This document discusses alkalinizers, which are agents used to neutralize acidity in the body caused by conditions like metabolic acidosis. It describes several types of alkalinizers including sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate, sodium citrate, and potassium citrate. Sodium bicarbonate is discussed in more detail, explaining that it neutralizes gastric acidity and raises pH towards normal. The document also covers indications, contraindications, dosing, side effects, and the nursing responsibilities for several alkalinizers.

1. ALKALINIZERS
PREPARED BY:
USHA RANI KANDULA,
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR,
DEPARTMENT OF ADULT HEALTH NURSING
ARSI UNIVERSITY,ASELLA,ETHIOPIA,
SOUTH EAST AFRICA.

2. DEFINITION
Alkalinizers are the agents or
drugs, which are used to
neutralize the the PH, which has
been decreased due to certain
causes like metabolic acidosis.

3. CLASSIFICATION

4. CLASSIFICATION
Sodium bicarbonate
Sodium acetate
Sodium citrate
Potassium citrate
Acetazolamide

5. SODIUM BICARBONATE MOA

6. SODIUM BICARBONATE MOA
 Neutralie gastric acidity and usually
gastric PH above 3-4
 when PH is lowered due to metabolic
acidosis
 Alkalinizers are alkaline drugs
 Which helps to neutralize the acids
 This raises the PH toward normal range.

7. INDICTIONS
 Treatment of GI sysmptoms associated
with hyperacidity
-eg : heart burn, acid indigestion
 Treatment of hyperacidity associated
with
-Gastritis
-Peptic ulcer
-Esophagitis

8. CONTRAINDICATIONS
 Cardiac and renal patients
 Hypertension
DOSE
 About 0.3-2g as needed one to four times a
day.

9. ADVERSE REACTIONS
 Systemic alkalosis
 Sodium overload

10. NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES
 Administer alkalinizers in liquid form than
the other methods for efficacy of the drug
action.
 Drug need to take on empty stomach for
better action.

11. POTASSIUM CITRATE

12. POTASSIUM CITRATE
Potassium citrate used to control uric
acid and cystine kidney stones.

13. USES
 -Effective in reducing pain and frequency of
micturation when these are caused by
highly acid urine.
 -widely used to treat urinary calculi and
patients with cystinuria.
 -citrates are used to make the urine more
alkaline.

14. DOSE
 Solution : Adults : 2-3 tsps of solution.
 Mixed with water or juice four times a day
after meals and bed time.
 Adults : 1-3 tsps of solution.
 Mixed with water or juice four times a day
after meals and bed time.

15. CONTRAINDICATIONS
 Cardiac diseases
 Hypertension

16. -Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase
inhibitor.
-The drug has mild diuretic also.
ACETAZOLAMIDE

17. ACETAZOLAMIDE MOA
 It inhibits the enzyme carbonic anhydrase,
reducing formation of H+ and HCO3
- ions,
appears to retard excessive or abnormal
discharges from central neurons.

18. USES
 Metabolic acidosis
 DOSE
 8-30 mg/kg/day in divided doses;
 usual range is 100-400mg/day.

19. CONTRAINDICATIONS
Renal and hepatic dysfunction
Adrenal insufficiency
Narrow angle glaucoma
Severe pulmonary obstruction
Early pregnancy

20. ADVERSE REACTIONS
Polyuria
Hematuria
Glycosuria
Drowsiness
Hepatic dysfunction

21. Con------------------
Confusion
Myopia
Urticaria

22. NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

23. NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES
 Caution patients to report signs of
hypokalemia .
 Use parenteral solution with in 24 hours
after reconstitution.
 Observe diabetic patients closely because
acetazolamide may alter antidiabetic drug
requirements by increasing blood glucose
level.

24. THANKING YOU