................................................................................................................................................464
Passe-dix..................................................................................................................................................464
Petals Around the Rose......................................................................................................................465
Pig...............................................................................................................................................................465
Basic Rules .........................................................................................................................................466
Teaching Mathematics and Computer Science ....................................................................466
Optimal Play......................................................................................................................................467
Rule Variations.................................................................................................................................467
Jeopardy Dice Games .....................................................................................................................468
Shut the Box ...........................................................................................................................................468
Play........................................................................................................................................................469
Rules.....................................................................................................................................................469
Variants...............................................................................................................................................469
History.................................................................................................................................................470
Trivia....................................................................................................................................................470
Sic bo.........................................................................................................................................................470
History.................................................................................................................................................471
Tablero da Gucci...................................................................................................................................471
History.................................................................................................................................................471
Basic Rules of the Game................................................................................................................472
Tournament Play.............................................................................................................................474
Important Notes...............................................................................................................................474
Threes.......................................................................................................................................................475
Rules of the game ............................................................................................................................475
Under Over..............................................................................................................................................476
Yahtzee.....................................................................................................................................................476
Overview of the Rules....................................................................................................................477
Upper Section....................................................................................................................................477
Lower Section ...................................................................................................................................478

19. Game Play...........................................................................................................................................478
Yahtzees and bonus chips............................................................................................................478
Game Played Solitaire....................................................................................................................478
History.................................................................................................................................................479
Evolution of the Game Packaging..............................................................................................480
1961......................................................................................................................................................480
1967......................................................................................................................................................481
1972......................................................................................................................................................482
1973......................................................................................................................................................483
1978......................................................................................................................................................484
1980......................................................................................................................................................484
1982......................................................................................................................................................484
Related Games..................................................................................................................................485
Other.....................................................................................................................................................485
Zonk...........................................................................................................................................................485
Equipment required:......................................................................................................................486
Terms used in gameplay: .............................................................................................................486
Game Play:..........................................................................................................................................486
The dice NEVER lie:........................................................................................................................489
The Flow:............................................................................................................................................489
House Rules:......................................................................................................................................489
Extra Scoring Rules.........................................................................................................................491
Dirty tricks:........................................................................................................................................492
Lottery...........................................................................................................................................................494
Countries with a national lottery ..............................................................................................495
Country Lottery details.................................................................................................................496
Probability of winning...................................................................................................................498
Notable prizes...................................................................................................................................499
Payment of prizes............................................................................................................................500
Scams and Frauds............................................................................................................................500
See also................................................................................................................................................500
Lottery card games..............................................................................................................................501
Basset........................................................................................................................................................501

20. Blind_Hookey.........................................................................................................................................503
Alternative method.........................................................................................................................504
Faro............................................................................................................................................................504
Rules.....................................................................................................................................................505
History.................................................................................................................................................506
Literary fiction..................................................................................................................................506
Movies..................................................................................................................................................506
References..........................................................................................................................................507
Fuck the Dealer.....................................................................................................................................507
The rules .............................................................................................................................................507
Hollywood Poker..................................................................................................................................508
Equipment..........................................................................................................................................508
Players.................................................................................................................................................508
Game Play...........................................................................................................................................508
End Of Game......................................................................................................................................509
Kot bo sitah.............................................................................................................................................509
4-Digits.....................................................................................................................................................509
Methods of Play................................................................................................................................510
Bovine bingo ..........................................................................................................................................510
Jueteng......................................................................................................................................................511
Scandals...............................................................................................................................................511
Lottery jackpot records .....................................................................................................................511
U.S.A. lotteries...................................................................................................................................512
European lotteries ..........................................................................................................................513
Lottery Mathematics...........................................................................................................................513
Calculation explained in choosing 6 from 6 of 49...............................................................514
Odds of getting other scores in choosing 6 from 49..........................................................514
Powerballs And Bonus Balls .......................................................................................................515
Mega number.........................................................................................................................................515
Numbers game ......................................................................................................................................516
Payout..................................................................................................................................................517
Punchboard ............................................................................................................................................517
History.................................................................................................................................................518

21. Decline in use....................................................................................................................................518
Popular again....................................................................................................................................518
After the war .....................................................................................................................................518
Larceny................................................................................................................................................518
Other references in popular culture ........................................................................................519
Raffle .........................................................................................................................................................519
Sweepstakes...........................................................................................................................................519
Etymology ..........................................................................................................................................520
Sweepstakes on the Internet ......................................................................................................521
Video Lottery Terminal......................................................................................................................521
Canada .................................................................................................................................................522
United States .....................................................................................................................................522
Other terminology...........................................................................................................................523
See also................................................................................................................................................523
Poker..............................................................................................................................................................524
Game play...........................................................................................................................................524
History.................................................................................................................................................525
Quotations..........................................................................................................................................526
See also................................................................................................................................................527
References..........................................................................................................................................527
Poker gameplay and terminology..................................................................................................528
Poker hands............................................................................................................................................528
General rules.....................................................................................................................................528
Ranking of hands.............................................................................................................................529
Variations ...........................................................................................................................................530
See also................................................................................................................................................531
Rank of hands ........................................................................................................................................531
Standard ranking.............................................................................................................................531
Low-poker ranking.........................................................................................................................535
See also................................................................................................................................................538
List of slang names for poker hands.............................................................................................538
Individual card slang......................................................................................................................539
Five-card hand slang......................................................................................................................539

22. Texas hold'em slang.......................................................................................................................540
Omaha slang......................................................................................................................................543
Flop slang............................................................................................................................................543
Dead man's hand..................................................................................................................................543
The hand in popular culture .......................................................................................................544
Adapting to 7-card games............................................................................................................545
Dominating hand..................................................................................................................................545
Drawing hand ........................................................................................................................................546
See also................................................................................................................................................546
Made hand...............................................................................................................................................546
Non-standard poker hand.................................................................................................................547
Cats and dogs ....................................................................................................................................549
Kilters...................................................................................................................................................549
See also................................................................................................................................................549
Nut hand ..................................................................................................................................................549
Pocket Aces.............................................................................................................................................550
Starting hand..........................................................................................................................................550
See also................................................................................................................................................551
Poker jargon...........................................................................................................................................551
A .............................................................................................................................................................551
B .............................................................................................................................................................553
C..............................................................................................................................................................559
D.............................................................................................................................................................563
E..............................................................................................................................................................567
F..............................................................................................................................................................567
G .............................................................................................................................................................571
H.............................................................................................................................................................571
I...............................................................................................................................................................574
J...............................................................................................................................................................575
K .............................................................................................................................................................575
L..............................................................................................................................................................576
M ............................................................................................................................................................577
N.............................................................................................................................................................577

23. O.............................................................................................................................................................578
P..............................................................................................................................................................579
Q.............................................................................................................................................................581
R .............................................................................................................................................................581
S..............................................................................................................................................................583
T .............................................................................................................................................................586
U.............................................................................................................................................................587
V .............................................................................................................................................................587
W............................................................................................................................................................588
Aggression ..............................................................................................................................................589
See also................................................................................................................................................589
Bad beat...................................................................................................................................................589
Reacting to bad beats.....................................................................................................................590
Bad beat jackpot ..............................................................................................................................590
Betting......................................................................................................................................................591
Procedure...........................................................................................................................................592
Forced bets.........................................................................................................................................594
Straddle bets .....................................................................................................................................598
Limits ...................................................................................................................................................598
Table stakes rules............................................................................................................................601
See also................................................................................................................................................605
Notes.....................................................................................................................................................605
Big bet.......................................................................................................................................................605
Statistical Analysis ..........................................................................................................................606
Examples.............................................................................................................................................606
Blind..........................................................................................................................................................607
Bluff ...........................................................................................................................................................607
Pure Bluff............................................................................................................................................608
Semi-bluff ...........................................................................................................................................608
Bluffing circumstances..................................................................................................................608
Optimal bluffing frequency..........................................................................................................609
Bluff (the game) ...............................................................................................................................609
See also................................................................................................................................................609