Project Zero JavaOne 2008

The Duke and the Elephant: PHP meets
JavaTM Technology. The best of both
worlds.
Rob Nicholson
.
IBM Senior Technical Staff Member

Agenda

Whys and Whats of PHP on the Java Virtual Machine
(JVM™) software

How we mix PHP, Java platform and Groovy

Demonstration of PHP and Java Platform Interaction

ProjectZero Community

© 2008 IBM Corporation
2008 JavaOneSM Conference | java.sun.com/javaone | 2

Agenda

(JVM™) software





Why PHP?
PHP present on 20M+ web domains (34% of internet)
• Validated by significant web properties
PHP snippets and extensions exist to do almost anything
Language has evolved in open source
• Survival of the simplest and fastest
Simple syntax and dynamic typing encourage situational applications

Gartner (Dec 2007) TIOBE Programming Community Index (March 2008)

• PHP Developers to grow from 3
to 5.5 million by 2013
• PHP Developers in Commercial
or Corporate IT to grow from
13% to 60% by 2013
• “Pay special attention to
opportunities to leverage PHP in
combination with Java
development efforts”

Introducing WebSphere sMash
WebSphere sMash is an Agile Web Application Platform
• Architected around Dynamic Scripting, REST, Rich Web Interfaces,
AJAX, and Feeds
• Optimized for
• Speed
• Simplicity
• Agility
Key Scenarios
• Enables developers to build web 2.0-style applications by easily pulling in,
composing, and “cobbling together” pre-existing assets (PHP assets, services,
feeds, code snippets) using dynamic scripting languages and simple
consumption principles based on REST
• Leverages existing SOA investments by enabling rapid development of dynamic
web applications that are assembled from enterprise assets and publicly
available APIs
System language is Java platform
Application languages are and
• Contains a PHP 5 interpreter written in Java programming language


Project Zero
Incubating the Technology
Project Zero is the development and incubation
community for WebSphere sMash
• Live on the Internet since June 2007

Project Zero represents
• The people that build and use WebSphere sMash
• The incubation of new technology that will deliver in future versions of
WebSphere sMash
• The community of 3rd party assets that leverage the WebSphere sMash platform

All released versions are called WebSphere sMash


The Duke and the Elephpant

© Hideyuki Shimooka


Top Level Architecture
App components

Runtime
Dojo Events

PHP
HTTP server
app
Browser
REST
Global
Context

Runtime
app

Groovy
Local repository
Package
JavaTM app
Remote repository Manager

Remote repository Zero Application

Loose coupling: Java Virtual Machine

• Event driven architecture
• Global Context
• Virtual Directories

PHP Runtime Architecture
CLI PZ Http
PHP Scripts
• Runtime for PHP 5 scripts
SAPI-J
• Implemented in Java code, runs on any Java
platform 5.0+ VM
PHP Engine • PHP language elements represented as Java code
Variables
Parser
Cache objects

Debug (DBGp)
Stack IR
P8 Runtime
• Parse script to Intermediate Representation (IR)
Resources • Cache and Interpret IR
Interpreter
Classes • Compile ->bytecode prototype
Objects Runtime
• Extensibility via XAPI
• XAPI-C for C extensions from php.net
XAPI-C
XAPI-J • XAPI-J for new Java platform extensions,
Java
native libraries invoked over JNI™ API and
C Extensions Native Project Zero interface
Extensions code
• Extension language choice opaque to PHP script
PZ Extensions
• Java Platform Bridge
• Debug using via DBGp using Eclipse with PDT


XAPI-J example
Extend PHP using Java Platform

@XAPIExtension(quot;BigDecimalquot;)
public class BigDecimalExt extends ExtensionBaseImpl {

@XAPIFunction(quot;add_bigdecimalquot;)
public void add(RuntimeContext ctxt) {
RuntimeServices rts = getRuntimeServices();
InvocationService inv =
rts.getInvocationService();
Object[] args =
inv.parseArguments(ctxt, quot;ssquot;, false);
BigDecimal arg1 = new BigDecimal((
( XAPIString) args[0]).getString());
BigDecimal arg2 = new BigDecimal((
( XAPIString) args[1]).getString());
BigDecimal result = arg1.add(arg2);
ctxt.setReturnValue(result.toString());
} © 2008 IBM Corporation

Java Platform Bridge
Easy access to Java Classes from PHP

<?php
$date = new Java(quot;java.util.Datequot;, 70, 9, 4);
var_dump($date->toString());
$map = new Java(quot;java.util.HashMapquot;);
$map->put(quot;titlequot;, quot;Java Bridge!quot;);
$map->put(quot;whenquot;, $date);
echo $map->get(quot;whenquot;)->toString().quot;nquot;;
echo $map->get(quot;titlequot;).quot;nquot;;
$array = array(1,2,3,4,5);
$map->put(quot;stuffquot;, $array); // PHP array converted to
Java Map
var_dump($map->get(quot;stuffquot;)).quot;nquot;;
?>


Agenda

software





Virtualized Directories
Facilitate Application Composition
Resources searched across application and
dependencies.
Apps behave as if directories merged.
Applies to all script directories.
• /public /app/resources, /app/scripts, /app/views etc.
First-one-wins precedence.
• Order based on dependency order in ivy files.
• Default files searched within each directory first:
• {my application}/index.php
• {my application}/index.html
• {dependency1}/index.php
• {dependency1}/index.html


REST Services
Made easy
Zero provides a really simple way to create REST
services
Convention for create/retrieve/update/delete operations
(CRUD)
• You can also list the members in the collection.

HTTP Method URI Description
GET /people List members
POST /people Create member
GET /people/1 Retrieve member

PUT /people/1 Update member
DELETE /people/1 Delete member


REST Services in WebSphere sMash
Each REST service is implemented by a script (called a handler)
Scripts live in the directory: <apphome>/app/resources
Services are accessed using a standard URL convention:
•/resources/<collection name>[/member[/<path
info>]]
HTTP requests mapped to handler methods as follows:

Resource GET PUT POST DELETE

Collection list putCollection create deleteCollecti
on
/people
Member retrieve update postMember delete
/people/1


Demo – REST in WebSphere sMash


Events
Promote Loose Coupling
All behaviour in the system is modelled as a set of events.
• Events are programming language agnostic
Fired by an application using fire_event().
fire_event('my_event', array(‘data'=>'foobar'));
Event handlers are defined in the Zero configuration file:
/config/handlers += {
quot;eventsquot; : my_event,
quot;handlerquot; : test.php
}
Request Processing events
• requestBegin, secure, GET, PUT, POST, DELETE, log, requestEnd
Application specific events
• Fired by your application


Global Context
Event handlers are stateless
• interesting applications contain state
GC provides access/management of application state
• It is NOT persistent. Persistent data goes into the database
Conceptually a map of data
Divided into a set of zones with different data lifecycles
Understands and provides intelligent access to certain
data types
Externalizes state from the application logic
• Enables clustering and scaling to be added transparently


Global Content Zones
Divided into zones representing different data lifecycles
Zone Scope/Visibility Lifecycle
Config All requests all users. Loaded from config
files.
Application All requests for all users of the Life of the application,
application but not “persistent”

User All request for a particular user For first access until
(HTTP Session equivalent) user times out

Request All handlers along the path of a For the duration of a
single request single request
Event All handlers for a single event The duration of a single
event


Versioning Dependencies
Modules are the building blocks of an application
A module is simply a collection of files packaged
together
• Includes a module name, version and author details
An application declares the modules it depends on

Versioning ensures applications don’t break!
• Specific versions can be set (v1.1.34)
• Versions upwards from a particular release (v1.0+)
• Ranges of acceptable versions (v1.0 – v1.5)
Remote catalog servers at PZ.net and maven2

Deploying Applications
The Application is the server
Java VM

Web server

Application Code

Language runtimes

Hundreds of applications per box
Applications started on demand
• inetd style
Applications isolation
Quality of service and management built in

Built in development tooling
Browser-Based Development IDE
Built as a sMash application

Provides full development lifecycle for
Zero applications
• Create, Edit, Test

Provides Visual Editors for Activities and
Web Page construction
• Including a DOJO-enabled page editor

Basic Eclipse-based tooling also available if
required


Activities
Let Developers Visually “Mash-up” Services and Feeds

Compose applications by “wiring” together
REST services

Visually or programmatically combine
existing feeds and services that enrich,
sort, and filter data in a pipeline

Configure templates to alter pipeline routes,
log events along the pipeline

Numerous built-in activities, including
• Get Feed, Call Service, Aggregate, Sort, Transform,
Filter, Send Mail, XSLT, Conditionals, Loops


Installing WebSphere sMash
Eclipse CLI / Browser IDE

Get JavaTM 1.5(+) JDK

Get PHP Development Tools (PDT)
Download installer (<800K)
All-in-one eclipse package

Install Zero using the Eclipse update manager Libraries fetched as needed.

Links and walkthrough on www.projectzero.org


Agenda

software


Demonstration of PHP and Java Platform Interaction.



Demo: Integration with SugarCRM
Scenario:

Scheduling meetings requires
co-ordination across the
business

Solution:

WebSphere sMash workflow
triggered from SugarCRM
PHP-Java Platform
Interoperability
• The best of both worlds


Demo – Integration with SugarCRM


Agenda

software





Community Driven Commercial
Development
Evolve the core platform based on developer feedback
Commercial development using a transparent development process

Enabled via an external web site providing:
http://www.projectzero.org
A focal point for all sMash development activities
Expose the IBM® development process to the
external developer community
All design decisions are discussed and
communicated via external forums
Registered users can post comments and feedback
to the forums

Frictionless download of latest code and
documentation
Registration not required for binary downloads
Latest builds immediately available to developers
Source code can be viewed by registered users


Site Contents
Content
• Documentation
• Project information
• Roadmaps
• Design documents
• Demos and Samples
• iCal calendar
• Future plans
Forum for interactive discussion
• Help and Feedback for questions from users
• Developer Alerts to notify users of new features and breaking changes
• Zero Development for publicly accessible discussion amongst the Zero development team
• 3554 Posts on 828 Topics to date
Blogs
• Development blog with interesting commentary, demos, and opinion
• News blog for project announcements
Binary Downloads (257,738 and counting…)
Bug Tracking System (Bugzilla)
Source code (Subversion)
© 2008 IBM Corporation 3

Features of sMash we have not covered
today
File Serving

Error Handling

View Rendering

Logging, Tracing, Debugging

Client Programming with the Dojo Ajax Framework

Security

Nested resources


Summary

Project Zero is incubating technologies to build web
applications in WebSphere sMash
• Simply!

WebSphere sMash contains a PHP runtime which runs on
a JVM software

WebSphere sMash enables same process interoperability
between PHP, Java platform and Groovy


Questions?


Rob Nicholson


Project Zero JavaOne 2008

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