Binary JSON (BSON)
MongoDB represents JSON documents in binary-encoded format called BSON behind the scenes. BSON extends the JSON model to provide additional data types and to be efficient for encoding and decoding within different languages.
MongoDB, BSON, and JSON
The MongoDB BSON implementation is lightweight, fast and highly traversable. Like JSON, MongoDB's BSON implementation supports embedding objects and arrays within other objects and arrays – MongoDB can even "reach inside" BSON objects to build indexes and match objects against query expressions on both top-level and nested BSON keys. This means that MongoDB gives users the ease of use and flexibility of JSON documents together with the speed and richness of a lightweight binary format.
https://www.mongodb.com/json-and-bson
$project Past de documenten aan
$match Filtert de documenten
$redact Past documenten aan op basis van het document zelf
$limit Limiteert het aantal documenten
$skip Slaat de eerste X aantal documenten over
$unwind Deconstrueert arrays
$group Groepeert de documenten
$sort Sorteert de documenten
$geoNear Documenten die bij een GEO punt liggen
$out Schrijft de output weg
http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/aggregation-pipeline/