George oprescu caleidoscop tehnic

r,;,li.irtlrii prezirrlu c bi:qola si vorrcic:eit-*c-
!ie rjr: lctivitoii ptclctice cjlrr diverse dlmerrii
a, 1" 1,-'lirricii, pe ccre rcrrlstrtlc-iorri qmuiori le
pr.ll reclizrr cu pieser 9i nrcterir:l+: uscr tle prc-
,.:',1 rfi t.
i)rirlttt (r.:nsttur:!ille cuptrnse in v:lurTr rllen-
l;ur,-inr,r''li 1rr,r1oprt6gro Stirlji!zil. i':Cr-rri CU
,):,r riliigl;,,'-, nudtc, eir:cte specicle e':lecirc-
ii,,.fl . ,,-'r:r{llSraf t)i,l-- C!.t fei{jLl , ternS)Of lZr-tit:i p:-ir-
l'i j r.':r-,r'r,1r,1i
'lr'
,irij,tl, fcioililfil ;1g;rirrr'lii ra,
;,.,u..'i,r1" i1 1,1 l,.iq':i1 t'i;fit i) !irt",-'i1;lq| tt:r p.:i fciC
':fr.
?a
ct
'i
Bnlsctia6
cAtElD0$c0P
Lei 10
TEHilIO

,coptrl lttL:ritrii 1 1: futd c tlt u liisa o oar(t:rtrt' libtrtut( crcQ-
tit ttir tii. girtiir ii L:r'tttiLttiyt'. g t;urtt:ri:'t li[tt.rlult', in l'i raract'
Unt,r'COlc': dttt, titt poii c(,t'( ttittrlit yititi.ir( (r( 0!Our( utrtttri t:i.ntl
[),.)ut{: cdst.i(. urrt l.c itit'tiri.t itt irt.slruirt'ct l: ltrrirri rvr riicr .rtn
int'tn'
trtiilt'l'tc(tttil5('tll t'tt ttlt;lt lttt It(t(tlt sll'rit/ir rr? t'tt u lt!trttl rlt ltt
il;!t( (llit(ts(tllt. trrrli:r;1, itttrt'ttl,tr ltti tlr'trltii-ld r(tt't tt ttrltittlttl
tr:! tt.u origirtrtlti, strslirtrtlti ir.: wllii. ftturlr, ntultti rttuntit. Iliniru
t.,ri srtrci'trI strtir:t'srtLLti, in (!'ttrit tlc gintlir, txlL rtlt!it'rtlia xprc
,11 Li h' L: ..I. Ori.t:t: ortr" urlcLtirul ,slic .sri llilr'st tt,;rti (tt ltt'ttt I)(re
{/ su'i(: tlc ttttt:hc ,ti trt.t'ltttlc I)?nlru a ol'ti.nc r(::Lttlulc 'r'i.lttl'c,
ttilirttt.la t:tt forttlti 1tr(tltt u.,0lp t:titn .ttttp('t,i ttlt lt ltoulc (iulU
yt.oi. bin(: dtt:it 1,t'rtltritt 1tt'itt'1tt.r't'bu;tttti l( ttttttrrti [)ruU't(''
717i1'c 71'sttllrtlt'rt!tlirtrrlr tlutr zi, tlt: zi irtct'r'rlcrt tn prttpriil'c
ftt|tr', otttolrr(lttir(: 1ti l,l,lrrt,ittsl il'it'ttlti, l.ttt')'(('(rtnlrii ..rttt.flit'ttrca
'tlr"
a inrlritrti ;i itt.,,,' ur,ul! in ti0i Itilli..'tit'i. 'l'rin' ittf <trrtt'ure,
{irt,l irr si nrrwtci s[tr0 il14:ril.alu/ S L'('('ES !
2g1rg tttrtttl:rjr: dr. r'u,tiiorrlr:eIl+irrr: liriirtr, siuplt
I)+r111y1l clicc rrrrir'rlor tlr: r.r'rrrsllrrr.l ii r,lt,i,llrinicl. [ie irrt:eyril-
l,'t'. lio irvilts;)1. r'. lrr'r'ilri,.t!l;n'r'it liirrrt ll,'lrl,r.ir,rlr,t;rr1i,,t,,,,.,,1,-
loilre 1rr'r'ziritir tol,lcirutiu n1()rnr'ri{r' rl,' inr'irtltrrc. -lirlc'tlirI
irr.iglrclriir'ii l)i' lrrt-('olt. rit' tllrsii il rirrri lr:irn,jirrrrlrrt rltr r.ilrrr ir
1ritst.. r'ilr'r) irsiqtit':i
'"',,',,,',,,'r.pIilt ;rirti r rrir.;r il lirsti. urtr,uri rrr
{lil'ttzi)t'. it Irrslttt'ilor l,rr'ltlr',lrt titrli,,. ilttlii.jr'r.r1;1rfi11:r,,rtl.lir..
r.ilt,(tlrll l'r l1tti t'r,l Iirrirli:rirlr,r.il t';,rii'rr.r'r'r'ill1ilti llr.,;lqt'Oirilltl
lrltrl lrr r',r1iii, trrrrrl rrlr'^ rll r',(,trr1rlir" irr iltr'r.irlr,rrl 11r;,,;".j11t iri,ii.
l',rlrrsr, lllr'li,lrttc ti'l irrr'irt'ir'. tititsintr{r'situ itt'ioltl,.'-t}}Orlll.
llltilc lll,lou. lrrrtlir,jrri lr,riill fi tr'irliz,rl il loirrlr'sr.rrr.l Iirrrl,.
li{r o l)ltr,itlii rlc t'tit'lott lrtrl',rr'ttl; lrirtr'irilt'lls. ,r t.r'irliiitt'rt tilr,i
irrrf i,i ilii ltrt'rr rttti trttrliir pliillr'r itlil r.r,rr:,1r'rrllolrirri, i il, si
1,r'irrrilot rrlui. l)irl irrlri 1i,' r'irrrl rlcsi,r'ilir'rr rrrorrtir,jrlor. si 1r,rsi-
lrililililr, pc r,i,t'r' i(, rlllii:
lorrlrr,j trl rliri l'iilrrrir l-. i' rr) r,;rriirir,r'r,cpior l'irr.ir ,'ir, rril
,ll rrr',rt,l. Ir,l'silril rrrrrrr'i irt irrtlrlii'irr riirl,r,lrilr,e lr rrr,,ri ll,r-1,
l,,,.rrl rlrt,.,1,'r'rr,li,,rlilrrzlrrrr,'..,",tl'i,1. llr,rrtlrrjrrl l)lill{i i,{'(.(.ri-
I ilttit in z{rtt{'l(' lrtintt(.)itst' ltosl rrl rlirt rliirttit tlrt rrrtrlr' ltrir,-i.
lirlosirrrl o iurlortir rlrt cir',rir 1l)...iJt) ln lurr!'iltro si o llrrrrri rrr.iz'r
,lrr pitlrrirrl, l'ie la o lttrt'rrtri tll 1r'rrrir rrrl'itil.ii'irr lriirlirrt, 1i,,
,,,nilrri'1,'r ,ic llirrrcnlirrc ('lr nrri.'Irr li;isir iu)tr,n('i t,s{r'r.i,rirr.r'.
siru illurili r.irril sc f'rlosr,ft() r) ililtr'llii irl,i,it lrrnqir. sl trlilizr,r:rzir
ilr) ,'ilprrr'ilor r('. tln '2()...l(n) 1rl,'. .t.r'sl r,rrlrirr,iirir ltoilto li
rrl ili:zir[ 1i llort!llt lr'lillut'ii clt l)t'izit {l(, irlinrr,rilill'(! {.u ,.111.r.ni
llr:r'tlit'. rle ;2{) :: iit arcst. r'i,rz ('l}1rrr.it,rr.rrl t a iz.olir rarli,r-
r'c(tc1itr)r'ul tlr ltloittrn tltr ctrrenl. ,'rtr'e tlr,r irrtr ri ..ilrrtrrnii lrrrr!'rr".
'l'r.itsitnrr,)fl rninin)i iit trlrr lrtirtric sa r'r';riltli.] rrilllacit.()t,rrl vt ii
rlc l.t)t)0 V 1i ltrrliol'or-cl)tol'ul va 1'olosi r,()nducttlttrl ri'l,i:1r.i
llcr'l,r'itc Lra llc o tlrtirnir lurrgii, ,lc larrrllrlctlL biln. itr lili:,r
rrll,r.'i anLt:ne e-rlcliuaru. llt'nl,i'r,r rr.'t:e1i{.ir,r irr ortisul lJur,uresli.
rrrrirt.ta jrrl itccsta sirnlilrr ol'elij arrrliIitr irrrrllclor' l)olilui,i ]orirl,,
sirrrrrllrrrr, l';rlll clrrr-' rrrr rtfr:rii sll isl't,rr.lio. ln llr.ivinta riiori,,i,
+, cotrcctia cristal t

rn si lir n)onl,r i,'lr' t irr'{' lrt tll('irzii' sr' ttl iii;r'irzti
^"
tli')'lii l}llli''l i-
l', t;tt,i au gntttr;,t,irt. tlt' r't'i''r'ttti t'r'li rlt'l'rlrtir'irltr" llr'lllIll I'il(ll("
i.i .'r",,iFli,,,r,,,,t,,,.i.,,,i,,siLai5iri.rJrerlirrr{rr rlr'l(t{ r( i...41t{ ),1rui :
** nri'im 6c 2i r(r ..,'t,,'.,i',,'ii.ttniJ;trlt. lt' r'irztrl I'losirii rrnt'i
cri-*t,ilrlcrislttl.(''iis(''ilqltttlitcitttttt't'zislr'r'tltr2"'irkilooirrni"
i;,ti;il:;;;i.ii ; i,,,,,r.iti,t",.i.rr tlif uz.'r,. r'rr1rii,l
'rirr
trtrnsl.r-
rrrirl,r,rl,,i1s,il,r,: tle a.*omentra. stl folo-qcqlo tln lransir.rrmat(tl'
irr crtzttl rrrrt'l r^iisli sttlret' t[c ittrpetIr't'tIit lritiL'
1l,rl;r.i ril tlirr figuru tl! rl llll t'ai.litrrt'L.e|lr''.r r'lttsit'r'tt
rlr.lr,r,lir, 1,'i.irr lr.istrrl, tpt t:tr rlii,Llri. ritilrrisii'itt sill'ir, ('il oil$('il.
,1,,,. ,1,,.,,' pr'in,cslri s(,ninirlul si'lt't licrriLl ,litt gariil, tlt' .ttittltr
,i,,.,1:;
"'r,,.1',rl.r.-rur
cir't,uit osrriliinl. rtli,itlriil ttiri ctrpltcit,orttl
r,rriirlril'{',' ,1,. r'ilrt l};r(}...ir()0 l,l:. t'ri rlit'lt't'lrit' ir(rt" r't.itl
,l,,,,,,,iitrrt ttritli;tlttt'll ctt rlit'lt'.i'iir r;.Iitl rl'r 2 '' 2'itr ;rl:' crr
.,,,'i;,,,,t. l,i-,l,io, irr l,lrnilel. l']ol.rirt:r tlt tttttl,' ritr'tlii tltrrrtilr'ri fi{l
.,,,ir.,, tliri (r,ritlrrt,t,,r. trilililrli'rrri:ilirsr'. lilti tlt, r'iirlir,lir'r't:t'll1ii
l.,',,,,'u,,t,ri i'tt iz"ltrlitr tl' lat:1rr'liiirril' rlI ii'1'.^(I'2 tirtrl tliir-
rnr'Ir'rr. t,t, r] c.lt'{-rilsai ttllitttl rliii I'ir tii' tl'' sltis i':'"ir rll'irtrLr'r1'
,,,.,r,, t,ll,'r.,lt lrtrtir rle fi'r'iiii ;rlrrl'1,11111*trit)" "tr
rliitrtrl'ltttl-ilr'
,l ll
',,,,,
;i lrrrr,:itr,, i, rlr' ,-1r...]-;rr 111rs1. 1,".'' l'iir.r 1''''ltrril"t
Iilr.itlr, irr ()illritrrlri f'Iri,siliil;l si l'i'r';r itiriItr;i ,''.i1'1'1r;.11;i. t lll;rr
Ilirii lrr.izii 11r,;ri:rLrriril" tiiittilli ('li illii('lri:r 1li'lr'r'ilii slrtl ('ll (r
irrtr:ttii frri'tt li' i't:ur'iii. !ritll'irt!''lr':' trrt ill l'" ttitliIii' tllrt lit'lr'rr
irr.rriiri. r.iir.e SittI ltrilr'r'nir- t,r"r';rtttrlr, :,i tttr,li' Si' l,rlili' ,ll'l0si
,',,t,,,,,, tlt' t.r'i.i,;r. y,,'i,r ,','1ritr'il,,l. rrilti illili'ttrl loll','! i',;i. (-il1r;r'
,.il,,t'rtl ( i,ii i' slllltt'lttzii t'i,s, it llitt r''l r' ilil rtr' tl it l'iltl{lill'tl'lli lll
,1,,1,,,.1ir,; si t,'lrirtt'sa l'ir'1,r'r,ii'rzriI si itr til,ittl;l.lIlt'ttrir.i tritltl,li-
,,1r1,,. rrrr,l,,t.rr0lirl ,.r,1r. 11:r,li{rt.r'i,i,lri,,ltil tiit tr,'i'i'*il;t. tlt l-ri
,,',',',,',i,,,,Lrrl, rrili o sitt'sit rlr' ltlitr,''rlirrr'r'' iirt"l rtli;lt''ttlirI rliri
1.,,,,,,,,i,, r,lrlrlrlir rli, lri,sltil 1,,,.1,1 ,1,, r',r,1i,, ( i1lir ri' li'r'('llllifit'itzit.
(lrr o rrrrlltt,r lrl,'ti,,:,t1, rl" ltt. . lir ttr. lrr"liiirr '' tritir llttrir .itt
t /ri.r,r i'i r' 1r|l lr'( l'l,li"tt;r ' rr'l 'i r llr rl l "'ilr|i
rlir' l;ltr[i'
tt', tttt'. l'r'ttlt'tt t l, l"'l'llrir ;l;i"-l'rl rlrtti'
lr,rii;'jrrl riirr l'iltrr';t l{l '' tt'l trtt t'iitii"r'r 'irlri,r' ;rli.l)lonliri
rlirr In,,r',liir lrtrsl ltltli tll' I'ttri''ii'. ,il,r' Lliiii;l'''"';r l)rl Ir';ril/iFlill t;'
;,rr,rrljlir':r1,,1. i',trltrrirri;r:l;r. iri l;,t:,,r' l'i'' l' :lir'l' 1"1"'i1'
l;r i,r,,lrl;,irll l,irlr f'irtt'. sl trlilizr, i:' 11" ltlrl'/rrl'rl rli tr'lir''
I|r,i.rrrrl,,. il,, lilirrl ltl;l iii;...:iiI. s;rlt r, lririrlr,trl. rlr, trl'ii'r'
lrrlrlitirlir'. trt !i('r'itliriliil' lir,lrirt'i l'l ":il irl"ttii'ir 'tt ll"llltrri
t,rLt.
l'ip
c{}l{r{'1ia cristll
Ii
, rt iit't'l;,li ti;i rle ('r'tttittrir't'
l,irr,,i /./. {lrr ;rl{; ti;t ltltt'-',r -i
1ir,rlt,, olit'tti' r-iiiirl llrlrlitii
lrrrIiol'ilttt tr.
lrrli,lrinil (rrr 11()llttrjtrlt"rrr'rr1ili.ii1 (.', s(' l'i,lr':r'sit ,, lrittt'r'it'
tl. illiriii'rrtir'i'. r'('t'ilstii
',,r,1('
ir'('lt irlfr'i 'i.'i"'iJ ' tt'r'rrliir-
lr,lt, rrr,rlif,..r,iii,.l p|t,ir rrlul[. s(i l)0iri('li)i{rsi r, lritlir't'ir'lrlilt,ir ti{'
a
,lliisrtlrt'it l)r'-
r'l ilir'rr[.;i s{'
ll
oI
Y
T
Y
A'
t col*c{ia cririlal I

llulcr'ltI. sau f,iii' l', rl ll'irir' 'lr' l.ir ' :] .h, .it'gilte itt sct'it.,
L,iill llLll, rlrnit rrrlri tilrtll tl,l tttl iitt tle z.ilt', (lill (:iltlza collsll-
Irrrrlr.ri 11,',,scl,il, rlrr l't'ilrrs ill l'ildit)t'e(l{)lll()ill'('li)l'. (lonsurnul
i(lilile ]ir Z(:t,0 iit.iitlgi litrrl r.itrliriyr,r(rel)t.1ll,gl Se di.Zil('rll'(leaZi dtl
116. 1;r.,stul llr,,rl.;rsil ,'11111 s{} irrl,itttplti rltt llilrlii lil nrorrl,ajul
,lin'ti,:rrt'a .l i). I )i,,tli! tr ilstli'i lllir-tatii illirit. strtrrni-rlttl dc'llp-
rrLrrlrrt ar.g l)Olirt.;l irll rrlqll ir ii, r:ar,c clt'sr.liirlr. l ritrtzistoprl. lrt
uriiz rir- leq,trc irtvetsii . lrartzisli,t'ttl ntt {'(rrlrltl('r si, itr con.qil-
,,,irrlii" rirr se ,rlri.irre arrrliti,.. -{r'anlli Pr. t.lt'e il ul'r,r'ii nulual
ii({}Sl, lip rip rri,rr:ritti. ilt r,ilrr' 1r*lllizlirel it'artz.ii lt'l ttlui C dnl.ri
,l,,, ,j,rrrii,i ir,'rrilt r't;rllitlrli ,'tt lril!rr1!1ill(' r1P!iililii n tlcl.t'tll.iti.
(.ltt 6 ltirrrrr irrrli'irii. rri,,rilt,,irrl po;tlp r'l'r'r.i ;,rrrtlilio l)lO(iel'illil
inlt-utt,lil'q;Tll ril t';irfi,rli,'i!l'r'. ('ll lt'ilttsl''rt'lllltlttl', 'iffianirl
,rlitt l'i!l',.llit I l', l',,l,rs.sl. tttt I t;rttzi'1,,t , tt slli,'irr rliri sel'ia lJ(),
lilr n1rrt. ('all'(r slr lr,rlilti;tPlrzii I'r'irr |t'zl.l'rt'rtl rlr"ittt )
.liil01}lrrrli'
.r, lrri(ll irt,, trrt si ttt',tiilt.ltll 1rt't'r'trli'11{' r'tl ttll ltittlr-is1t)l'lll)lt,
',,'ir'r rrr,rniilt,r'ir in'{ r'iii ('il s{'t}!i i'r riiritli'i: tiitt' titti,lanlollt.tll ()
,,,,,i .j,,lr ll r'," "1r1i;r liosllrr'ii' r' irrrlr'1iii'ir'lr'' irt ligttl.it 'l ll'
,'il,illirl tttt itrlrtlrlrtl'1rt'trltlt f i' rrl'.;rttr1'lili',rl"r' "'ll llii!'llrll'r-
1o11. 1r'trlt'tt r', , ,'1,l.irr ;r,,' I11111"1 1"' ltl"l'' r'rl'1i". lrrllittritt--tt:
!,,lrr.r lrr rilr lr,rrr,rt'l,tt lt;tlt ll, trtrttl ltl)lt- t;t ttl ,';rzttt'ilt' 1lt't-
,,.,1' rrl. r,'r rrr l,,,,rl ,. lll t llrrrlllr irl'l llll tt'zi:lot' rlrr ]..,7
Lrl,,,rlrrrr. , il, ;,r',' r,,lrrl ,ii' rr'lt ilttl.,r rlt" l,t', ttlit. .litttIttiir,'t'it
:r lrrirlr, 1,t,'lrtit ,'lri,rt' ,lirt 1;1,,rtl;i.itll lit , itt'" sr' ;tilliltir'ilZit'
|'rr rrtrrrrlir.] ri,.r,s, lrit ,lrt siirtltlrt. rlitt'Irlitt'lrl l)tttt ,'it t'iltitlit-
trri.1l. {'r.,,1 rliir lilrrr'rt l(,. 5rr rriilizptizi-t ttti iltttlilil'irrlrtql'riil
i1i(ii{ilt'{'(',,rlit rlirl rlltlrt lllttlzi"il)ill'{'i'll "('l'lrl;lllill. rltr 6t'i.,rl
irlrrl,'lltlrr'i, ;rli,'. l,ttltr.rtt iltt.rlr' r"."ttrlrlrr l'. l"l lll"l l'"1"1;:i77
.,,'rr .('1,'-r) si ti. irll s,trt rrll'lrr I'r'ltivll.rri,'. li,rtrrilttttettlltl,
J,irl'irtlllr's, it tllti!{ llriti lliirt't' rlllil l:t ttt',ttl lt.j''lr' 1't'''r'"rlcr.1r' si
lir,iilr';rsiuitr'i:i {) iirtrlil.irl t'lrtli'r'liliiilii ittlt tltt 'li1rtz.'rt'cLlplitl
1;r-irt I t'itttslrit'tllill {it' rltl i*'sit',1.
.l'tii,.,i rl,.nt,,rlttlirt'r'lt lii ir)lrli' lli(ilitil.it'lt' 1rt'r'''r'tlt'ltlc olit
;,siUgr,;rilr rlt' r', rlit,rlii i'trri,.l il"r'rrrir ('u gi,l'niiittitr iirl irrrtlrlil'i-
',,,1,',t itgrli6 l'1lri5r'il trfi11' It;ttl;'.istplri't'. t"('s1lli llll'ntil,il'11)r
1,1'1,7.r,rtlittt) rlr'tllilrtlt'rtza sltltttrllrtl rltr t rirli"l't'r'r'r ctltii fllill
,.alr, l.nr'is'1 ir'l rrrllitriiir';t ir tttllli lrl-l7is1'rt'. .-qll'r'1. lrronta,irtl
nliri l'ir.:,rlir I ll l'olrist'si(' llil ll'i'lllzi)'ii,it'rlt t'it'li'ri';t"'r-t'111i1, 7'l,
,:'11 ,1'r'1'1111111i1t
tl'.F-l'l:il? sHrr r','ltilrlertl). irt lrrrr' 1ie rlt a.rilllli-
li,'rtlr'r,1,,, v';11ii,-rlir't'(i'(rlltil ;rp{'l'i1i{lic) l'ir}}l ('iil('ttii;rtlste 'sr'tlF,i-
hijilllcrt pl()t11il,; ullri. (,;ri.fi lll.l ltriri rlt.1ri1ilr. 1li',';ttttt'tlti c:ilrl-
li,,irrir si 1r,,lrlr' l't'tr'lrtiotta tlirr"r'i 1rr'-{liil{'lla cu ferilii. Itl eir-
,.,,ilrrl il,' r ol,'r'lur' () l'tli-rtltiltti o l.lollirrir (l{i six'- cill(r lltlllltiril,
il(){r slrilr, , rr ct,tttlttt'lt)I't'rtlailtlt (l('(}.(i7...(},[2 rnrrr rlitrttit'trtt,
l,r,l,irrirl(' lrr'() rtli{'ii (rtttctlsii rlt'ctrltr,tl srrtr-lrlirslit'tlislrtrsii 1',ir
rrrr ,ri,,z rli,jt.r.itir rltrlJ...(i ltrlt rliilt))('tt,Lr si 7...1() nrrrr lrrrrgirrre-
li,,lrirrrr tl,' st,t' ra fi Ittlslt,ir t,jt nrai tlt'1rtrr'tt'tlt'ltttltrttit lrr k'r'ilii
r.r ( rt ilrrrl,.i rrr,l,,irr.irlt'l r,tr ilul i{trten(,i tlr {i'l'it,rr. l}0 iUttt,ttrn
,"'r l,.,il;r l lttirt,r'r, lrtizit Ilt tt zct'itrtr'rlitl ttttrttaltrl rlt'slrile, sltlo,
l,rrrr, lrrl rll rrrits,,. irrlit'ti lir slrirtr (i' sistttrt [)l'irl ('llle s" ilsigrll'ii
, rrr,li, irrl t,I,Iirrr irl ,.ir'r,rritrrltri tiscilrrrrt. rrrr ltirz.a [,rut.rz.ist,,r'ulrii
7l.'l'i',,rrz.i'rtrrr'trl 7,i. till nlri. ('tif)litt rli't'r't. ilsigtl.ii rltrttt.rltt'
l;rr,r,ir si arnlrlil'i,,lr.olr stilrliul('nlat,ir rlr'trrtrliol'r.r,i.'(r'llii. l)ot 1'l
rrtitiziil ti trtrrtzistoltl'{} (l(' ol'i('(' l('1. 1lo lrlittlrlt/ ,(: l.ql,
l,l"l l.i7:l siru j]77 sirtr t'ltiitr It'ttttzistt,irrt t'tr silit'iu l]l; sarr li(1.
l'n nrorrtrrj t'ovlt tttrti t'rrrttltlit'rrt e tr'l tlirr fil'trl'i, I l. r';tlt'
rrlilizt,trzii tlotrir tl'tlnzistoill'('r'rr silititr. rlr'tr1r lil" srrrr ll(," r'tr
r,r,i,.r, scr,ir', fi+, irr r.it1,.rrlr, rll rrtr'l;,1 srttl lrlrrslir'. Itlirttttl I t'itrr-
zr:rl1r'ttr('t'6ltll tlt'irtrrl'liIit'irl1t';1;11'1 i"'li1 t!r'r'lrtli6[t'r't'rprilii:
rrl t.r,l tll ll tloilt'rt t'tlltttotlrtlirlt't'si rrrrllriilit'lttor tlt'iltltlio-
lr.r,r,rt'rrl.r-r. [iirrttlittrrt'ttt11l 1' 111'ostrl)il rli'lrLrtr si |ltr;rlt'itsiglll;' 'o
;rrrrlil ir' ('orr[(rltitl)iiit irt tlil'rtzr,r.'
lrllirrrrrl trr6trl11.j. lit'('z{'tlllrI irt l'igrrrit I '1. Jx'ir11' 1'1'1 t'ltlioriu
,,i ll;rilrit tl(' tttrtlc srlrtt'lt'1r0 liilgii gillilii (l{'trrriit'rrr*'rlii. St'
irl iliz,',,2;r rllt1r I r'irttzisl()ill'(' r'lt sili,'itr rlirr s1l'irr li(, siltl l;li,
Irlt tt1ttt.,lr.ilri,.rr lrrrlr,r'r, r'rrlrlrrlr,irr trrorrl,r.i l)ir|lirrillr,rt. l)irlt,-
ttl,, tt,,;,,',l,tttlll ltt:tlt rll irrllitl'(' il lllllll ill"l llrttt';r .trt"illtt,i"
( rlt rrlltti "st
ilrrtrl s. llr'ill' r'ttPlit rlilt'r'l pt' ltlrz'lr lt'ttttzislot'rtltti
7 /. li,,lrirrir rl(' tttttlt'rrrr',lii. /-1.*'irlIrrtit'rl i'tt,'r'lt'tlitl rttt'tttit.i*'it'
lrtr', r'rlr'rtlr'. l'iirltl l'('illizillii 1tt' tr lllrlil tl" l'r'r'il ri' lir;lriirir /"1'
iolosr,slt un rlrit'z tlt l'trt't'ot'itt'{ rlt' S...llt lttttt tlilrlttt'lt'tl sl
I0...lir nlilr lurtgil)rr'. irt irrte|irlt'tll rlltt'i |itt't'ttst' tit ;rlirslir'. llt"
irr r,irslir (';ui'irs:ir s(' irllirsoittii l2 slrilr'. ('lt Il'izil lir s;rilir I tltt
l:r .lr;rltttil rlt' lttltsii' So folostrslt' t t'tr(iit.ll't' ('lllil;lill rlr"
( l./'...(1.(i rnttt tlirttitet r'tt. (lorttrtttrt't'tt gittttt'llt' tlr' ttttrlr' st' l'itt ,,
' u ;r.i ut(t,ul unui irrr-t'r.si,t. ltitslrtlitrtl sirtilrltr. St'rrsillilitirl*'rr sii
llspt't lir- r't,trtrt,ltrl t!t' r'olttttt 1.6' 1'r';1lt'itztr 1lt'irr 1,r'l-t'ti{i,rttr' t.t'tlN
rl,' I tttt'goitlr). ('ilt{'p()ill(t ilveit si o litlt,;tt'r'ttliri trti,';i. lrol'11i111f
rl,,lrr l() ltil,rt'hrrri irt srrs..rt<liIil t'. rlt'itst,tttt'lrt'il- l'('sil]ilii ilr
rlil'rrzr,t'.
l)r'ltr iL,'r'st.('r)lor)t.itjo tltl tl't'l)1li{'sll st'itslt'lrii'rr'zttlliiltr
r'111'1qr,1'11i11,'ilt'" i'.lt trtt lrot li r,t,tttltttt'ttlt'1'll t'l'lr.'iii('(lrl{rt'l't'('t'[r-
I
oI r-' '* coleetin (ri{till
-S cr;lrctia ciistal It

lonre col'r1'llicilte tle s1;11slfi11.r!ie irldusl.rialii: tlar rcllizatea
sinrpli'i, ilt'r,iteva lninute liiilt ztlci dtl nrinrtt,e, 1r[str'eiizS.prin-
cipala iralitate it a('trsl{ll'rronsttttclii, aceca de a iltt}llztl Ei de a
initrui" t:u o ,'ltrrlluialri rninintii. In plus, cle a se pltt.ca crea o
lcrje de sirvr,tnilnri si rtniloru.i nfpltLelllioase, pelltl'tl cei tlragi.
lia d i oro t'e pl ur- su rprizil
llttrliortrctrplot'trl riitt {igtrr'it 2 t'st'tl alrtirItriL tlirrh'-o tr,'luli
rlclegtorrc rlc rrr;tt'r' nitttlrrtttlttt, ttt'ntittii <ltt trn arnplilitratrlr
rle arrrliol'r'rt'rcttlri..rrrlrlil'ilrrlrrt'ttl rll itutlioft'r:trv,tn[.ii poaLe fi
sirrrlrlrt, ,'rr {'lir.j Iitr;rl lrsirrtr'lt'i,', itt illrl o lrttlt'rt'rr tirr tnarintutn
ilrl 1yr11 strfi,'i,'rrl Plttl t'rt o irrr,lilil r'orrlirrlrrtril;'t irtl-l'-rl
irrt:iilrerc ,rbisrrrritii sillt qroittrr l'i ttt tl.it.i l'irtrtl sirrtrtlt'ic, itt
r'lrrlt'utirtrP, llcntnt ri lrtlltttrr ile ptlslc 1.{)t) rtl" triirr: tlit r)
,r ttr Dl,,tl l't' t tl,ti l tt;,1,' ,',1t1i l i,'i.
[)r'intrrl It'rrttzisi,,t' rl' t';t,li,illi'r''r'l]|.i, rltr liP lilli'l' .ll7 slu
r'r.lrivllcttl, l'tttt,'liott{'irzrt r';t rlr lr',1,'t' lrtitt t ltt';tr'llrislirrii rrtlli-
rririr.r,. ir.ilrrlirr,l o lrrrrrr-.,'rr.il,ililrtl' tttortl;r,ilrlrri. r'irrt. irt sllittii
tr,r,r,t.;''rl. tr1 :1.,. rii r'ir, il,. rrrrlln;r r'llrirritt'ii, iirr iiCnt,ru
,,,rrrlrl,rt rl,, r',', r'lrl,t,' ,ltlt, tlr', itt ir,t,'lrrlr' ,lrt ltrrlott itt'llttlt,, Se
1rr,;rlllu1,lr,,;,nl.lr;t r'l,tir,;rt.,;rttttlt tttt iitltit,illlrllt-ttplaj.
li,,lrirr;r /, sl r','ltliz-r';tzit l'rttt, lirr,lr':rlrltlirrl rlisl,r'rrillil lrlrltru
t,,rrrslnlr'{ie, 1re urt titicz titr l'r'r'ilir,lc 8..^'i l2 rtrnr rlirurt+lint si
7()...1;i) rrun ltnrginrlr. ,(il n 1rc rr,r rrricz rlr: lirrit.t'i pJai . irst)ntii-
rririr;r'cii lultqintr,. l)r'rtro'sl rttit'z s," jlrliisoirrii,l 1'isirr t.lrr l1i,'1,1"
rlp s.r'is. l)s ('i1'('s rt rrpli,'rrl tttt rilt';tl rlt lrrl,'zir r,;rt'r'Ir ittrr- yr,'iilt'tt
rr lot'tttir t.ttt t.ult. ( lr lrt'r)sitttr';t 1t't'r'lllrri,lr','irt'rl I tttrtt :i lirlitrrea
tlt lit'rtit (i(l rrrrrt. l)ttlr;l ttritlrt{'lr .irtJ its.i. s{r lrll,irrr';rzii spir'ii
lirrqri sllirii tlrt lltltttitt' rlrr ll(l '.ii) syrili'. r'll ( i)l)rlll('lrrt' ;llittcl
o
,,r'it'i, It.l tlo izt,lal'ii'. 1,r'r'f,'r';rlril t'rrrail 1i r]ltitiistr, cu tlittrntrlrul
rlo {1.1...(}.2 nrnr. Ott c, as,'Lilt'ttr'it l,i,iritlit -s(' lliit r('(-e[)tiorlil
rrrrrlr,lt rrrt'tlii, ['etttrtt tln{le ltlrlgi. lrr-rlrirrir ra iiveir 12i} i 12i-l
s1,ir','. ('r.l ('()l)dtI('l()r (lo {).()ts...0.'l ir rnrri. ll,hi11x1i:1 i,, rlici
t.r.ltlrnr.i tls t,ite 2ir sPirt'fier.irr.r,. (lt.rrttlt.ns,rtolnl vrrr'iirlt:l t'ste
,1,' iili niiriio.Lurri, clr (li('le('trit st,litl ti,' 2 . )l(t 1ri'"..
llestrrl tt.anzisioalt:krr.siri{ rle lip lrrrrlirrl'rt,r.r'rrnIri. rle rtrigii
lrrrtr'r't'. ( (r g('rutailitr. St' 1rtiI f,losi irst,It'l '(l is( ]. I'l l,'-l' :']22t
i', lt'[ ;,];12 sur, altelc ct'lriviilt'tttt'. Irt t',tirirtl l'iltal sirlrt'lrirl
llc,lirrir,r Ill1'1t-1,,-' ittsii ttirrtz.ir,iiriit'r't'{-litli'" ('it liI si r'rr l'irt'ior
rll t, t)tl,lili, rrr'r'.
i,, 1,r'i rrur r.rtiitttlit tlt't'itrliorcr.t'ptot'. t'r'it rlitt fi:lrll";r 2. ilil'rl-
zlr.ul rriiniirIrrr.;j. t.rr irnPi.,tlarr!ir 111, $ nlttiti. st'r'rtlilr'itz-ii 1lr'i ttIt'-trrr
I r,ilisf'(rr,Lriirt.lr, l't,rrnirt, rttirtiul ttrri. t,ltifrttrit It'tttt'tt t'irr,'it'li:
l'irrrric' sirttt'l t'i( {r ('tl lltttrr.isicitt't'. i'i'it'rriit tlll i s(' {'{'l}i'('l('ilZii
1'r'iz-ir rliit ptiptltr. iitt ir,i1lt""' ilrritri [{' ( ill't'ilii,t trrt ;rllpl'tiai-
i.i ,.rr irrir.,'l'i,'r'rlr'().1 rrrrrr.'t r'irttsl,rlrtiirllr'lt[ [r't'iririt'sii itilta irr
1ri'irrurl lircir l(){){) spirt'. tlirr ("irtlill!( ltil t'tttttilitt r'tr rliilrltt'lt'trl
ill ti.l;...{).1 rrnr).. iiu' s{'( llt)(lirt'til vit nurr}iit'it titllr 111{ } t;trit'r'.
lrr liir(lrrltrir rlr: ().:1i1"..(l.iI rrrr]l (liiir)l('liir. lr!'ittt ttti,';,: llir lrll'
ruill,'r'satr l'oi'r'osilit'itr iir'i1.:,].1...1 ltttr:. t'll rrill'r'lir'r'rit'r'ittll
{1. i rrnl glrrsiltrt',
i'l.rrl rrt trlorrl.lt.jrrl rlirr l'iltrr'ir l;i, r'r'll ti,rtrii I t'rtttsi't,l'ttil'l"itt't'.
,lr,i'l:,rt,t' si rlt' ii,silt'. lrrrI li itt'oi.trr'irlt tlilr t'otitt't [. l'iiilrl tll liJt
rrzttrtl. trinilrlrrlii. l'llt'q;,rl fi r't'irlizitli'si rl,'itl:rill,.r'l','trti,'r.rrti
rlr, lrlltrr;tll,iY irirrr lr'r'r'r,sili,1,,. lrrl rlr' {i..1;,...1 t til:. 'i't';ttttl"ot"
rrlLlpr.rrl 'l'rl. tlr.l;v.i)t . it ir{'i} ill ljtillip' 2 iX}t } spilr'. t'u
r'orillrlr,lnr rlr, ().()t{...o.1 tttrti rliittttt'lt'rr. S,'r'tttt,i;lt'tii rrttttiitt'll
'J ltrii slrilr: r.1 (.rrtrrlrt,.lr't. r'rrr;riliri,lr
t:ig. li
t ,t
1:l
Varranfd
2..10
k
a colec{ia cristal
colcclia crislal I t-.

nanfai
- - ij[ly,n
Tr',ir,s[,,1 11111,rt tt1 fl' 3. tl," i""ile' a n-( il irl ;lritlrar 2 >r 50t)
qrrir'r'. r:rI (i'llrlut'lot'r'tllililill 'lr'
().t)8"'0'il ttttit: l;lr Fe{lundal'ul
f iiii ,f,i,r, ,j,,-"r,,r,1,,,,t,ir urrrailat tle 0,25...0,35.trrnr.rlianrotru.
(]arrauit.ltlre]e })Ut Ii rlrl ti;r placlretii, Ct:tltlt.tice. ()apa.-.rtoa.
r'-,t,'' J,i,.,.'tt'iiliIi,,e'.',,r fi ]a t"usirrrloa d{l i'i"'"12 V'
" 'fi"iri";,ir, r;* itr rr;tt'iatii;i Iu etai liilill sinrphl' f1? ttt
",llri l'irrlrl si,,r,'1,i, ' srr vll !' r'lllfl l)() rr Pli"'rrlir lrt't'ftlritllr. rlt'
,uli,'ti,rl iz.r,lrlttl. lrt l'ilLrrl''r'{ "':t''rl'i l'' lrrl r'lllll il{'r'sl lll)tl!':lL (l{'
*ri,ti,r-rii,t,iz.;'i
',,irlp
1li 1111,7,,y1{;il, Fttlt l'.t'tttil ltttlti i'trl) sau i-l
r.rrlir t,sr-,1r,:r'tat cu ajrrtrirul ilitui t:ttpitcit,trr i-lr'iallil dc lrltlrtl.
i.,,i, ,.f ir,ii"-1rii.*., ,,tiLirat,o in c{rnstnrc!ie pot fi oricif tle ntici
silr ,'lrilr rir, ftrlprtrt nietlitr. lt,lrrl corrstr1rt(ir'i lrerrni{inci
,,1,,r,,',,,, !t,t' itr iirtt't'i0t'Lt! ttrtei t'trtii rll' clri[rrittr|i'
' i,,'t:i;.i,,',r {i s. at'rrtri ,a.tit'rr!i'ritrtlilt' t'.rrstl'u1'liei' :ceastil
s,. r't'itliz.ittrzii ;t{r {r ,',,,r,,i ,1,' ,'i11'[0t1.-[)ffrllrirll' ltst'trrtittittttilt'l
sr,r.tirIantrltri,,r:igitri,l ul t.rrtir,i tlt.l'lriilrittrIi. ('ill't'tlttt t'rtltzl'
lir,s,,i rlt'r'iuirlil.irt,t't ttttvttitl lsii {irr inloctrit, t'rr ii('t'il'st'i rarrlil'
il, ;'lt.,r.lr.l'
^.,,
-,',,,,,,t,,,,rir urr t'ir1r,'t,itrn' vttriabil miniatul'i{ tle
! '21(t
1r1", l)r'rrslrp|a ltri.1r|irr iilri|i'r'tt solltlit' rlt'.lirt'rriit'r'
,,,,lrrlr,zir.. o litrr.litri'rlr, f'r,r.itii lrr.rrtIrr ittttt,tta. tlt, t,it'tlit ir (,tlt
l,rrrtitrrr, li 8...1f tlrtrr tliirrttr,tt'ti. 1,t' ('ill'ir s(' lrolrirrt'irzi infirlu-
,,,,,,,,/./ lttrrrrjrtitttl 7'r sltirr'ni /,1 rrrrrrrirr'irrtl 7 sl'it'e. irnrlrr'1"
l,r,l,irrrttr, ( ti {'(,rt(ltt('tol lilttt tlc t'i,,lir,frct'r'r'ttlir rlt' 5 " (t.(t'
-i,rr lr,n(llrt,tr'r cnrai[-rnirltrst,r tlt,(].12...(]. lir ltttrt diarrtt,tl'tl .
/,.'l st' lrt,hitrt'ilz.ti l)este r/,/, lrl irrlr'l'iot'ttl t'irtttt'i tlt'('aftLrtl'
l.lr,sirrtl Jrt'rttt'Ll fillrre titit'i llil''qlii'i.tlt.silrriii tlc t'trIt'tt sati
r rl'lir srrl;jirt'tlt'filr'. sr'lipt'srr rr'slrrl l,it,sclot'. t'tt ilttrtr{ic P{rtttrtt
vaIun
i/0lum
{- acordv ')
I
t:
t:
R
i
-L
I
i
ts
.j
I
t
,Qadio cub Radio c il i nd ru
riLrtiri ,'ilirttlr',,. l),' il:(tllr{'l}' rt. rt t'ilr('llt lrtliZ'riltlrlil' {r ('ils{)lX i}l
;i,iir.nr,i ile cttrt.e,. rir,r r:rt>pl.r. rlr.;rlrrrr';li ,1,'tiitii,l rl|"li1l fout't."
;;;;,hi, .i., gr,i,rt,,f,,rt nti*iilrrri , rr f iliri", 'rrrsIr'l trrr-'tlittvol, trtit
nr*: 1ft.t. -",f1upri,,r'1 rle stir'lii, ,'11 ;oi'ltl ar'liz''trtal' rt pli1111;i1t i-111
.l',,i,itt,i',1111 ;tIrrs' r) ttlilt'ltr'lir.illr"';ll'tr" llll lr:rl":'' l"J', ]:.1]|
'll;,tt[ ( itl't i]si ;)rltlLt rt irlr;ll';ll rll 'lr' t'ir'lt" ' ttt It tzli' ttl'-1tit'lr
-f;'iil, ,"'i":',i''i,i,.,",'''"""i;r.lrtlrri ."1"'
l,t'''t'i" l;'l'r '1" l"rilrr.i'
l,rri,,-,rl ia llrrt,,arrtl,t rl,t,',.,i,t,,,1,1ii,;tl,'srttIil lrlrlIl'iil.'t'itilt'-"
{,',:,.ili,: {'itrr: sii pr'rnritI t) ttqrrlt':-t sr:llil]l!'rrlf it lrtr" Stl rrli.ro-
i
'",,'t,i 1,l,tsltt',';l'lrit' ittll'-ltll r'('tttliltttitttrltll 51'plttitl'
llu,iliurctr';rtttr itttt'tt crttie rlc rhihril rlri
lrl irrli11rertrtrIui'lll {'ll -*l lleliril ,lin fiqtrlit lr I'rlrtseslrl rli)tt;i
,,, ,,ri,ri,,,,n, '1,, sili, ig. 11,' til,rri l](: l{r;..'lt}! ''lll r"'ltivrtl'ttlr''
.,,,1,,,,',,1,i prllllilir s,,rt,l, p'lr,'ti,'. i'.11' 1'1111r'iirrrl'"i'./it {';l rrlrllrli'
1t".,,1,',,,,n rl,, t.,r,li,rf'1.i'r.1.nnlir. ,., I rl,' :rl rl,rilotl lrtitlztstnt' ::t'rr ttt'I
.l,,ir rlr.rLerrlop. si,liinulul, rrl,,s rJtt 0 nrrIt'tlit,'rt [r't'ilri lllirtial..rt'
oa o oo o
oooooo
ao o oo o
oooooo
oooooo
ao o oo tl t-- S$111171-r
i+ 3 coleetia cl:ist:ll + t colecfia cristal a lri

il nu se produce suprflincirlzirc'l tranzist,oarelor. Se monteazir
1ie lal.eral o rnuf[ penlru figa cii;1 ii nriniatur'ii. ("]ascil trebuie
";ji nibti rezisLcnfa fiobinajului ttiiti nrare cle 10(-r ohnri. ln !ipsa
rrnei asentcltea cirrsti, nu c grLru sii sc rebe-ibirlt-rzrr -- ou utt-,nl.ie
!rinei.nIelcs -- tt i:,asr:ti c.ristentS. tle rezist,tnfir inic,-r,, plin ltiio-
sirca. unui r:ontlucLr.ir do btihinrli lle ().{)ir utrtr. yiinii lil unrplt.rctr
arnrcil. ei, in lor.:ul hobinrrirrlrri . tt ..it tnI nrai grr,agrlt. Se r.a
rrront.a cit-*ca ll l,rrr ctt iil*tnIie, 1ii:ttlt'rt t-,a rlisttrtilil irtt,tr: ltrent-
llranii li nriezul lrobinti sii Iirr rrrirtirnir. frrpt cnrr-l t,orrl'elii ciirqt;ii
,r sensillilil al.c oltlinrii.
PclrInr iiliurr,nlilr'(] so lrliliz.r.irzii o pilr.i nrirriilt irrri l,ip L,c-
,,1t,r.,,,.1ti1 tlirt rlr nln'('llr'. tlo l.ll :,irrr l .'.'l '' ltr,lrtl tr rtslrrirrr)nietr'cle
aparirlttlor fr.,trtgni.l'icr'. ( ) ils('inirrrrir lrilri Irtritt iilitirtnlil
rt{loiit,(lrul t,irnli rle t.riti,rl:r su{r rlc ot"tr. (.tr tlzrtliir!rr si ntai
1,,,1111 s{r piut.e ulilizil rrn acrrntulitllt' rttiniat trri rlr' 1,1/ ',
,.r,esi.a lroatc li lt:ini,iit'ral din ti nd itt t:ittd, pt'irt i:oiicc!.irea
Iiirrp rlrl o ttrii lrt o lrilii pt'orrslriilii, lirrittitL ttiiltt, tl,t r.l V,
plrrsirlii itt t'rlu'iotttl t'r'r't';rl'ot'tlltti,,:,'ti,'titttttt'lt I'i"tlittrltt sc 1,rin
,l,,rri lrot'trt' rttilriirl ttt'i, tlc lt,rtrtIltt lrtltt'ltlrr it rlotti l-iilltir-lr'i,
Sr'1115,'1i''r;i rrrr rtzisl,rr rlr, lirtrilrrrr'il,r ltit) rtlrrrri. !.'or,1.r'tr o
lrtriorrrlir rlt' iirtrlr
'.i pilit tttirtirtttttii lr,riilc l'i ri:iict.ivi.il.ii 1i.rl, titl
lir r.r f,ilir rltr 1,ir ', tlirr irt rtit:i lnr ltz lit o tcttsit.tttr: tttiti ttutt'c,
,'iir'i irrlil,rrlr,ri.rzi"t, rr.l rlistrttqclcr itpl,t"ul,uliii si liscrrli lrli'lt'i.-
.paritlul 1r'e,huie sii funr'!iorrtiz{r df la i)rinril 1lrtLbi1,
''e(re[]-
liolind foari.c pnl.elrric 9i crr calital.e oltl,intti t stut,:!irlui
prrirlrrrilc Jor:alc tlo r'itrliri rlirr gitnril (l(r rtrtrler trrrttlii. l)i'ril.ru
,',rrlrtr:rtt'cit riir lltrlui itrrrliIir'i, itpitt'itl ttl sr' tltrzit,,r]t'(l(ritt-it ttj{ol'
rio pr.) i)()stul 11r1rr,r1;lirtttilt.
llirtliortlccplrit'ul pnlle ii lttt,r'itl si itr lirt trtitlit rrt;ri niii:i
'tlr,. ltrozetrt;lt(.:, (lo r,r.v.ftlliltt rlc tiir,rl,r!it,lt -.rttt l'ril'tttiit rtr.llis r,ie
ririrrri. trr 11r'e!{o r.ritzui'i s:o ittltri'rtir"'l.t: t:r.rtitltltisrtlru'til vilriirllil
,rrr rrnrtl l'ir tlt'*rirt:t 2()ir irl". fit,hirru l, I se vu clopl;lsi't lrtr ritiez
lilrrinr iliri)!'r Iirrt] pr,r rtn 1irr.sl, f i-x qi stt la lat,ollit ul) i]lL i'ri11;li'11-
.qalor l'is, rle r,,itt,rvit zcr:i tle picofarazi. carli Plastrl, in ptrrirlel,
yrrirrtr'-nn t'ornut'tttor sinrpli l'it:at, sii pr:rmitd Ei recepliollitlea
rrrrrii al t|ri loir p,r..t. lrt lot'nrtrtrt nltri llliaji tlr,: prezc,rti'itru, trilscA
rrrinialurij yir fi lrloliLnl.a firlii pitvilion, tlirecl, in *:ir{.iuIa
rrltllll ului, cri ult difuzor. "rrdi!ia vil fi dest.r.ll rle llttl,et:nic'5,
lruli alr-.s rlucii irltarirlul se plascazl lirtgri ttt'etlte.
,ll. r:llioretltlrlor rnirtiatltrL
(lrt nr'tl'orttlal)l{' t'('il lrlili l)tlllr" lll'rl}l"ljlll tlirr- ficrrra 7
,,,,,.1,,''', ,],"',,,'ilii"'in,',,'i* l,rrertlirri ill ";tst';l
rnirri:rl11f i1 ' Irl)r)-
irrl,,l,,s t.lt: inlpttlatl!i'r rnarc -- siltl o lmcli!ie conforlabild
ini r'-,rrr ttt'r' r[ilrtz,l"
"",'rt,',,'i,,
i,,]
.f:lli:::::';,,J,';11,,,','l"li',J,1';,.i1:'JJ,it:i;..l:li,t' ;;illllit;
:i:il:;:ill:'ti;'i.",ili'ii,,;,i."f".i"..ii,,r tre i"r'r'ii'"'c 'espe'rriv''
:r. r'('I([tl{itl 1rl'irllt'-rrrt
'tft"t"llf
tt: fatlt'onrl tio r'':atl!ie riogittivii;
llirt it, ,',,:l i, i'rrlilli[i''rrl'r'it I' lllil llllil'
," "i..u;.t,,,,f'.
-*-. ,j,,..t* fi1,,r1 co.st,t,u,:!ia.. 1,,,r:l icii sl lie iLsrrrttii-
,,,',,',;;'i:',,,:l;,,,,1,1i',i'u'''"'i.''lnt'lt'l''r'rir I'i'-rrrt';i 'irrt itt'iil;tlr"l rtr't
rrr,,,lili,,rt'i ,,11'r' l'rlr: -"i'*" l"'1"."t'r'ri It)rti lri.rlt'splLIilrl 'lirl,ilrl''-
ii,,,li,i',.i,:'l-,i"rl,: ,,lribiiitur,i. .st,tel. ir l'..I biirr:i tl. [t't'ri;i' s':
1;,rrlrr ittfti1rl'il i) tt;;i;;i' ' tt'f t't"'ltiitt' 1lt' r:rl.rrl'iitl'ttl "ltt'it)i'
l:j;i",.,,,;:l',,',ii,r .,, ,1,i,''. .',t Iriz'i l;r 'Iir"' '' rlitr r''rrt:lrt''l'rr'
rtrlr,;til;tl rli: g.1-,'.'r).'j tlr'itt rliirttr'r"t'r'tl :ittl' si Iriiti birltl' liIir tlrl
.ir,lirtft''..lrrtr!ir. l:,;'t":tt"'f"tf"
'''"'i'ti*,tr
lrt.l'tll il. lllttl tlrt in caz'rr,1
.tl.tt.i ,:rr irl'il,i, tt"'j
'q':"tiut
'i" 'li.l'r1.i'lrirtiit';ll'rr
r: t'rrtlt llrti
',',',1,',,,',',',,,,,i'"'i
,,,,,jr t,,,,.u
",,
,',',,t rrl'r'r rl,'i.I,'t'il lit ttll l'{'4't l}l{fr'
' ',
rrl rr lri l.1""'ft,'i,',,,,,
i11,,,, , ,,r:sl:l rlitr I.ittts[.t'tt]itt'p,1 111""1 r'tisl i ttritritrl tl'r
',, ,1i1'1;z,rr'. l)r'tll t'lt il(r(rilst il' f i:ts(lil stl r'lr:ttt'rtttt'ilzil) s{' l ll){)J)l-
Iis. 7
oIt) t eolec!.ia cristal a colectiil cristal O 1?

ncazi (-'u con(lu('t()r'llrai subtire. asa (.1rn-l s-a alJtrrt arrl{:rr.i()r,
itgrt,i. sc t'orr-J'rrclirrrrr.'rrzii. r'ir in [igrrr'ii, rlirr |.riiriiir, rle "'j rrrrri
grr,sinrc. tll'i strilte. t.rr lrtr,r.ilt,1l t,('r.tilrlgrrlari. rlr,2.-r:.,jiir nrrn.
[)r'i i.',t;t
.sirilrir va avr.:r lrr r,r'itit,iLr irr t.rrlrr Jrtilrtrnrlt, (,il l,strla
ciiltii, lir t':r't' rrrr sr' 11111i ft,lost'lte 1ra'ilirrrirl .rrrit:rr!;rr,, iirr
firttrcu str hti'i.plirr lilrir,tr r.u solrrlii'.'l'r.t,l.rrrir,. rlr: asenrr,rrt,il,
cirrrfsaq1r,,rot.r' irll.r'_ rlorrir s*i bt', r,rr ar.r,leltsi rlitrrorrsiuni erle-
rioar'e;i clet,trplrj irrt+rlirrl,care lasti r, rniir.qirre tlp jJ nrm dr:,
fit,t:are par:te. ,'r,r'sl. sirilrt'sr fireazir tiulti i,r: in 1r'r,alirbil s-a
r:onfer:Iirlntrt o p11'1111,r"urir lrr s[rrbir tonitritate. dirl tr-o llrrcaia
ile cit,rap rrt'lorr. 1r.lr*rrlrrt trr s,,lrilir' ltriistir,,'n. ln r-,errt.rui
menrbranci-crrs.l ii se li1'r.slt. tt hrrr.,.ttir';i ile sirnrti tltr 1npp1, ,;,,
{}.2 mm. N[enrbr.irrrrr -sr Pirtr.,,t11lr. irr irrreirslri sirrrr;i. _,pc,i se
1,t'trce. la lipirra irrtrrrgllllli nrrsirnrlrltr si lii.r.r.rr lrrirtilr,,r clin
nrerrrbra.nr'i,. r:trre rlrrIrr:rses(' rr)arginea lirilrelirr'. I ]u1rii rrscirr.t,i.r
artsurnbltrlui. tlil'trz,onrl rstfel realizaL t,reJiuie -qii {r.l:er,(r rrn
r'rrrrrlirrncnt rrel nriri lrrrn tlr,r:it cirscl fiil,ii rnerrrhrunit .ldilio-
rra iir.
llirr.irrt.l.s. rlr,lii trrr irsr,in.lt.'ir rlrir,,irl. lrr rlirnlrrsitrrrr,irtit
rlt'rrrii'ir. nll s('lr{r;rlt'irstr'ptir 1r 1.1,11;11'1' tlt'irrirlt;r l'itleiitalc. I)i*
el lrolttt fi rlr'lr,los 1y1'111r'rr irsr.rrlt;rl lrloqrirrrrt,slror.livc;i 11r"
stiri. irr li;rsrr rrrrrri r.rrrlior.r'L.r.lrtor. rrrai rrrtrrr'.
(lir lir orit:. nrrrrl..i t.irr.r,'llehrri. r.eirlizirt ..irrghesrrit'', e,Lrirrr"
ll irr prrealltliil s;r si'int'r,r,r.l tt:alizitrt,a rrtorrtir.l trltri strlt l'or,r1ir-
rlc rrru.lrrrlii. tilrrui irstlt,l scr li()ate evita folr:,sirt'a rrirui tr,irrr,
zistor tlel'r'r't sirrr il rrll,,i 1,i,'*,. n(,r'rlrr,sl)ullzlitr,irrr,.'l r.irrrzislr,ll-
t'l'lt't'ttt'tt liol l'i l'ollsilr,l'ir1rr rri,.i o 1,r.r,lrlprrr;r;r,il li i,r,lt.t,g
silicirr tlirr slriilr li(1. irrrlili'r,nrrl tlt rrrrrrriir'.
l)rrrttt'tr rit;rrrttleit ctrtrs(t.rttirlir it t.lrrliortlr,'lrtolrrlui trsIr,
tlrilrlir l'rrlri tlrrr nronla.j ulrri 1-rrccr,rllrrl. (,n(,(,(trsirr sir sr'1rlrr-rt'zt-
o sursir tlr. trlirrtcrrtiu'(j r{,'ir rrlri lrulllrrit.it, r'ctrlizirtii tlirr 1rilr"
rniniittrrlir t'olrlt,trrtl irr lrirr.irlll --" rrtr irt sclit'. tl('oarct.r, ((rnsrr-
rrrrrl r'r't'st(r l'nirr'lr,rrrrrll si lirrrdttntr:rttul nrr irt tttrr,rlali -cens
$iru un ucrrrirLrlirt{rr'}lliniuLur.ii. cu pi,sihilitate de reinciu.rirr.t.,
tlirr r:rtt,r'ior'. ('l lir nl('nla,illl lrr,ccedellt,
Nu r, rrtllrirr'a{.i"r nevoit sii.qe folcrscas(iii (r crrIirr tlt,chiliri .
t ur'i : sr,r poirli. t.opitr tlirlrensinrrea e'i clin r:ilrt,orr i)rrsl)ir!!,
t:trrc trlit,i sc r'igirlizr'razii prin vopsirs (:u ntti rntrltt, slr.ir jLu.t
rlr.' larr. lrr rrii'i un ( ilz r.ulia nu vir f i rlr, itr{,1,.i1.
A ila pl,or ps0rrdo-{l 0I'cofortio
JJrt rrrull,,,I,i srl r.r,,rrt-rt.il. lalltul t:ii r,r irrlllt'i llral'('rrluzi''ali
,t rDCiI0l'orrjt.a si s0 t.orlsirlr.rii cij al'ilt'rrt't nttrlL ttlttt Jlltlll l't'lt('I
-,,;;-;t;r,; lr, li l'l;i r','irlizald. irt viirianLa sLt-rleofirnii'ir' J)irr
l,,iinl".,a ri,..t.al,i 1lt'r.riril,' ,rlltittct'ea trtlrrr tttitri t'utlu'i, -('Llnl.
e
',,t'ni',rt,,,* tlr'i 1,,s. 1'lirr ''lrt'r" t'u ir.lrti"''"1 11tl.l'''ir'' tlit'' /lt'
.,,'Ji;'1;i;;: ,,"1,,i,,'',",,,Ji. irsoll,lrr*t.t'r,rrl',rttir'ii. r'tt r.l.ttil {'irr)irlr'.
;ii,,;;:;"i,ri ,,r,.l,.'q;,.
-,i,,,1i,'r
rrrrrttrrl'rrtrit:ri.. ,r'. trrr -{irrgrr' t'irrr^l'
[]inCir,,ttlr,s. r)rr 1ro;tlr,l'i r,it]llt tlil rt t'r'tlltit'('il ill Silla lt!l1i.' s-ir
it,:;;,"', '"1,'.";,, ;,,;,,,',1i, . ,1,,,'.
''ll I'trIill;r irt'];irlrlitrl;i' r i''' ltri
,,,r:tlt li 1::rrt r', ttltl:r,l,r ' ll 'r -lr'tr'"iotlic ltrll!lrtrttir' rlitt'l t'
f;'i;;
',fi,,'','r,'i,,'," rrtl:'r' irrrl'titrt'iti l'r'rr"l''rrri''" llrili ""lri'
;.,i,;i - 1,,'i,r,,,,'rr 1,1;111io1 si.'utt a.ttt1,!i{.i,'rr.l ,t'slt)t't'olttliit" tittt
,,,,r'ir'titl(' tlt' llll ltl'l-ll''lill{ril >l!'lr'('l'illll'"
"''i,r'i:i*,,,,',
* .,' rrr;rl,r ' it' ttilr'1" /l( ':rlr'.1"'llrlil
(lt'l':i/irrl't'il
,t't,,''11r'lol l't',', t,'ttlr' 'litt '
rtttrtlttl lllrrllr'l'rlllr'' illlIc r'itll;tlt lt'
:rlr't,r'1. l'r,rrl1tt tttt r'1,', 1 l'l;tt'll ttl;ltr';tt sr' pll r''rllriltll lrlrlil;ll
, lr','rril,'lr' /if ,lilr lrrrlll';1 lir'>llS si tir',j'rs it '''ll' ttlll' lill'l'i.ll'lt'it
,"',t','i,t'" i,,,,,t,,ti"'ttll'it"1'{'ilslr ittsl't tttt lrt 1'r'trtril,'' il:tl.l:'..}
,1,' , irlilrllt'it llr', r'''trl"l"t .1":'.'" r'itt" :ittl. tr'lt;rr'llZ;tlp.it) ttr"t.l
' ,1;'l itri t',' r','1,' rl,rtlil t ;ltt'rl'' si lrir
''lrrl.;lt'l
l-l t' lrl "tttlrl lll' l ll
,;;: ,i;:",.iqtiLr;rt rrr,in irr1r.,,,lir,.,'r.,',r r.it'i:.rtiltrlrri tlr' 1'11i1;ifi' itI
ll.r*il.,r,.llrt.irt.lrrl,l.rr.""1lt-rl.itllr'lrlrirl.'t,ilti.'1lt.ittlt.r''lt't.r.ilIll.|il}i|!
r Ilr,r't ltllllrtt' lrtltt'ltr .lrtrlsi'.'ii,'l''
,i,rrtir t r;ttlzist",rr'". 11'l si 7'l' sittt r'tt sili' irr' rlc I ip
,,,1,rt ,,t,rrr rlt,,'ltl -c{,r}l) r"rlillJr('llsi,llIil iilr"trrr;rrii ,lit{il ilt' , it','iri-
t{
.r
=qJ
u-()
A_)
{U
[Ii
r{
%f+-A 5c^. r. r,prrrn1
A:g-ffi-t :ix2k _,*'fi-.#-F.,Ill nAE€-r-[]3-*-r
-Elrilrt, fpgi'* l41c..tzro-{ U"S
,C*,,,, '*#' Bi[FTr -l 'Til
ff*rf.W*6[kLu*f&f U-A'iaPJL-lpg' r1'LZ$ '1%,1i)9;ateitt'
ljig. I
t colcc[ia clislirl I
O eol{}ttia cristul O 1(1

t.lr' 11l^'. sr' lrrrl fi'l,rsi rrilnzist('a.e BC i(i7...1[)ll sau eclri'a-
l' rtr'. I r' ,'rrzl.ri rrrr.i irnJrr'i rrrtrr.i llse rrtl'st,e.eofonicr,. ;.ror..i'rld. ia trn
'rirgrret,.l''rr
s.ir t,as.t,i'.n rnonc,ftirric. semrlialul se,
lr.nle i111.1 ,'rlrr,'e 1rr'irr t,irr,rritc,lc fi1'f,rrir lnrIlifi.,ai.ea tlatr'i rle-l'l si 'l':J, r.iu,{, i)r'l lilrsi. setnnnlclr, luirtrlri-sr: rlirrrt,t rle la
('ltl'sttirtt'l{'. prilr,1,q1,,rnn,,1,1rlo1, 1.ri t,1pirr.i tgtrr.g, irrtr.Otl lir.irrrlU-_qe
l;r [6;p;1;1 rlr,rrrit:r,ofrrn a rrirrqrrctoloirulrii stt,r,r,of'orrir,. irr ar,r,st;
lel, adairt'r'rrl i,ste rlr 1i1r 1,usi ,.. ['ir'ii arrrplili,.,,r,,] fi',.,,;1,;,.i ir;
fiirri nervoie rlo llirrrt,rrl rire.
()seilatot, ilrli(,1:tt (lr s0nuor
os('ilirlor'trl irurli. rlitr litLrr.ir lr lrrrrr, r'i rrliiizirl r.;r s,nll,ir,"
llrrziclilri. arrtiolrirtii lrrirr :iirrrlrlir lrl irrLtr,r.r, r.rr tllll.r,t rrl ir lrrr(rr.
r'irr;ir,i,il rlr, senzor.,r.i,sl l'irll l rro:,ilril. irrtr.rr,.il l,r.irr rl,,:r, Irrl
FLllilillr[] r',t1{1q1,1t'1,t.t)itrlitlit.r'trl. s{,til.{!t.rtlrti. rtrr.r.i;rllr r.il
r.t,;..islr,rriir
.rlr, lrr,l,rr izirrt,. r,ili.rrlrr un {.ur.(,ri i,,;lr ll iriiL,. rNt,
.,1'tlttr,tl t,ii, tr)itrr,t,,.til,,t.. srrl'i,.i,,rrl l,,irr-r irr.rrlr rr ;l Itliri, it,
I'ri'r'ti. .sL'il;rr,,r'ril. liirr,,irrii.li,s. I r.irrrzislr,rlul tt.!)n r,.1r,,,1,. .ii
f'ie rililiir,'i,r,iir .rr sili.itr" ,.i, /,, ;rr.rri,lir. .lrl. llirr.i,r s-rrr.l.,rl,si
ttrt tt'lrltzisl(tt' n!)ti (,lt U.r.tilirrtitr. ;rt,r,rtil ilt.t, Uri Itil.t,tt[. irriiirr]
tli.ct'l.r.tr,r,tlt,ititI tli, ,ri.r.r, P.rrIr'Lr (-,il osrilirl,,,.trl sii"l:tri,t]ti;;;l;;;,
sl)()'ltirit. pt' .0 fr,et.r crr{ii glt,u rlt, r-.(rrrl r.t,lir[. S-tir. l]nl(,it lt]{,tittr
tut rczisior dt'citivt kiltrohrrii inlrti b;rzl fi r,rrrifr,r.rrl t,"iir,rir,-'lci.ultri. clri. ir.r'rrit. r'r,rltu,r,l'oiir.rr, rrrLrrt st,irsibilit.irtritr ,,,..,,,iir.
.j rrlui. l'r',1.r 'rrlti-r llilr.t(,, r"r'zislrir,uI tlc I kilorilnrt. rrrr,lt;rt iuIr.e
t'rrril r,r'trl si I'itzrr r r'rrrrzisl.t'r'trl ui pnlt (,u g,.r.rilit[)irr. tlr, 1r111s,e,1,.
ro(lp(,{) lir rlitrirn /,,,. ast,fcl itir'it COnSl.ttrltrl iriti'r'iltrlrti l}lr)!}l';ti
,,i'fi, nrinirr, p.,i,..ti,. irrlrcrrrpL rtl utt,'i ,ritt,l 1111 -s{) liliir':':
sl r tts, rt'ul.
Llt-.nl.actrtlo rl0 si'nzor 1irrl, ilr'e:l irsilr,,i'lrrl ,lilr l'iqrt|lr 1,1,
(l('lrstil)t'il ",'11,'111r'i,1,'plirrri'1,irt.
I tt tli"litIll'tl rlr'''it''';i lt):t't'l
,ir,,ti,',in'rt. in .,'ltitr'1,. iz.,,lr'rti.a tliltlr'r' plri''rrlllr' 111 'l:1li''".lrr'-
Ittri,'srr l'il rlr'l'uatlo l,tllrit "rriilrrtc' Sr'1r";rl" lt'l'.si si 1rr'.1'liit:r
rilelal,rzat, Pcrrtnr rirrtritil.ie inlllrinlatt.r, t:(l , iltlrltl llt .('{}sll{rrlr'll
conlacIeloi siru nc,r1i,,r.ir,ii galr,,rri,','_i'tt rrrgitt.l. s;ttt itllrl.rrtrll.i]l*:
i,r,rri,iofrifo 1i a llcrririi slia!iil,rt lilrct,'t'tt_lrt.. rltr polislircrr.
il,,f,,"oit:uo ahinrirrilrltri sau alirilrti estc (ltllll r'itirtrlit'trl ri
'litl rrrtttz't
itrirliirii ntr)[altrlor, t.r.slr{'r,LiIr., {)iZi ('iil'(' ,cirrt iz.olilliiti si titt
rr0l l'i rrtiliz;rli rlrttrl ,.,,'rrlir, l{,
'lrr
s('|llZilr'. l)i'1;rt,lir rlirtll't':{'tl/"r'
'li,,s,'ilut,,1'1t,,ttle
l'i rl,r z,'r'i situ sttl" rlr. ttlr'lt'i' titt'lttlt' llt;r*tll"-t
,i" f,l"i tiinl-l o lititt'tr-r lrrrnii iz.oltlic. altft'l tttortlir.jrrl l'rrrrt'liri-
noilzI r-,4 dcLet:l tlr tltl tttl)ezei't]i slrrt Ilrllii*"
in ligrrr.ir,l), s1 ur,irl.ii iirlrrl trulr rttrtttl:r,i rtl , rt ii'llz')l ,l'r.'r
lr
selvi lu tlr'rttst.t't.rii',ra lrlte'i .,'cutii nlilqi(:("', r'itt't'lit:tl.t trrlt'tI
,'inife toL felul rlrl Sllllete) int:epirttl t'rt ..tltir'iittir'i". r'rttllitttrirr'l
"ai
.,a"tr"uniit,Ur,i";i at.unci r-'inrl e Slt'jrrs rititi lttt'r'r iti ttritiit'
s,ri"rirluli'' cill'tl sl)ol'ie. (lunl e l'ealizuLri''' ll rrll'-o t';tsrllii i'o11l't"'-
ii,',',,,,1'u',ii,',
'nr.{i'rrrrx
rrr,'lirli;r;rl. r.rr r)rr,l,rlizrrtt'rr itr r'lr'ti.r'.
rrr.irr Eravtirc (ru rill :ir,l' rle ()[el sc rlelarqcazi l'i1ii ,lr'. , ir',';r
i...2
']rn,.
L'irt'r' ttl,'iil.ut'-o,' zttll+rlc iz'rlntttr'. 'l
'll lllrrl rlt: rlls"tt"
i,,;.r;,t;;;i;1, ir,rt tln ittr trspeci ..1t'iirrtilir'" lirttlii'lir '' irr'('5lrii
;,,',it. ;'', ,ii,ir,,,rri',,r,',t ,,1,1''',rlttt"t.ii ii 'l*' 8''S '.ii .rlr' liiclil''
trtttrltt,:lr)rll'{'(';l11l;rl,irlrrii'.''' tltst'tttlltt litrit"zislp s(i i)l'r'tillt'r'lil
iri tret'r't'lti irlt, tltltti seltz{)I'tlc Iliilrt,t: 111;11t' rlittit'ttsitttlr" 1rl'i'r!
t',,rlnatul r.rrJrrrlrri. llirtr,'irtt,'lcs. s(:) 'rt1' l'rtr'rr pr't l'oltrlii ltlrtlr'ri
,lil,zor'. irr irrl{)l'i()l'lll ('tlllii(li i} stll'ili1)lll l'r' 1"'trl I rl.lrlrri jrrr
rlouir l.lntr'r'ii tle latttllrtli lcgaic irt ltitt'trl"l ttlr tlti'ti/'tl *t
lrlr)ntil jrI r'lctrt rrrtlit.
{)Ai,e rr' i re lrrtir{(i illilSit qi ttrt tt'r,rl_{)l'is r'll.t',rlitr'. r,';t riltitr.l
,:inri e rrtitls. tru irt""''i sir {i1rr" ' is'r i'i lri,.-'r': l" ir.lttllrl'rtt;i ii '
1rr',,ier,'tarr', ,rilt'e tlt,:i'il,r rrl"irlir'. 'l''rigrlr" tl;i si ltlirsitt't' l ltli'r'
ilr,.,rrlt,!t't ,.lttrrl sii s.liplits' ;i la irlitrg''t t"
" 'ituir"qttttrl
tlin l'itr'rr'tr 1) l3 ltorrle' *i l'i'r llirlizirl l){' itt'lrliili
.risIer.n. l.in f,tr,rnal rrri nitrl rrr.;r Poltlr, l'i lii,.rrl tlirttr'-ttt] I itl] !lr'
;,irr.li,' ltllllttt lll"{li, irlllt'lli". lilr rili'lttitr" {l l{)l}' itl ';rr'" 1'r'i
i i,* rrl,i uil,'(1,'l.i ti1, /lri. l"rilr'.irrl sr' 1t.;tll ir'l;''1"'-.:r
irr , irIrrl r,i,llr,lrrlrri. r,o(.rrlirl ,lirrlr.-,' ;tllii , tliirrl;i .,1" 1rl'r-rt,
1,,,rrt,,1, Brrtr.lirrirrirrrnlrr. lor.ul rlil'rtr,rtrtrltti l'iirr,l lirlrl rlr' rt
"itsr';i
(} :'lO colrrcl.ia cristal t (rolecliil cris{ill O

niiniaturii. Al,c,rr!ir, lr scr,srri tle contt:tirrr.. irl ciistii: iunr'!ie de
st'trs, r'urrrlarrrorrtrrl 1r',ali, l'i rlil,,r'il rirIrrritii lurr:n1.u]ui tl+r
rrrrrrtttr:l,iz.in't-r rlirl. ilt, ( (,r)slln'ul It'ltr,zl*lrrntltri lirilrl. Sl,irrrleltt
rlitr sirr,ri, rlt ol.r,l t|'t.ir.t'l:.lii lrerrlrrr irrirIt' 1i lririolr.t'. lii fr:l
llt si ttttt,ll zt,tii, riu,l;tli;rrrl'.. ;illi,1 rr;,.sr' 1',,lii urttri sertzor'. I)e;i
iir rlrriurlltr t'triliritriiii iriirii:rtrttii stlrrt'ttil t'trtiti slrrll flecil 11 t-i
t'r'irli71-11'1, r'rr rliirtzr,r'. lr,i rr-i srrr'lrr'izir ,' lr,irrt(, llill'r,. .ltt, rt,ali-
z.irr'i in lli,,r,iitiiririr.l l)rrliti t|,r'illlt si firrrtr,zil (:niisl,r'rit:t.o-
lulrii.
lllout;r.i ili rritirtilr
I
r,;'.t, 11l ti1i.r,:,il ii riltit,',lttl;rti'.
-l,rllislr,lrtti ls11' 1111 111u111ir.i sirrllrlrt' ' rtt'' tttr ltt'lrrri.' s'-i
ii1t.ri.iisr,it ,1,, P,, iliirslt ilir.i ttrltti r:riltslttt, l,,t",,til1lt)l' Si (1il!r)
.,, ,1,,l,',',1,,',1 t, 1lc tititt't' l'riir rs ltrt)l t tt rl"lrisl iil'('il l i!lli(lil il lllir it'
,li.ir,,.lirilli itr ltl,)tllir,jrt riirt ,.,'1,. rriiti rliIr't:tt'. 1,;1','1ritt,i t'tl l'it(liil-
,.,.,.,,1'1,',,,,r,. l.r.i,,,irt,l llr,irt r,rtlt:trlill a)iltl, r,lPr,l t rlttir'r'l rlrr Ilttz.tttirttl
si per,rniiinrl {,hiilr, ,l*'1,,,,,,,t',',, llll()l' l(,lIr i:'.,rltt'i' siltl lllf)lllil.io
rrirtl i,.rrrlrli,.,rlr'. .lirar',rrla.r.rr sr' l'lt.t) il;til r'-,r ,'ittt..ttti'it liiilr't'it'-
,lr, litntr,rliril. silu ( il i,r'il lr;rl r'r,ii r',ri rrtt,l,'. lrt':tttsirt.t' irt llill ill(']'
,:iU,rr l)r)t rlrri,ri t.ilttit lrtili lil it frtl,rsit'r: rtirirl{'t'itiil. t-irr i.ilitili'rr-
i;rlor,t.li. lA 1rr.iz.it,u,lit,'*. ill)ill'iliil ttlllli atil'{loll irr plrts llir lliitsiL
,l,r lur.t.u; iri ctrz. ,,; s1, 1lorr.sl.c, s(-r ll{)i1 1.(r t'rlnslt'lti tttrttl tlitt r'r'trl
,i,,_*r.t.isrr llr i,ll,,,111,r111;i.jr'. irr sltr'lii ull ll';lllsi'(ll'l)liilill'lii () lillrtlr')
,1,' t'i'rlt'r'stl t't'.
r,prrriI f,i r,r,irlrrl r.ir,rl rrrr r.rrrlio-
,lr,, 1r'',rrisl rrlrri irrrriillr." (.u l.i{t-
rtur'ilt' llr,;ill rlt' r,lrlir,, rrlurir.i
r, !ii. .i,r,i vt,r.ilir.lr.t,;r r,lr;rirlrr ;r
It, 1ri,'ir1'. 1,it,sr, rlivt,r.sr,. irrlr,r.-
t,tt'ltl ttl ,ii'r r.rtitrrl fi,, rrrr lrrllrli-
,l;r. l'i,.r'il r.i rl,,r,ri trrrr,i i.llrrlo
tl;i itlrtr;ir'i tt'r'(.(,t1,ir s+,tntrirlt,lt,l.
rl ill irrl lrri'r'lrl tnrrri r,irrlir,r.r,(.{,1)-
'(,lllrr .i trfrr,i ir.;rsr,tri rl,' tiu,lii,-
t;'pri,i rl'.li'r'liuirr,;r'r,isllrrl;i.
llir :' itt'ttl;t iti';rt.itlt:1ili. ,.;tt.,. r.
'{ii, rrn irrirlilil'ii.lrtol rlr rirrtlio-
kawt,ntiiw
L.rfD-.tUf ,--.
AI4P
10...
| {olcctia cristal a colectia crislal +

lrt ligrtlil lI se irratli [eltri t'trrtr se porili:r rtralizlr pract'icr
Jtcest, n)onti'r,i. Iititoiiircrit uliui rlifuz,.rr dtr riltlii,l'it:are itt t,ttsoLii
tler plastic c tlc ilst-rtt(rttrl yrosillilir .-- itt t'itz. i:ii.*r, inlt-it:ttielt,e
potin!iomr:trul bohiriui. r'rt trrrttl c'u irtl,ret'itltiilot': se cxt:ltttle
trtns1'orrtrirtrtrtrl tlt' t:rrltll i. sr, ttt'at'iit'ii pt,r'foral..iilt'r rtrtcr,,*ttt'tr
fix.{rii ururr pit,srt' si lrttrrrLr si lrirrtl ttt irlitttt,titllr(l sr,} l)lts(ri'rzii
patru bater'ii lifi rnirririitir'ii ilt.t't'il. irt sllittt'i(.r casctt'i. liolo-
rr.'it tr tlisll,lrt'l.it.lrirsi,'tlillllil lit,tril.t't. irrliiir.r'.ii tle t'1t.t.ir.orliilli.
{il ,1,t'l-;'1 . ltr lir"':t:r'"t f
"'""'
t-l'LI ir"li"r'.1 " :''l it' rlI t lri"li (li!r('
lrl,.i';;.ii,i'*','t,'i,,,'"'""tt.'"tt,,'l''; rlr'.1 {rtt{r llz' f.e.crrl'iL ltr
r',ri',: ttt'(,(rIr(]il (t]jl(rTl',u'tttit
''l
tiulttt'bir tlr-' si'rlsijrilii' tlttri ales ln
rrir.t,li:ttti...i'sititlirrlistarriri(.t,.iiltlt|lltrttrt.r.tlt,stlrsils(}11(|rii.
strt'il liir{ t'r'iili,r' r;rirrilrl
r:r,risirirttrl rrriirii ir.ir-1r,,'
+'ii q'r'l ;rl t1ir,r)i;{.ilii)t'
I i1. 1l
rrt'ir ritr li - rrrr t',,1t ittrlilriiii. itrtl'ttt'il
liilrrlt' rll atirrilrti'i rlLr { irtiir tlt' t'tltltts
t'r,gl; r i i' r lr, I'rr lr r ili.
(|slill{oult' arrrllir
[,'tiiu.tc rrrtrlt,. irprirr,,tti' tlis{ r.lrt,l ir i, 1rr,1 i'i irry-,'sl r.trIt, r.u rrltil
srttt tniri trtrltr' ,li,tri,t'iiluitt't' tlr' ltrt,liol'tt,!' 1:rrili1, {.riil'e sit (,nrilir
Iorttrt'i irrtrzii,r!r,. sr,rtirritie rlt' itlr,rtrzirrei sul,('l{, ( irrr' sll irrril,,
;tntriltil t' inr,rrfirri s(rrli;l f' rlin rriil ur'ii. ,iit,r))i'n{,til riil)lil.ir.i(' ,iinI
us{tr (ltl reirlizul si iir l'iu'rri'lr l2 sc alatr:i rrriri rnrrllo rrtorrll,lo tlr,
os1,il;'1()iu'e (,iir'(r lrrit Ii rcalizalr] ('ll uti.ilriirc,t'liilr'Ir'sirrrIil'. iliu
1,ir,511 1ur irrrlonrirra oliiriil'rri iLnillor. I'apttrl ('ii !r. [)i'(rzlritii Lilr'tr,
rrrttll.c vitr"iilrlte. ('tt r'c':rullrrtt' iisr:nri:rrrii!ltrr'r'. rli,noIii Iot riili
pc,sibilit;,iter rltr alesrrlrr liirit:lie rle fxrsiltilitrili. l)rplrirrrt,ritil-
t*rtt i,hiltl il uni)f trsr:iltrttrirrr,in sirro l)(lirtl ('(rrlriiiirri rlt'rlrr{'nr0- !:a, r-
I colere{iit crisl'utr o
;1i01
'',?)
I t.t ...
, ll:'
I unlt
'glt ffiiiff
'?"^I*i,Frl
d;t_n
i: Il"il(:)..t
li i,J I!7
,g),, iF,,#i
'll I cokrcfi;,r cristirl I -.t

,,,,,,,, rrri,: pdrrr,,,.,tti,,,,'iifill,rrir s,t) I'ltr.'r'tlrr Ilr r.r Ititlr.'titl lilnlti
1i,,t,,"r,,,,,,,] rli, ,r,j i. y,1'sirr'r.lirrtlrr-s.,'tt slyir'tt'{tt ltrtlttr1iirlca,
i,., ,1,,, i,,,,,i,,.,a r1r
't)itl
e rlisl r.t!qo I rrur:ri,rlrt'trl. :j,rlii rrrl.,irrt'tt
i,,,,,i;i,itii p,i,rt*, 1'i rlelrliz.irtii l'ir' prirt s, ilirlrllitrert virlc'r'ii ilirpll-
,,if',',,.,ri,ii. fir: in lirrtilr,lt,s{rrl tl,r rrirr|i I Ir';ristr,t'illlli rlc llrrla-
,'ir,,,',j,,'i, aln,ilit'r';t r':llr,ltt'r':t ltti s;r rttt l'il, tlrlrtsit qrrll ll liilrl-
,rli,,,i.' ,, 1,,,1,,t:i,,,,t'rr i't'r'si'';i Irtl itt'l .
rltrr''' llr llirtt'ttt-':'ll'':a
i,,,,,r.;rf.,r.irlUi. irr litur,rr :ll li s,r 1r|r'r.iitl,t I' t,lriillrlir tol".1lo
i rrrrr:il'or.rrrilt()t, it lilll;i oitilirLrit' ,,,,,1;,r. l)oirlr' li rltilizi'l rr|irr0
I rirriz.ist.crat'c t'{ttttltlrtttt,'ittiitr', tlilt t.ti.t'tl '[ L t i'' [;1.'..'r;rrr. !t'l
r u t't,r'rill,irr'rtr , i'iri silicitr. rlc t'st,tti'Ilu A(l lral. l'. lil' lil"i,
liil i0?...1t.tl1. lll: rrri,:r,serie. sittt r:tltir.trlt'tit,'.'l rirnzirtut'rti '1
:i
ri6al-u fi rtrrrtl tltr 1,tti+'t-g i,tr-lr.lit'sitti c[i'lltt'rttltrt'' tl;'t'rt'ttr1'ltt
.tt; lSU. ,S7. li'- sittl cirllivirlt:tlttr r-rLt g{'rrl}lilr;rl' Itt trlrz tltt
lirir, tiglirt,rr tlit l'rirrr.Ig si.gl,iii ilttrUlti, l.t(:fl t1] s'.lrtri,ltzitlt' cl(]
,'iit,r'tr .rc,,rttlt[,:. s.{l l)r)iltc rrtiliiir qi urt t|alrzistot' ile litttr'te
rrrir.ii. cle 1iiIrl,r ct cr,ic tlirr pr.irlelr dotrii rnurrIir.i1. r,r't'nluill .pl:
,,,,1.,s,i1.r respcct,ir,t-t S() "it lllOlltit tltt tlti(r t'trilirrlot'tlt,:rltitriirritt,
,',,'r,,r ."tegt,lt:{. pc'rtt,nt t.li''i}ratta tiritltrrii- In f iStrlrr ll l)' lrrr
ris,:ilaIrir.iiudii, i, rt,,a]izut rii,. tr.scrrrt-,uea cu rlouit lliirrzisIr,r't't',
,lt. lil.t l.,rt tt rlt, rrri*ir l,uIr't,(:r] trarrsf'orntnLrit'ul norrri',il'iiii'l rrtiii:,trt,
,,, l,i,irin'l,j os,'ilitl,,t'. ,'i t,tt,,t,ri lr(.ttlt'tl {,ttIl;,t,;t rl,lrtr"rttllt.i.
r'r,ltrsi frri,t se intirnplir;i lil rilt'rrttrjLrl tlirr'.fiLlrrt'ir l-l l'l' trrrrl:'
,l,,rn'r ir,anziStrlrrr{,r tJc" rriirit grttLirre sitlt. ctlplirlr' [rrI irt ttr"tttli
rlt,rrrultivillratirr. Scrtrtir.,rir ilr' li,lt'sir't'ir tr'iu)sf,r'ririitut'ttlrri tl,'
;r,i:rr,litr.r,t'.)itlrr l'i ol,lilrrrl,,l,t'itt ttlilizrrr','it trt'tti ir;,tti.i-l',t'
.,1,;i1';11, tr,',1;11 rv 'l )i 1l'il" t2' l'l). Ir':rllz.ist'-'t'.'lt'. l't.rl' lr' rr""lit:
siill ntArr,, flTit Orilil Sia ltr,iittrt. ltr llrtrrtlrr jtrl (,. ['tl tir,,r'll,.i
sUt'l)riilzirir)r rln el'icrrr,c 0 t,r.'l rlin figrrr.. 12 (i. irr r':rrr. lrr'l'irrir L.
r,u.rrritrz r-lin lr-rlr'. l,r'irtt'l'i (-,ti('r,llt'ittlitl til tt'ittts{'trt'ttttttt,t'tltr
lr'sl11r FiIll lll'(11's()'' r[t'l'irz.ii.1rr,',rztrl rttitti It'ittrtli't'trtitlot'tlt'
i,,rirr,. seuuudirr.rrl poirl r.r f i k'fjitt rlir,r,ct. la rliltrz,,r'. llt'birrir /,
l,,i,ttc I'i irtlt.,ctrilii rtt t, llnLiitli tltl t'irst'ii. satt t'lriilr'('Lt o ("tslii,
,,, ,',,,',,r cirz irtrrliliii st' r,itlittr' Prirt r illr"irt','i.t tti{'ntlit't.ltrt'i cir'tlii"
I rr rrrrrtrlir.i ntiri 1rt't'1,'trliorr t't't'i tli:r l'ittrrl'ir l12 ll" rr'r iirlt'iilt'itl'
,rsr'ilrl,,,
"i',,ttr,,i,j,,1.1rt'lllct'ertlir
t.lc 1 0()() ltz,. l,i t',tz r.'ii trtrrlrtia
lrr'lririt sii" rlrlt't,zt'rtiti nrrrlt tle tritcvtt stri'tttttlr,' sc p''r'li'r',r sii
sr, 1,11111r'2p tlil'rrzorrrI prirrtr'-tttt tt'ttttsfot'rli-illi)r' rlr, t rrlrltr.i. rrir
,', ll tlesr'risc itrttt't'iot'. .t'r'caqi lrrt,t'lrrIii' 5i lrr rr'itliz:rllil llr{)ir-
t;r,iirltri rlirr figrrra l2 l. irr ri1,(,oseilitl()l'rrl utiiizpttzti rr l'('It'il
,1,, r'rrttt'(ii. irr ilrrl-'lrr 'l'. Llorrtl,jr'lt.l 1'rreztrt)tilte^ ('tl tl'iitlzi::l,rir'{',
, {,r' l)ir}sr} tlc crtlitittt'. rtrrri trlt's citpi{(ril()ill'(llrt tl{' t'trl,lir.i t'ir|t'
lrllrtrit sl lic <lt'llrrira crlitltr,, izolitl,ic t:it ttriti ltrrtr;i. iitttit lin-
rr;n'(:iI li,l'l)ollo li tlsi'lttt'illir lrlirt poIfi1'l1t,u vtrlor'ti r't't.istuit-
lllor rle l)()larizitr{}. irrtl'tt ii '1i rnirlitttLttrt 1} '. l,ll l.ir ''
rrrrrli{itt lrirtrLe l'i pt'{'ii trttlttsit ('tt vl)ltlttl 1rt'ttIr'tt ;t prtl,'i' I'i
:r,siztrtii; iar sprt [2 t sltt It'rrsitrrri si ntai lllitl'i, ('l't'st('t'islrrl
,l1i'ee iirlii tyttttzislgttt'g111'. 1''t It'itttz.i-qt6r'rt't' si' lr()t trtilizit rt,,ri
,rlr,s t'rle ('trl'o rtu (:otltitt rlirr tlivttrsc ttrt,tivt'ltttirrtitt'ii irl irlIt
-, irt'ttir', rlt' l.rtttttlrlrt t'r,1'[i1,i1l111 tlt iillllrlilir'irrl ttti'i I'{'iltls?
Ic.!a
;, colcclir cristnl C t colcctil rristal 27

?,gilrnoL ltrut'.) rltt ltllttl, illsLullilil,rltrl Ierrriit"i' .'ctlilsta llu
irr,seaDrnir oir srt pol f0losi l,l'anzi.*toa|r: 1,.rti'rl tlt'lecte, rli ut,ili-
z_a.bil+:, sorl,itle tlo la itll-tt rrl-ilizari. rrritl0 rrU irrrl"Plirlt'Hrt t'rrrl-
,latnelrlsll *1,iln1,r1. S| lril:ilI itlr.r'lr'rt ittlo,'ttit'r'it ttattZtsloill'tlOl'
,le slr.rr,,lttt;i /lti1l r'tt Ili;rttzisln;tt'rr rl,'Ii1t t'1rrr. 1,t'ilt s' lritrllttrt'i"t
.,rlrsrrlui,1,' 1,Jq,ri,';'l ltatrlrirri rirr rtlittlrrttt.ilril ri Hl i'api1{'it{)41?lor
'rleclrolit,icrl.
trr rrlt.irtrul I irirlt, iil l|l{)Ili(,ir]lt) rlrr
-
rrs|ilal{,itl'{l ilrldio se
l.gl,r,sp-qr,.,,rt glitrrieirIt) 1(:tiq,lit,r1'1;1il'i1irr',,. ttltr]lr) iiir(lttite
i,r1u,q.rai,,, l)0il1I'u r.irlr,rrlitlr)ill'('. l)i) r,rt't-,rl,ltt, , ir', ttilr'lo 1iil;ttlir
N.NJ), r'irt'tt.iill trirttlllli,'tititi tttltlltl lil tttt l"r" itt il{'t't'ilsl
,r;rrrsllir,1 l'r t,irli., ll llliii rrttlllll itrlliit'i. ':;tt't' l)til !'i (:()l!(rt'1'at'e
t'.
irrr'1ir.ttilr,_r.,..1 1,ir.. 111r,rri ,lI r.orililil(l;i. l',ristii .,l)-tl|i ,'rr
,!rtrra, lr.rri silrr si rrriri rrrrrll,'irrlrrlIi. lr;'11i.'ri11r'i'lltt'r';t lrlt'itt
U,,,,,:,ri, f , fi,tt,ar.r, ,l!,,rri,,rrl .l) rlrrlirr,: i111 r.lt'1i;i'itl ,rritlllil'it'tt-
i,,il,, ,t*,.,iri1ii.,r. 1r,;rrtris1,,t'rtltti i'il.l'llll{'litl ili',,i tl rrJr:ril-r.ril,
,iirt rr'Ir'lrt 1111 1 1'r1111i'rirl;tt'tr {'ili'i' i'l'{'l'sf ii;l;i i't'zlt slrllllla]tlllti
1rr',,r,ri, ,,l iir. irrlr',lr','. l',ii'lrri Ii|r'rriir'.1ir''ilt'lrr l-1"ltS()R'
.r:rlr ('r)l),sll'ttlltr lrlttll'tl :ti'i';l>iii I'lrtt''ii''. 'tr I ilrl li sittv-tltit
1,r1,,,,,,,,.,1r,r,1,i,,r.i lrlirslrlt,,.i{qr '-iitsr,ttl;t.t'r'iiSi ";tli:rtilll. tlr'tttr-
111i1.q1 si,rlrrrl l l'lii5()l'i :iil'1'1 1t1'1 '
'Irr
l'igrn'a [2 .l sirrl Itrrzlttlitll rlrl1;;-r "'' il;'l'r;llr' itlliiirr t.)t'
''ir','.rliiiLf ltz.t'r'itli;.it1,ti',,','t, tt.i ''l''tit"rti" 'iirilr''.rrlls{'til'ltt
1,,'1:i,1.s,rr.. tiirr t.trr,,,,.r,lIiiiiit: ll,r,i Clr,l|,rriltr ;ir,l l': rililizillc l)c,ltl'li
,lit, ,,r,.il;,lcr. lr1 irllar l'r.r,r,'r,lri;i. lir, {'rr ii.iirl,rrrtl.tl l'rri
'nrr'!iN. l). irirlii't'ii'rrt rl,' tttitttrtt'tii rlr' iritt'irt'i. '['rttii. lt'r't sittl lr]iil
iritlt.p, ('rttri('i;lir'itt lrirt;,1"i. lir'z"il;rltrl r'i'llrili'"'l't'r'l'liirl sii
",,',,i,'ru,' i1i1'11liil r';r ;tr', sit'r l|t '!il'' i'"-ii"'1i"i li 1rt'r'r|lliiil{1.ii)
,lit'ltlile I itlillltll li'ltlt'rlr"rit't', '1i11 1 ;11''' r'i 'r rrl{'l.l.iri't ;rl' l
,t.}
1.'lirr,,l,,gi,r
'l"l'1. :rittr J) l l, rlrr ilrrl't'tl;ttt1". Irri' jr' l'r'trltrt ;tll
i;p,f,, lllrrr,rl,,li,r,l,'rrrirrriin t,]l()S. srr *lili.,t'i,zri itllt'c.ltt'rtltl
nul,,t,,,irrr1,,,,l,rrri;t.l'oltt'Ie lltitt'rl rltl ittit'lrt't'. l:t'ltt'l,it"ltl.lilItttri-
i,,11i,r i ll.' .','tirr;ri'rl 1;1r''1:ot'i'r''' 'l"tttlll'i" 'r l'l)li ir"' l" -'rtt
i"--i t,il (l'si s, lri,rri, i,ii1r..rrl,'i irri ,' ,rt'irt;riri itt trttt'tt'it tlrl st'ls
;i i.isrrr.ii t.2 .1. Sr,,,i,,,,,ilitr,stir l'rrlrttri 1-;-i l:1 i,r'i,.r'r lir'rrrril inie-
-],.,,f. ,,,r','ri,lrrii,' lrr ;,illi ',' 1,fit ':'" rlr' rlr';rt'llrl'',',
"'!:l'll'']',:.'l
i,, l,irllrl i t *,' 111;1sr'llZ;i lrt'l tllt ;'lttt ;r.111trr'1 rlr' 'rllrlt''rtl;lt't" tilr
I,r irirr'l ?. lr,t'lr,t .ti'{lr-{^'l',r,liit il(r(,Sl.e,"it't'ile I,gii:rr I'llrtseSc
nrlrtrai l,.rtsirrrri'rr ,lrt ir ", Irtlrlrrittlttll sl,ll;iiizrrt,i. Se ll6atrl
rrtiiizrr la liniilii. tlrrniti l)r'llir'!l ils(rlll{}llr-;} rlslillltottt'tl, ti.'nsiu-
IrFR tlr,, 4.; . rlilt;i rl+t 0 lt.rir'r,irt ltlirii rlr,r littltrlt'tirt, ltt sLal'e
1,r',,;rrlriri ii. { I [1,s1*i11tit' iii.ril i,.;l - 1;orlic iliri! rtrgc c,irr,.uit.rrl
.rillrtlll. tit ii.;rir';r 1'),,j liiciliitriti. irr rlrt.alrIir. tr figrtrat.ii
,i,lii:^ulir i"ir,'niltlr,r" N,i{,U. r'rrrriii ulrlr'. 1-1r i'itt: tlr-rtrl"r irr t.rtiri.
,lirr seriill tlr, l'rtl,rricitlir'7i)ltl strtr (ll)ll lrtltt siiu (i ll :iii [.t"
!rr il'ilsii" iir Pirrtc'lr rlr',ii:s il ii('(.lriilsi I'igrrli. ctirrr,,rirlriilL'llr
r,irrii cir',riiiir;lui tri;rltr -'NI) r,rr rilc llr.i iritrirli. SN'i/r1(r
lrlr {l])[i 41ti l"l1. Srrnrrlrirrl arrtlir, rlal t]ir lresir, tisr,ilirti'urt,
, rl iut'i.,r'srilur,lrrgii'r, ir(ritt(.li trir,ii:, tlc lir irsilt'llr lr t'irstii tlt'
i,rrlrr.,.litrrii ti,r"rllt' sini L!r,ilr'('. rrr'ir)tt -titt tirl'ircili,r' tltr ().I nrilt''o'
iiirirzi. strrr itrir'-tit r[;l'tir:(il' 1,r'ilrlr.i.rri ('lgitri illr t'lt't,lrolilii"
' l cafrir{ irrrlt'ir rlr' {r)ir.iiu} l{l r;rillol'itlrrz-i. y,lt'l'r,t'alrr! uiili-
..irrr.lrt-st 1rt'rr! r'rr i;r"ltrsitlt, uii I lltirs,{ol'rttlttr.'r' rl,' t rt1,li.,,i, lrri
, i,li' i1*'rllir.r' lrriilr'inr'. St'iiutiriul lr{r'l[{, fi r.rrlls rlr, irsori)(]ii(iit
;i tlilr',,1 irt i"rrirlru'ir rlitrll'r'1rr'inrirl:,i rrl rlli!,'ir t'lriricrrl itrvlt'-
.rrr'. l.t'1 lrl iiii;'-lnr ('irlll{:illt", I ir i,:tt cir liirt'rilt irr i ir,'rril r.rl
riilt'!:.rll r'llrtiltrti'iirrt'r'si,i,l"i.srrri N..i l) rrr.li,li'sitt'. ttr'r,,*tt'ir
1,,,i ii Iut;irrii,L'il iiiir,,,lr,irrt rr{r,|,'iitr'. rliri irli{,r'rtl)ilrl,,,iir.i{'rl}ii-
rir'ili,it'.*'. i'li,i lrl rlr" ;r lir:ttiir iti r'r1,r,ult, rliii,r'itr'. tir,irrrlrir',lit itr,i
tirirr'i.ioitirt'i,;r ljrril irliiili,triiii,,ri i.,.t';tr',,rii,lir iit't't,t.r:,i i.lilsii
,,j1ir.i11;i 1i il1r,i,;ir,i lir1i, lir itiir..;-r. llrri{'it.i l}f, 1,1111, 1, lrriiiir,
,ltlril:i nl, r,1,,r;rlril t.tl) siir iirir,ri.lt i,tlt'r'iIivir rriilir'"rrIi,
.li, iirrtr+,l.li"rrir'il r' rrrrrlitii,lrriri 1,:1!r'r'iiir'ii i"irrrlii'iil sii sr.iriir"r-
,ll+';:,'tiri 1,t;'1 fi;riri r1r'llrrrllIir'lrt,rlilrrzlr'. i'tril:li'llir. tlt'
',{'ii!iriir r',,i ,lir iltut'r, !:i ii triitlr,;r rlitr rli',itir[;q
;,ljtttt i;t1i1. rlr, ;rrr,ilt,lt'1,. lii li,ti,ritii,r';t tlr. ,li.-r...ir '. sitrr ltLltlili
''ilr.i,rl {iit'rl, r'ri I r'ir!icl,rt.i'r:rir,i rir' ilsit't,. lir n ill:rirttit, lrt;ti
iilill{'. llr l ' ..{i
liri ir li'-, l. rtl] ('ilril) ,.lsl 1l{'
l{rirl iiir)lrirriI ri.ri,i ti1' i'r,;tii7l'l
rii,'l,t"lr'. irt'r,;{,,1ii lri t, iir l)ir!ii!;14'
"llllut'i {'n y,{.nr'r'!t1(filt't' iu{{li!,
ilr I'i,"lrtr'r, i.i. t'rl,' iiiiii;ri lt,lril lttrt rr' li{)irl. i1;.111;il;11,.
,r nii.il,,;1r',. l,rji,ir;tr,. iir t iiti rr r;;itirrir.. litr {/(.r'1r./'ir/trll'1i. r.ti
i j,iii,i'ill cu rti;t :rii sr, Ir,slr'r't, tlil.tiit:iit ritii/'" l)r'r'sl)itlir,. l't, r,
,,r'r'tir (1,,' ir,'rttrt srtir tiritlt'r')rrl lrilrsiii'. s(' ['i.rllrzir llrr Ir'irscti
I'lirlli. r'r1 i) l!.,{rjiii rii,t'f'!l'ulirtal. ('r,r'uiirt rlrrlrii tlni'ilrlii. tiiri
rrr ir f....li !ri ili.riil'rlir tlr'r.rir,l. ( ir (liirril{,lrul rlt' ?...,nr nrrrr. Iin
Ii iitiin|'i:j irri,t|i'ilLl lri'.rlr' 1i []rr{rt giisil. {.iirrrl l'olilsit lii tl r'o'
,,rilr.i,tritr',r i;:ilrrll !irrr i'r,toiii tlt'Ii1r rrrlri lt'r'lri. in {'iir!ol.ii
I
rtl,'gt'r'L'i,
,jlrrrt'ii,,r'
'i{}
28 O cole(:lia cristal t
e tt-rlcr{in cris[lrl

se plirseaz[ un Eencrator (le lo]], tu o schern,q. aleasl din cele
prezerrlat.e arrLcrior', dtt clxcrtrplu, ut'ictlre din primele qase,
bateliile rle alinrernl,trrr qi difuzorul. Iin cillig, exeoutat din
ircelasi malclial, se fi-reazri iutr-irrt ntiner de lerun sau plas-
'1
ic, rie [)-errplu, un 1,ub tle la tin clcion ntr-'caltic sau pix
scos din uz, si se corle(rteazif prirrtr-Lrrr i,itblu suplrr la genera-
Ior'. asir rllni -ce aratr'i irr prtt lca ,lc .itrq a l'igr.rriL Partea ine-
Jarii rr',.,ir"ligrrl rr'r liI ii'{ra cir'ctl E rttttt,iitinreIrrr. Jocul de dex'
I:i3. ll)
if|itate I'rtttslr-t irr lrlirrtlritt'r'it t'tt lll*ttlit';l irr''lrrlrri pr'1r;11'1'111'5111
irtlrogrrlrri It'itst'tt slrilalttt. l'ili1 ir sr'tl,'''littriit srttttltt.rl sh'i-
,llnt al !-r,r'tirt'tltrtt'ttliii, l)r'-qigrlr'. r'r'l {rlllt' r'tirtst.t'ttirllLt) .,apitril-
l,trl'' poirle sii-;i lltlnrilu sri l'ir(.it itt;rittlrr tle ',rletr--trtnstr:a!ia
prrblii'i" stri'irrittrit, itttl,r't'ttatltt'ttt, 1lltr1v,1 1rtvit.a erorile de
ilo-rlci'itirlr'. l'rineirrlt'Jcs. trtr at:,,'lc,,t1i r:onditii ltt au ctli care
irr,icirr',:i Plirna oar.l 1'trnr,i,iorlilr{ra at't'-sttti -iirc. -tizitlrile, tle-
lnuri'.rltrt'ile lriinii dale rlc elllrll ie, r.rbt',scirlit, tlipr naltere.la
,lr,si: irLinstli irttre cillig Ei tlirstiul spiralat setlnalal'e de !iu-
iluli ale clil'uzortrlui;i sc poatrl i:iintti cc amuzamellt' se poat'e
nirlt.e c'lin asta. Pentm a nliui 1i rnai mult ,.tensiunea".jocrtltti,
,, r,r,c"*,,, sir se llreltingr:ascjr sull0trll getleratorului in cazul
utingplilt.ir' 1tle,r icurln. ,cersta sc olrlittrr plin ;untarea llor'
rrclol' l11i rle alirnenIrir'0, cu rrn t-.apac,it,err eli'ctrolitic de t{)r1...
I (X)() nrirrrofirrazi. l)tlcir se facc qi o sernnulizar.e opt,ic.d pr.irr-
Ir'-rrrt becr.rlc(, acestt lrroduce t, rlesciipr'trrc nrili' r,apiilti a
r^irlrricitorului si atrrnr,i r.apacitatr,lr Iui Ir.t'btrir. sii lit rnai
rtritre, tle 2 000...5 00() riiirre,larazi. Jorlrl t,alrritir rrrrr.lt intr-r.c,:<
rl.rrli se jolcir,,ccrntra crononrt,tlu". -*tllrilirrrlrr-str. tle exernPltr.
linrpul tle I ntinrrl,, penlr.u 1.r.ar-()rsr,rt.+rA irrtr.r:crrlrri t,rnserr,
tu ttil minim de gr'eseli, cilr.r: sirrL rrlirt.itttr..r'lgileror.t'' optirrr si
ircustic. I-,4 slilsitul corrcrrrsrrtui, s(r s.(.()u Lr' trirlig,u,l-inel rlt,
pc lrasett qi tlextt,rinrrLrul Jrorrttr l:i lrrrs rle r, l,rirt.ltr, piru-t la r,
rrltir utilizare.
irr figura lll Jl estc ririitat rrn nlrt tip cle rlr,rtt rinrr,lr.rr.
in care un vir'l nttttlir: tr,cbtrir,plintbrrt prr rrn trirscu (le(.ul)at
intr-o placii ntctrlil'rj. Srrlt acetrslir plilr,rr rlet,rrpalir se itl'lri
rtIti"i pltrci-"t mrtalir,rj. lrc (]i.u,{.' toL 1lt',t,t,t r.rrrrrrrr.irii trasclrlrri
lrt,ltuie sii se rezernl virl'rrl nrt't.alir.. in ar^eilstii sil rrrrtie, rrrr
lioctrle, clel c'onLrt,l, tlr. 1'1111r'11'1' vt,r'rlr'. st"nrnalizoiu,.a IinL'r,r,,ir
r,rintactului. Daci nrirur t'eiui t.i.lr.o-si itrirr,irr",,a rlt'rtr,ri tltelr
trlrtxJuce o ilLingcle 1ri' rrirrr.qirrt,ir tier.rrl,rr,lulrri. gr,rr.t,r,atr'nrl
irttdio e pus in fLnLt,lit'. l)lat,a rler.rrlrrrlir se lroate trt't,rr.ta rIirr
trlittliniu, (:rr gr.ri5,i11i1,'ir rle 'l,,5.-./+ n,rrrr. 1rrrtr.u r.ir Iiri1,Ii1111p11
tlccttpitt,ir sii nrr st,, irrriolrirr, se list'aza 1rr.in sr,rr.ubtrr.'l irrtilt.tltt'
in izolatoare tlc It,nrrr stirr lrltrstit,. (rrr qr.osirrrr,ir tlt't.ilt,a I rrrrn.
('arc o <listlnta irrlre t.r,lt'tltrrrir 1rltir.i. l.ilitrrc,l rlrrr.trllir.irrltri
rltt I'a tlepir;i'l-r nrnt. ittr rrrirrl lirirt irr nrinclrrl izolirrrt. r-ir
ltr-ei-r cir't'a 2...ii rtrrrr tlirrnrt'tr,tr. it,i utlst nron{rr.l ritr ah.{ rt('-
r"oic t.le intrer,rr|ritrrr. 'lotrrsi,
;rr,rrtr.rr r.a lralt'r,iile uitultr irr
irrt,erior sii nu protlrrt:ii. pli rr sr.rrr.gcr.ilr'lor.. oritlrrr.eir 1rar.{i-
Ior metalice. se '{ anrtrnrr.irr rrn conrpirr.l,irrr.rrt s.;.rirr.:rt perrtrrr
lratcrii. trcopcritrr cu un capac plrrs,rt srrlr rrirselri. liorlrrrirttrl
ir'iruluil Dupii dor.inli"r - dt, lu folrrrtrtrrl nrirritrlrrr.ri rlrr liuz.rr-
rrrrr, la format oricit, tle nrlrc.
in figura 1l) C, o sur'lrlizti pcntrrr t,rrriosi. () r.trseIii llltrsalii
lrrr s 11119i1, Iin culios isi irilinrle..terrtittrrrltlr" si l,r,risrr,. r.ir-
l,iri ttl casetei .qtrre irrLpirrs rltl rrr) fesort. rrrr t,a1r rlt' prilrrrli bir-
l ;r rtsintlu-se anrclriirl iitor. in srrrret,trl sl ritIerr I irl gr.irer.alt,rulrri
;rrrtlio..O sperieturu.ctrtrsnicir l,rerrtnr ccl lrircrilit,. hc,hr,te r'L'
r i:r in jur. Ce tn:buir.r l'iicut..' Sti ,*e gintltrirstiL dirirr,nsitrrrilt'
: r'cs Lei casete-.,,q pcl'iet oir rr,r" - ft'l u I i r r t r,oru pirt orul tr.i. plil.ra rerl
lrilst lor elelt,ronicc tr*[l,,] r.a sii Iie lt,t. si lit:ltLrtr t.osort, cit li
l)r'ntru calrrrl rle lrirprrsri. (llttlstii prirr,t'ir,ti. rrsor tlt'r,r,zolviiL
r,'lrrrr tlesrhirl r:llt'a unor. proiettirli nrai (,()rllplirilL(r,
3rl C colec{ia cristal a O colec{ia cristal O JI

Oonstluirea uuui roleu
Ilajorilatrta niunt.ajr:L'r rlc arrl,ortal,iziiri rlrtst:t'ise ii.r !u-
cral'ila de faiii, llurt in frructie lll] r'll[]u, (ril.re i1r'il rolul lle a
inchide sau rle il t.loslhirle ilnunrite contuctc in t:ircuiltl il,-.
for[[. Desienr, ir) cr)nrerl. se pi]1, l)r'orirlra leltre, ('tt 1;,iese tl,,r
"*,thinJt ltertLt'u rnagrtei-oi'oano .etu lr.ll npiriltaj ,.lrri:l.rouit-,. lJul'
r) lrlulN rttai simplu" lnrli rtrtorlornic ;i, lrirteintr'les rtrai ilnlrzanb
peni,t'u antaLrtli sri-si corrslrui*srtri singuli rt'l,relc rle r-.are trlr
ttevuie. Ll,-,ttst.r'uit'r'il rlrrri roleu intr-o frrllrii i.rrilaIor'ir.u:irst:ir
rru est,r-. o prrrlilr.irrii glel. rlttr.ncrrtsi l.ii inrkrnrinar',r;i at.en!ie.
Itr:loul ilin Iigrrrir'l 4 crsle;rlt,ili,nil, rlirrtr-o rarnl rle l'ir,'r'
rttrlale, /). 1lit tiuc so l'i rrr;rzir pri lr nil,r.'ir',r rrlr uri,:2,:ilinrlli,'
l.0t tlin fiet'tttrtillc, (.'. J)tt arr'sl, tttir.z srr l'irttitz;i lat't'ttsit ltq'-
binei 13, pe ale rrt-trti r:itl;lcr: silrl. l'i ral,r -"i untle r.olrlilr:irr
*rlectrir-rc alo r:clerrlrri, cilniasa strrviritl ci:l Sll|){irt pr}Itl.rlr ('jr,"
da;tl, trare sirrrplifir.lti tttull, r.:oltstrtri-'tia.,lstfr.l, N)t r-rii1;i"11;11i1.1
inferior se I'ixcrizri ilorrrj clcnre tIe {ai.i]ii lir,'r,n'r,r se arllreclrtirzti
'tilpebele holtirttr.iulrii, iitr' pe,riiPii,r'rlrrl srrprrir* slr) li(-.ilil,j
platinele rt:leului. (-lind ltriirina l'clerrllri r'il,e pll'rur'st'i de rrri
{lu}'onl, oler:t,r'ic, nrittzul se nragrrrrtizoilrit si iilrilgc palcl.a.l
oare e coltfr:r-l,iottirti:i rlinlr'-o hrr,'iriir rlrt lrrltlri *riblire,ln
'! i;j l!
colcclirr etistnl 3
,itrrl, rlip lanril rlr: r';rs, rlc,,r,'liiiilrt" r:il tttlIr't'irtl fititlt.c rts,it,
rlrr;lror'rri'itt. ljrl r.iilr,,1,',t;rr,t'ilii irt l'iilrt ltit,-rei polrrro n olectro-
rrragl'rrtlrrlr.ri, {'u {l fis;{l i.l,r iaiilr:t tlr'}'irrr'titoille proirural,I tle la
,r rrtrtie tlu rlirr:jerlt'. ('irli. srr l;t.riest{. po palr,rlii, rtu a.ir-ri.or,ul
rrntri liil plat. rle rrul)nr. ll,rlrrl ir,rr-sl.tri lril, e rlc a intpierlicit
aliirirea pitlcl.ei rlr: tiiirlzrtl c'llt'lt'rttltrrgttqi tiltri. frrlrt, r'ale ptr'-
rrrite rcr"uirca l'rrpirlii it li la poz.iiiit rlc lcpirrr:. alurrtri r:irrrl
',ste oprit, i,rrrr:rtlrrl,lp r,'r'i.ilrrlic ll r.,lr:r,lr.orirngnclrrlLri. l:,c
palelii, la trn r:a1riil, srr;liiit rrrt rtil. rltr i:onll' 1. rlirr rntl;rl irrr.'-
lirlabil, rlii iu'girrl lut-rsslltr. riiili'r'ittn *- rlirr ,'r'le l'olositc
cit ..lllittiIlo" tltt r'otllrtll, l;t ilulrittt,rlril,. situ ntrtl.rri'ir'lr.l.c - -
itlt{i ilsgnrelreir..p1alirre" l'iirtil l'rliisil''r si lir r:olr la{rtrtle li.n,
ilrt repatrs --- atuu0i ,:inrl t',,lcrrI rrir l"rrrri licrrlirzit..r'rr lirllcttr
rtt,iltrasii ;i r'otrlari.trl tle lrill'ri. ( lr l)ilir:rlrt rli'lsii, lrr rtit'i urr
,11z tttl sq v{ir l'olrt.*i,'it..;ilrrlirtr'" ttil.riri rlrt f''ir.1.11111'q'1i'11.
, llljnrr cflrc i'ulilril(riiz;'i l'rrrrllilririr'*'l ri,ir.ulrri. lii, irrrl rlirr rll ,r
piesJ.*rebril,, trirre nu-$i irtrlr,Ilirrlsir. i'rrrlrlia. (]rr ri,zrrl!at.r-.
',iiscutabile se IloL f,.rl,rsi rri{rrr'i tlirr ll'onz. irllrriii silrr trlnll)rlr',
,:rr obligillil'itaiea cLu'ililii poi'i,t,lir:e il ir('cst{)r (r()r'}liir'i(} si
jrusibiliLatea tle surplize ri()l)ii,itul,'r.
,1a cnrtt s-tl fir:il.irt tt)iti su-*, trrille lirr-ct'lc tttirgtttrlirj{) 1l1i-
huie e-xcr-.ul.a[e dir] fir:r trtortle, irr nici urr rlz rlin otel, purtru
,ril ot,elul r'iit'uins rnagnrrtizirl Frrnrrnerrt, l'rrllt nerlorit lrr rrt
leleu. lJe ircecil" absolul. loritc Irinsclc rlin ['ier. irrultrsiv liic*
stle palrll.rlit se vrlr lirtrl irt l'lirr';ilii ltirtii lir irtrolile rtrir,rgerlri
qi lrpr.ri vol fi ititlcpiit'tatr: ittcclrrl crt irir:trIul, pt'iit at:rasla
n -ri gurinrlu-se clecdlirea.
l,iobinnjul se r'a fai-i{) piuii la u}}rl)leJ'r'a oarcasei, in sisterlr
r'rosor, cu sirnri izolaLri iju {-r}n0il. l-}iirmctrul sirrtiei se alege
in funcfie ele cur'ent,ul tle ar:.liortar'{j ncrr)sil' releului" Nuniri-
nrl cle spire rrr e clilic.
.[ab.i olirrnt,ativ ft:]ul (rirn) so rrr.rl. i'irc'e bol.iinajelr:
I)iirritlIi,-l
sirnrl (in
rnilinreh'i)
;t r' i. iu ti :t rrl
tlrtrr'rtl llczi:;llrrlJ
,,ii,i1;,.1pu' rtttltiir' s;ttL'r'' lrobinai (lnobinai (i
ii,i ;;;ii ;i)]i11'irnlli')
;,i;;'ii d,;;
l
",?' i!-,
:4,
IJubina j
t,ip
,1
T)
{.'
l)
F]
{),3
0,2
0,12
0,10
o,tJ7
x0 000
20 000
2 000
5 000
l(i0
2ir
1()
.-)
2
J. 5(_}0 ,12
:r 000 80
6 000 2s0
e
fabli de fi*r
ptaf
(upru
I r-Bt
Tr|'-#
JJ
l irlr,turrrLup tC,l)t,iq
$ aolecfia eristal e 3$

,l,i1irrr,ilc ile llobitr,,i .4 ;i I ('ott.itl l)entt tl actiottare lrrttt
1fi1117i'. l,,r'rl' Jrttltrl'rr
(itll ll tl c()Jltp1'1 rlc 1'r'zilie',llubirr.air'le
r1 si /) r',,nlil'r l" lrll'll trtr'trtnjc rtbiln.rrite rle atrl{rnrilllzirl'l'
r,,,i,',,,i ,, -,..',,tt','it'l' ,, t,,l"rr'c i;itol'lllr"lii''ir a bob.irla,l trlrri.rle
liirr..^i,i;r;,,1,,,,i.:i.i1,i,t ,ie bobinaj ./.1
'c,a.rc
ii fritosiL rrr.iai la
,,,.*i, ..f,, 1r.'sirrrrt,'irrirliii. dt, t,r,,r'1,iu lt rrrr,rrt.je r'tr t.ubLrr'i
r'lt t'l i't 'tt
i,.'r'.
['rt rtiirt','t',,1 itl s,'ttsi].rrlitalea Ieli'Llltri il are loltrl ctll)1 e
rl'('siri;t irilr'lil l)l ,,lrlrrr'l r'il rlt' t'r'lratts: l'ttt cottttti'l 1lt'ctl Itrt'tr
1i,,,',"
',,
'ti,'.., ,i,' ., rr'il'llilitlt. ttlr .,lila.l 1rt'r'it r1'111 1111r'r', llt
i ilt,,i,',' i,,,1, t,'i q1 ',l'llr' l'' ilr'l"ltilt' irlttttr't .itirl t'r'lt'ltl t'
:utrir: r ilr'r';rriii,,r . li"rl 'tt1l ''"11'l;r rlitt sit'ilttlr;ttlir lt.l ttjttt"-
,,,1",,,,,,, , i,,-rir,,, ,, -rrl,,,r'lrrlrri 1r;11,'lr,i. lritt:r l;r .r'lrlittr't'r'a
,,lr,,ir,,lLiltti,l,,rlil. l.ir 'l''t**ltLti''''t'
r'r'l.'rrlLti st'r';t littt'seillliI
, u i,,'i'i,',,i,,1 si lit' ,,t ,,,,,i l-'irrt iz'r'lnl tll nrit'z'trl tlrr fittl qi <lt'
,,,,,,,,,,,1,,ii1,ri.1r,,rr11.11 r.ril;11,i,11 sr.rrr.lr.i|i.trileirir'. (ior'1rrrl rtrletr-
Itri Iiilr,i iti ('()llll, l 'ltr l!li 1r*[ irl ''lr'r'ttiltrltti
tltt trtilizar'tr - tle
r,ilirt'i r1'l{';ltlir ,,'i"'i"t"" ltllttlill't';l iiill't't';ir.lrli rcltrtt' llt'o
f,,,,'a,f.,, Li,' lrlrliltti ';'rr 1'r'li-tit' rr' ''itt'r sil-l it-r'lt';''r'tlt'tltotrIlt-
,',li',,',,,i,. ,i, lir,,,irii. l', rrtitt tir ti'1,'ttl sil lir' l't'r'il rlr: 1r'iLi' si
,rti,'71 lilii r'r'l rrri;l
'trl,tLi
'l'lsrtlrrri.tri
siii i ir l'i arliilrostit
1,,t,'-, ,'t,iirrlir rl" lilt'1r'liiil izrrlilrrt /'''
l,ir ptitrtlr rrrl1'1i' irt trlttt.lllr,ill' {'lr;-tl"t ttt;li itlt's' ittt'itstli
,,,1-lrt''ti,' p:rtr' 1", ,1"' "'r'rl li' irli''. lt '' t'l','' li,""l:1.
l"'l'].'...1]
'l;fir'rtrl,t'1.,,'i,,
rlt't ttf iil" tlilrlr'-r' l)ilIilt]iil t'tltt' tl. llsir' Ittllril
, i, nriiilli;rlLrl it l,'sl'tl..t"rlii' sl'ilt't'ttix-lttzii t:u dallrr' se irtrloilit'
,ri lit,rrgiiiir,. *,' ,,i, ,,,1 .1r'-.
'iirlltr'nl
il'rprr tlorirr{ir' si .gl'iirn'i
satr
, i,,l t,,l,l r,rr 1r1.irr,lr rr,. :r. litri:,';trir 1,r'irr f ilir'" si ''ir l'tr,il'r' r'tt
-,,,1', .jir.r. li,]zrri r'l' li"'rr'ir-.rr"lrrl'ri it"irl'' li trtr lrrtl"tllr'lt"t''
i'.'',i:,,';,,;',;,','
''i'''':'ii''
r'ri.il f;rtrrrrtit' slt'lrril' ll.rrl'rr b,birrtrj
,,,,,llfir,'-rii,'r'trrlrr,'lril t'lllilililt |t'r'itlretiil rlilrtt'-trtr It'ansl'0r-
ttrittot' rlr'i't't t. It,'l'1,,',"'t'' ti1' ''""""J'" s{' l'tti'i:' ('il lllilsiTlit dtl
irr,lritrll. itt t'itlr ir ttritttlir '
l)iltt.ttsiLlti*rt tttrlti ilst'lltt'ltt'it tt'l.tl ;r,'ltr'l|r't'i'] !l'..11'
,r',,,,i,,, t1t' ttrtrtiirl tll i r'ir"'tLt'ttit t" ['] lrirrp si-1 s'1' 1'ottstl'tllits('it'
.r srr.r'iirr,'nl,rl. 1,, , ,'i''i'l 't,,r' rlil lilrrrit rttl siltl-rtt' l'i'l.tt tli'
i,;,:,;,,,i .,,,,,',,,,,1-. i'r'trlttl r';t s;t st'"lr'lrli{'z' tttittit"' ttl iril('
riuvitii{'sit sl itttllr'';t!ii 1'n{}1'li'1. itt t't't'Linslii reulizirleir lui
lrt;tr'iit'r,.
1ti,i. ttt'lir''irz.'r sttt'1't'tzlr'
-(lr'r
rtzultirtr'1it't'{cll sltisl'at'ti-
lrirt'i''. t'i[rs,rlttl l.';rlt li'ti'll tlttlc itt rlt'st'rt sc pttt t't'tlttt'rl ltt
34 a eolec{ia cristal O
jrrrrrll_at,e. .eeasta irrseautnti obtincreu urrili }cleu rrilrialurl.
siru a lnai lnultora, in caz cii se lucreazii ln paralel rnai multe
rleodatii, pentru ca ol'ice montaj dorit sir poatii s[ fie realizat.
lrr acest caz, lucr'l de
'ricd
serie lloate-fi realizatm,lt tnai
inqrijit. Iar bobinajul se va face iru uontluct,or emailat de
o.(jZ...O.t mm pentru o rezistentl inlt'c 300...2 0-90 ohmi si
intensilS[i de i:iliva miliamperi. Si i^ cazu] realiziir'ii unui
releu miiialurir,'se va acord; o aierrr!ie deosebibi prolllenre-
lor de izolalie qi protecfie? a capsul€irii releului, Cu.aspect'
iiluriiit, se foate online o r'ottslril,'lit' l'irrl.)ili, ctltt' trobrrie .qX
l'{rziste ani $au zeci de ani.
[u ittstrument (]loetroltic rttttzirtl
sinrplif icat
Folosinr_l rrrr ost.ilirtor.sirrrlrln irrtrlir,. rlirrir.-urr i.iurplilir.'tlrir
r,le trrrtliollr,t r qttl;i sinrlrlilit'a1', (ltl Itl(rlil ele ycaclic lroziliya,
1rr'irr 1r'ulat'eu cLtt'i'ttttrliri cle llolal'izar'e. 1't'sl)0cli1/ sqlrirrtbilrea
r al,rrii i'ezislerrIr'lrrr tlirr t:it'crtritul fif; se poate oll!'irre .t st']titlt-
bar,e a lonuiitirlilor geperAt.f), Il0 ltli:ri nrrr.lt, de dolti <tt,l.ilvrl
rnuzicnle. Ntr Str ltOtrlC COnSLt'rii utt irtslrt.rrllCttt rrt ttzir:al pt'r'-
ris, dril o iut'ir|itt nrtrzi|alit citre poate Jirt'e nrtrllii . Pl,i''r't'rr
rinor ciiPii Poatr' l'i reirlizalil tlc'slul tle sinrl'ltr. -ln I'i:-r'rtt'a li
cst.e ar,riiatii sclirrtra de princ,illiu a glneralc)rtrlrri arrriio. irr
t'irre l'unr(ittttt'[tzii tlitrti-t lttttizisluilI'e. (lin cille 7'1 t':lr: tirt
1.r'trrtz.istrtt'rllln (ru silit'iu dirr scria l|[i stlr l.l(]. irrtlilt'r'"n{ tlt'
nl.lrnirr, ial '?'2,
un {l'alt7,ist (il' c'tl gt:rl1l'tirlriu tle. li1l.
-ptt;r. '
lt'
trrrtere rttctlie satl rllirt"e, ASZ surr l)1"1', olir:o sr't'ie. I)il'ttzgt'ttl,
ilr, orice 1ip, clinlrnic, t'tr inrpccltrnIri dc la 4..'''15 crhttti' l)entnt
"qchintbarci valor'iler rczistoare.lot', rr'spectitr ittlr,rrlttcel',la
l,rr f inLl irt r,:ircr.ri[.rtl 11e l"iolarizare ill lral!zis{onrltri !l'1, re
itonle c.ortslrui o t.lar,itrtdr"i sirnplitiratii. l)ar prozr:nIrl rrrr|i
claviatur'i ,lrrce la tlrn'irr!a tle a stl ee{'tlta all(,r'(lul'i tttLtzirlale,
cirre la acest, inslruilrent nu sint ptisibil e{e rcalizi,rl , itltru|il,
lrzislen{ele ar fi plasat,e in paralel 6i ar apilre cu tr-ittrl alt'e
sultete cieciL acort.lurile cloritc. Cu ahe clvir)l,e, itrslltrtnetrt'trl
r(,icsta esLe ),morlo!nll(r, tlll pollle Srlner& declit o sirtgurit ft'er'-
len!H pernt,t,u p rrrrit ir 1,,. ril' liniyr. Itql Inr r-rnr:ltarea drr acOrdr.ll'i,
ireliuie folositr', rtirt)iit,i+ ttttrll, rt-rlri ,'lrrtPiir'llF,..plrtli!r'rt",
("u lnulte oslilnl.liit'tt si iilviTl;ir,1'o. r'i.ll'(r :1.r1'f i llrii lltt'slrl'r'slii-
s,i Lul lrrlrilrii.
C coleetia cristal O 35

!t' 11,,'rrl lltrtiitittrii t'rr cllrIr'trrt'lriir" s" llr.tilli't'"ltft't,tiottir
o ,'l;rirrtrtt;i ,lrtt'rrl'irt:r rlirrlr', i'llr''tt tlt' l'r't'lirtirt l'lllt:li :.:l
,l,,i,,l,,, lr,trlt'tt rrrolrllr.f itrrl'titrrrltr" ltt ('irl. st'{ll'ir'('llzil {'t(
;i',',i,,;.,,i,,,,,,i r,,t,,,,.riii'.,"',,,i,,,i,'t,'1i,1."'1"t" t '' ilr li'-irrrir lI' '
i"ll',:;';i' tiil,,,ii ',
,,,r,iji:ll
,:;l::ll:;,1,,,1 l;,lii,,,l: ,lli-ll,,ll,,lll,.ii,.t{'. t i,t" (' i)lllt: sil S
{rr rrrrr.l'(;i,t,iillr r:il rittri [i,, l'i*,, i,r',' rrrt'tlrliz.irt't' slr tr('('t'
{]tt'
tit,
ii, Jl, .,,;,r'rl. tlr' ('trlt('illllt" 5i 5r' t r'*i,ilt'r sl( t'll llr;rl '(llsi'r('(
1,,,rii',ir'.
",1.",',,i
1,,1 ,,i,'i"'i""u''i" o'li" (ll;'1"'i. t't'lt' iiriti "r'trittt"'
i
I
I
()
lr,5
_3
0 4ip
fl-=tniori
gl,{q-*;i}g:
.!9L:"|fl---
3ilx
5.;ifJn,r: !
rirulin rr.riucDtii. tiulp tle t:it,t:r'a.*irptiirilirri. tlttltii rlut'rl ['rt.;l.ruie
s;.r'sr' tr'l'tti i ilc()l'{lili't','1. lirrilrtl si'itt,t" tl" tt;''ttt''l lllrlIr'iil"t"
in Caz Cir rtU S,t dor.c;i{, rlr'r'il. olrlirt{.t't,it tttlrti itttlttzilll){rltt,
fir.iL tt aCO,'l.lntC ltrrtttisli, io l.rrtlft,r'il conslrttit'r:it ittstnttttl'rllttlui
:lub o ftt'nti, tle'.itltli|ie,, ca irt figul'a lir ll, il}..r:tr1'1" |ti'Iiqrtt'a
zirnltirreaIir a urirri t-.ltxil, se allir _zotlrr nttltalizate. r'otlt'xilr:
la r,:zist,.latttlrl gr:trtlral,ol'trltti trtrtli0. ''<r'tttr'ttr-i't zi)ll(l sirtt"
,ii,r1ii, buz.le, n'iul,
'r:5ii
si spr,in.t:rol,r..irt ,.:.2 .it s. ilttttstr,
t,rtt:llt,ilIet] I)ltIllil a r:it6t,r'a ""1111t.rtr,t,
il('r',sltl zrtttrl llpi l'i irrtrlr'-
r:rurecttlie in lllr,irlrrl. rllr'r llr,rsibrlil.alrl rl irlrisil'tlii tttttti ,.'otilttt'
rtrel,alizat rle i,,rhol., cir in liigrtrir J5 C. sarr t:ltiaI ir tltt'i t:ttrt-
:ri,rrrr:tii nurtirlizul.e de l.ol:rit, in lot'ttlitt tttitririi.tllii, (:a|'ir sir
,rtliilrilslt,ilrrir r'llUtriiritrl,,l,.tt|rrrrir'; la [r'l rle ittlr'l'r'rrrlrl,'i:t'li
,',rnll,'i,i,n, rltrci,'rlsrtlo. tt tlrrui irtttrirltrrltil sirtt;tlltri "lrir"'l'
r.itrit sI preziillc pr,t.litrrri ntrttalizirltr. asl,lt'l r;a la atittgr'r'ea
tu t:reioritrl ,lt: I'r'il sii !l'(tllrll'{lztr stttltir' ttlttz-'ttlitle'
(lurt,ctruili tlll'l'{rtll('ll'{ix
lrr anul 11,12 l" ingirrcl'ltl rtts'l'et'ttlett ;r 1)t't'rztltlt'tt.[ liri rrlrrl
'lnstr,irnlenl" nruzirral eit,c1.r'ort'tc dill ltrntc. (l;tlrt) a ftlSt irriit.rrltrl,
rlrrpii tturttele invcrttat,rtrrrhri, ..'lilr"nlenYr]-r" Stllt ..'l'(lt'llloliol''tlt'''
lnstrurlctitul era nlctil,uit,
'rlin
douli r)S(lilittoill'i) tlc t'rrrlil-
fr,r:cvorr!ir,'l ('rir,i)r, fr,0t:r,r'iltii prrlrril fi VariaLit illl iljtl[,r)l'{{l
rrriirrilor e-rrrt.rtttttttl irlr.ri. irrl l'-tlll f(ll tltll'() Iirl'{'il lrlilr}lr'' . lrl'.llt
;r,slrir.i rlc,liyii,rr.,rLrlirrirr,ll-sc o irrlirrilitlt'rlt' [6ttttri lttttZi',rl'.
,,r'1,,,gii, Ir'erttolr,-uri stn(]Le cristalhte sal]. q'l'ilro. |l t'r''t'ir:t"
hizirie,'Curn pina atunr.i ure{ihea Oluenilasci ntt prtf tts. sit
arrtlti. tl11 ilgeslb instt'unterlt, lltuzioal eleclrortig s-ilil orgi.lilizal
autli!ii in cirle lnili t)lari siili de corlce|Le alc Iuntri. f ill'tf .
tllt
st,irnit, un fOi,il,l.e lnalr) iltt,er0S in epooa tltl aturtIi. [.lltcrior.
1.r:hniea il r.:ont,inuii tlezvoll,ar,e a ci'cat rnul[,tl si ittterrlsrrlltil
instrunteDte oler,:h,rinioe r.Duzicale, ittc,'l'crnt.ttvor:ul it 11'e-
ouL, daloritri complcxitiifii ltri.in oaleoflt'e.uitalt: nliri irl(-rs
tlin'tipsa ur.t.rl. ,,-",r,i.,tanIi dibaci, ral'e si"r ,stie sir-i erploitLoz(']
pe delilin posibiliLnlile all'()al)e neliurit'irt'c'
" i'' figu'a lii se arali construclia deosebit' de si'r'lJ" a
trrtrri'l'etjntr'rr'o-. tttlitplilr'1rc lingir un l.Pitt'itt tle rltlit' *au
.rrrrplificalor de Ptrlcrn. l.ll r..lk,Ituib, ea ,si slritnoqttl .sittt, rltn
.l,,ri{ ,'s,.'ilatoltt rl. t'tt ;11'1'oflsi lrec.'orr!J, I'irii, tranz'istot'iz'rrtc'
lj1r,r'1r'plit trtttri osr:ilittirr 1ro1lc Ii r"al'iat[ 1tt'in aPt'optttrcn
@
r- g.-- -JI
U-il:'i
Tt ,1.
t I li+,,il"'LJ
_t
(s:
i1'il'Il"II'll la r'r
L;;:?l-t: LL,Lf-,r / d Y i i? i"ir |J
UU coltt'qi;l cl'iri*'i
colec{ia cristal a JJ

rrriinii tltr o atrtetiit vell.it'trlii' I)ifctcnIa rt'-ztrltatI de frcrc-
,i,lrrt.,. ,lrrt' si rlt' iil ill'rtri( c. gt'ttt'rt'[tzir stttrillt'lr' 'l't t'tttt tt'(t'ttl-
t,,;.t' i,','.i, l, t','ri,ri,i rlirt tlt't.t liit s{'trrnrlrrlrri' 1'rir tlt'rn',r-
,,i,,i",i ,,i tlr,r:i a f rrrr,rrrlr.i
'czrrliaLe
din llitlirilo tlitrtre ct-'ltr
i""i, o..ir*toa,:". r1,,'i si'r'lnalul .c rrutli,ft't't'r't'nlit sc trirnite
i;, l;,,;i; clc pi.up ir'u'ui amplifi.aLor s.' i1l)ar.t. de ratli'.
- -
lji,rt,.,, ,.,,'r,sIrrir,lie se lrot folosi ot:it:e t.r'tillzisli]aro ('tl Ier-
rnrtnitr tl,.r nricir p,tr,1,'i'.3e plt'ferri lottrli 1iItrril" .l:';-ii::
IrL't'r'errtii. jrttrrii:1t til't'r'ir foaltt'nlttltt'rtrttt'rlri({r('ill'F llrllrr}l{il-
i.'r,,'l,,,tir,iiiiiiiii,' rli, r'e'ltrc trltr ittst'r'rtnii'rritrltri' l)cci: 1'lii'f
rlo 0,1...0,2 nnt tlianret,nr. llolrinajr.rl sc poltc cxer:ulir ristenr
lni)sot. Ii'iectrre l-robinii va rtrrrlira inlle tuttsi't si priz.ir t'renl,l'u
ontitor 1L)0 spire, ial irrt.ro pliz.il tlc curitor si calr;ilrrl lLrgrit,
Ia baza Lranzistonilui, 150 spire. Cllrllele boitinalr,),rl vcr li
notatc pcrt{,rtt a rrtr tla rtasleri: lir gltst'li rlc cout:t,tuli,. l)csl.c
;,bina 1,3 se itiiisoapti tl,ri -stlatirr'i 'll Jrirtic rlc -, r'is si se
boirineaz[, irt -qplii rh cit.c 2.l0.spile. i;rr,lalc inti'r. elp r'ir rit.c
un slrat, rle liirtic. pr:ntlu tttirsor',rrr',t raparili'r!ii 1;i',.rprii,
bobina 7-.'1. carc usiErrrri cupiajul crr irrrtct)& t.ekrst'r,1iir:.1 si
clle nurttiilii in tril.al I 0{-)0 spile, crr silrriir lrutiilitlii 'lc
(}.()7...
(J. llr nrrn diirrnetnr. Irur I r'u irlirncriLiti t s'r lrrra le l'r,li,si si o
singulri Jraicrje tlc laulelnti. tlar lcztiiiirtr ritrLi l)un(' .{' l}r)1,
oltiiue lu teri.qir-rrti tle (1...1)-. l-a llqlrr !'1 i.I allal'&lrrlui. l;r.,1-rina
1,1 va averr iniri,rltrs ntiez-ul ile l'r'i liL l){' lL'ci sicllur'i r:r rnt,e-
rirrrrrl ei, pozitie ral'e sn va ligirliz,a. i.lr,lrila f"!lil,:j. 1;,'buie
sir aihi pc-sibililalea ctr mior,uI si 1-rr':i1ii sa l'itr nri,.r'r.ii. tlin
e-r1.rtt'i,-;r'. Pr.rtlnr ilrlrrlt,r't'it irt ttoz.ili,-'rlr'..1:irl.a'irr rntlit'' it r',rltlt'
rlor.rii risliialoiirc. .r:r'lstit se larc i-n ttri,lientrrl in cilll irtstt'rt-
t'trr:ntul .qr: Il'r'r,i"rtcstr: pcrttru o arrililir'. rqlir alirntrilr':);i.i, s()
ilrpleilz-ir ltr hr.rlrta de pirrrrll a artrplil'i, lrl.or'rrlui sfllr r'('{'i,l)trinr-
lui tle rLrlio si se corrstal.i"r t'ii -qc flu{le un lon rtiuzit'al 1;rrlu'liic
si crrnl.inuu. Prirr misi'ilrea rtriezrr]ui hnbinci LgitI';l sr,,,l;lirrt:
trn ion cl irr t:r in rr,r nrri gr'ttv si airoi, ir,tilli'i lini,ilc. l)r iii lipro-
pierr:it nriiriri. la t'ilcva ,1{tii do r:rrntirrrt'l.ri rlt artienil, !r'ill)illr)
o suiLri rle Ionrlli g'rave. (]u rit sc nplopie nrinir rniti iiiil'r)rillo
de anlr'rrii rrr aIii 1r;nrrl rlcvinc rrriri trsrrrlit, tlilrrrrrrrtrl ri:r i'rrrrr-
vr'n[,ir rliirir'c oslilirlnirt'r' r'r'r,si itrrl llirtri devitte inlitr,iiirii,i.
l)cci erislti o itl)irlnitir zonir ile inl'iut-.ri{are, cnre dup'1 ,'ili.r'it
llrobo. r'a fi ri"qol cle llrIinul. Apoi se ror fuce incerriii'i ilo lr,-
rittt'c rl garnci nruzictrlo 0re$cilt,ofll'e siru doscrc.qcti loirlrl, iii
diverse llrralitri!i. in tlivr:rse oc'tarre qi se vtr rilrl.ine lirrcr:lrrl
{'u incotul tlibriria n{,r00sart"r perlrtr intt:rprctaleil unor' nirir'rdii
-qr-rlislice. Nrr e Ioar'ie u$or pentru un in(fcI,It,or, tlar lei ,.:irre
i-rut)oi.jo firlosirea trnor ilst,rtrn]0nt{} uluzicale posl'rlii srrfi-
r.:ienlr'r tlisciplinir prr'prie penl.ru a pcrsev(il'a s.i r'ol grisi in
ircest instnimcnt, un r]{)u rnijloc rle erpresir'. inl inr:r.1iiit.olii
rrn prilcj cle pelsrlvcr"en tir.
1!xistir posiltilitaLta irter'llrel.irii la rl'rr,rir ntiini ;r iiirrrt'
hii,-:iili ttiuzicale. dtsi. fircstc, ilr)[r.llir lcicsllpiL'ii lnrilii ii,]irte
l'i irriluortlirt.t"r pe liriil srrrr -cimul{.$rr tlo t't.ll tli.irrai rrriirti..sliol.
t'rrttslruliin se prirrl{r ('(tr}rl)liL'a, ltlirt r.txei:iri.atrru rrniti .lr,.,1tiirlr,i
Anten;i,

50 cm
n ]2
1:i1- 1{i
:'t lj...:iii, l' i-l r. Il: l' 'i{ ;".11 )S :iLrr tllritirLrrt(t'' l)iiitla
./,',,,;,,',' l,,l' 'ri " lir 1t'rr'ii.l"li'r' lrt'lrl,lll t1 !''''li'.''r'r''l''l'-
,11,,',ii,.' it i, l:ir; .1," ,'r, t,,1'ltt ""tt " l;ir;ri''lti'" ll"lrirr"lc
t,l ,t t.'J:{'t r { lll''' 1" r'i1'r'11ilr' 'r'i';1t;'l.r'' 1rlrr":il': !:l ',ll"l:i.l'.l;i
,,'','t'i,,'iJ,rt,,' l'i'1,"1" ""'!:rll;r
r'lr r'r'l))1'111' 1rt'(ll;t!"llillit lllir('tl
r{r, rr.i(,*trr,i )<1r,,,,,f 1,,,ri,r'iir..i,r. i"1"'lt,r'i'r, r,t'i'i l'r'tirl.lc'
rlo i'rt'rtlltlrt. ll"lritrii i't ' "
ti plirirrtii.ri'r'liltrl' itlt' 1'?' r'tt arttl
,rr.izr,r.rtlri.,{t'l','l,,ni"" i"l"i'lt"r"i"'t"il*'tll' 1'1'qlarr" lrttr:irIi tltl
l.riu'ii rll l,'r'i iii",",, l""ri"t''i"lt' i'rl"J;( l llitrl si ttiilirlt'trtrl rle
u...i'J
',,,,,. ",','t,tt;,',:iititti'iLzil
(lrlliii rl).s{trast'tlllr (fiil'1t}il.)
,;i;,'*,,,,,,i ;'*',,t,,i li;:';t;;'' ir"tri"'i' l)riirrrct'Lrl irrtcrlrr" tltrlrii
liitrtrli'it'til llrrr',,'i rl" llliti'. rlsIlt'1 r'l il{r{'ilslit sa 1'rtrat,;i ii.l'trtttt:tt
irt itrilii,,r. llottirtttl"''t:1r'::tllit iir'lli'tr ('ili'(iisi:t' tle il() trtrn
,liirtltt'1iil. i,lt i,,,,,ri"tl'" ' ""' ''"i'
{1. il-r'lrl(fllt'il {l{'lJ() rilrrl' l}'l-
iti;;,j;i ,i i," ,i"t;'i lt"lrirrt' sc t':i.r'tttir t'tt t''tttlttr:tti' ernailitt'
38 t colertia crista! O
ccnetior
+ colecfia cristal a 39

cul'linl{'nlirt' llt'itlirt.'ll l}r'sllli'lrrit -- l}osl{'lrt'lritrit l'l et+
i,,lji',',l:,"'i';i,,i,',',,,'t'' i'"i''i"l'i /;;' ("rl'rittrt "r'rrl'l" al l"'lrittr'i s"
''::;
:,;,;;,'i;,"i,,';'; 'l''i't'"u*ii'nt'
1''1tt'g11t'picri' r''tr''' r a fi plasntri
ririzrrirllrl. stlll ilni{rua t rrilr'ituttt' Sc priirtc.lolusi' ltt l';tul ttttor
urrti'rrr tt'lr,.t'r,ltir'1.,.t.1t,'1ti,, rirlrir,''''t"tttt rle t'ii'r'*rrlvnrtiztr"
sr,rtt ttitrlrt:l*l ,.,., ,it""i ;11';'ttl;'';; tlo"'i'"'(i rrr*r rlirrirt'it'ti' :n-
i;1,,,,"r"it,,,,i..,r,i-:ti, li,-prcl"''"i'il' in..Ir't'tr';i r]i' lrrrt'lir sltr (:c!{';
rrri( r.rrri ,.,.,r 1,,,,r,,,,,,,"",,,iiui,,,,t',i
'1,',,"''"tt'rt'l "tiLLitr"l'
tll-
rrrcrr'.irrttilt r',i,rritri,ltl''lt"ii'1'"t'iiil r'ritrslrttr''il't'rtliti' ni'l'irr-rd
t:r'i1ii,t'. So p't,i'cr
" ""
tt'trt'i
tuliiti
urtiltri ,sii
l'ii' t:rtrt'titltt ditl
i..,i,r,' ,r," nl,.'rniirlitr.,j,'l"t'srtrr"ill li1'srr' trrlriii ilo fit'r'1'rt'rttrtt
,,,',',,,,,,,, i'1a'11ilri,'1,,i,'S"r'lttl rr' il {tir::i' I'r'l)iltl it'i''tii llll
;,'.',,,',';',,rr,,l:,,,','. t",,,',,,,, '1" lrtttr.lti l'ii;rrrri'll'l 'l'r; iir:tirjr ttir
,i';,i"i'',.,','''.,,1,'. i',,'t,,,i,1'"i'''r''lrilil irrr'ri iri.lrl'it -'tl
J":l'lt::.1:',.11'
i1,1,',;,",'1 t'ast'lt'i r-ltl tirlrli-r sir tllt l'it' irtr';1 ir:il{'ir'lrt' 1l{' l!l"riri'
L,r., ,:',,, lr' tlt,,r,' -.'''l''it'.1'"""'t' il;rt,it"t tlt' t'1""" rr"'.l'.r i'lt'i!
llli;r; i.,i ,il,ir,"'lii" ' :'i,',,,.'r 'lir' "';r' r'i"r' l)t'r'r'|r) r.":l':i ' ri;-
;;;;;,:i"',rr, .1,,,ii,, ilr, t:ilir ii rrlilil'ri{'t'i' tli''-'r'iirrn irr t';i:'r'lrt tl
rr ir i al.
I{r'tt'nttortr t'lrlrl t'tltil:
1r,r{1'q;li1r11i1'li'ttltti. tru s(r iiurle o liiitrrir' t:irrlr,ri{atii. t:i (rrr iriri
r'ruzii'rtl. r'czi-rtcri la rle 2L) ltiltrohmi st, irrlot:rri,rslc. Jrrirr lrrir,-
niir'(r. ('rr o vitloi[(r tittrlf nrti rniir0. ilstl'ol trir -r;i lrtr irl tl131,ri-
r,r,irsi'ii mtrxir.rrrrrrr 250 biittii 1ir uriuut..
@
l''iF. I l
lii,i:i:.ir,r,lir rlr,,io l.rlLro"rrii lro;rll ii ltillrririii. rir,rrsi,ri;r,_
n('it lr{'l)ilrr r,liiirr''it',r trirli srirn'r'itiiii rrilisirrrl. r'ir si lrr irilr,
iiit,ttlrr,ii, itsi,tttrjtiiitriilt'r'. ii-ql I'cl rrit ttit,rtlrr.|tri sir lrilr;-'r l';lrrrl'ilrit'r:i
li'lit;i, [)r'i ri tri,.,lrrrl,,t't'ir ri,z.l.qlcnlei tclisit,-'tir t, lrrriitiil si'iirlr,
'riri) lir,jrrrruitirIt. l]rr r'lr.i, llc llatrrrii lrolrlt. l'i rililizirl irrrri ilr,
zili:. i,rr'('()usrrrnrrl lrilc,r'iilor nrr lri'r'r'teir;rii lrlr'rr rrrtril...!r,ri,Ilrrl.
iri t'i/. ('ir r{(, i.l1tisi1 li (i sr,r111i{liztr,trgrlili. tpt llllrlrlr:t.
sutrtitt ili,uri tlliiii'iir;r t'1i.,'1tr'liiir.'. i('r'r.rn',{'i'izii itt st'r'ir,'r'ir
,iit'riz,llul: riirr liirir,lr',.]'11 ir,,trrrir' ,r't i',,'rrl si rlivi,lrii ariLlill,.i
l,nciiitttlilol nl('Ir'urirrrrrriIrri s' ir'i,'. lri lig',r'lr 17 , t' alil!;ii i'i'-
lrrl posilril tir,r lrrt,zeriirrr't al triui lnctr'ururrrr elr.,r'lrt,riic. i'i,,,
ii;:r,ii, crr l)(,1(,nlilrllrrt.rrr .lirtiar: ial' irr {'igLrr'il 17 li, r'eallzrirr,i,
tttttri nlt,lt'orit,tt.t elct'trorrir,r it1 '1't,,'trt,,i alrroalir: rlttsic. Di1'rrzor'rrl
r'' J,irt:riii jos" izolat tlr,r bitlot'ir,'.
,tilir gr1 or' []{r,r {ru chilarir
'(!i,fllr.rr'rrl 1rr.,lrlr'rl lliitrri'ii lr:1er urr llis1,r.,,zlliv tlir{lu.tt.)i,
,.ilir it'rtrtsl',.'r'rttii r.ibrrrliile sIittnt'li:r' r'lriiiir'r.'r irr tr,rrrlirrrri i.rl
l,,r'rr;ilir tr rlr,r rrrrrlir,fr.rli;r'r:nlii. clrr,t, lilir,,r,inl: linl i,rnrpiilir,iril
,l. r;ri iullriilii'ri[,r,r,t1r 1-rrrlri,e (liu. l7]. irr nr,rtsf fi,rl str asiltnii
', lr,,l;1fi, ntrrlt nriri lrrr{r,,r'rrir';i ir s:rlt;,!u!rri r:lriiilrr,l. r.rtlr.[,,
,, , ,i i,,l llo;tii' ;rr.r'it titi l'r,l rrili.tLi,t utlt -un itrr"-iltr-' l,itr r,tt:ltr.,-
1,rl
1l
s
4/+../2
Tr0 72.iaa
) 100..126
5vF
;l
x,Jg(& , t'a/
'Ttf*lv
Irn
*-- l
.s{ur{-+ir._ _-l-{ I
,xgJ t
?",,lANANTI 126..t5/]
!,
v
1,4 t- L EGR 0 t5/,..'t8/,
PR[s l"t] 18t..70t,
4U $ eoh:rii:r crri:"i:li
@ co!cctiil cri:rtill $

ii.':
f,*l*rl i:r *t'ic(ilI
lb
r,lir,lrirrcirzii ir lttng. lit'lrar'It','r tlrtitrlii ii itttttalr,,'ii" *,rl'
rrrill;ir' 111' l{t sgrilr'. t'rt sit'tttii tlr' Li...11 rrrlrr tiiirtrt'lttt. ' tt {,1;r''{"
lr,l rll izolalii'. Itirrtt,;r rlr''t'lri:,:i rr ;rt'trrittttrii si' itr'(]l){ l'ii ('rt tf
1,1;rlii rit'talrlii rlt'l'i,'r'sittt otr'1. lagrrt'lizlti',';t st'r,lrlirrt'1rlir',
;,l irrgttea t'rt1ir'lt'ir,r' lrllrirtrr.itrlrri. tll irol'111'11' tttttti itltttitttltttr,l
'1,' lrtiisinii. r'orrlirltrrl l'riliriilrr s+' r'it rt;ti si t:t'l Iirrigl posil'il.
rriir rittntttt l s,'r'ittttlii. irll ltl sl rlr'1r'r'irv1'1';17111 11 11t1ttll;tLot'ttl.
I'i rrlr,sI l'.'l Ir'irr lri,lrirrtr.itrl rli'|i'irl'ttt:rltrr'ir tit'' ttiii lit:tir srt.trii
r,tr { Ut.Lrnl {lr, sltil rll' rtrriirlli. i.il'r, It'llltrr',, llt i lrtlr lrltlr.ttli,
rrirlilr,tit'. tltilirirl la iti''iit't rtt'r'it titiigtti'iilir ir rrrilrtrlrri tlr'r,lt'1.
1,r'in r't,ttiirttt'ttlit ttitr,ttr,rli, rr. I cli'l;t si:ir'iitit'lls 'ri tltt sr' ]iriitl''
r,, r'tt'il ttilttttt'liziit't'lt riir'i'i t rll l;t tttt t','rlti's{rl' tlr r,tilr' lllr.
1,,,irlln lir inllttsititl'r ilislrllii,ilir l tttttll ;,r,',, lni.ir lr('l,l! r,
;r ,ifriittc utl tttitlitit'i lrtittt lir'. irt' 1,'tlt','st,t ttl yi,,iill li rlli'r', iiri
lagrlt'liziit'r'ir itt.:l s('l)rrii{t'lls'l iii,llltr'si rl,'lir t'r'1.t'tltl;'
rl{'i'urtni altur,;rlir rlr, Ii1). .22{ ) . itr l','lrtl rrltttil,,t': :r'i,r rq,
,,,r.'lltt lrilililr'. -1,:r,r'irztri lii rrrr r irlri'rl r rr ltt sl','lt,,t'. (.i,1rr'i,'l''
lrlrr,r'e alr' (t,l'iltittrrlrri *,' r'r,il{,i,irzir. tilrtti ,iii'L', t, j,l ttit ,;,trii
',1 ir:l'tisrrriilii rlt, li) sl,ir'r': i;rl lr'!rrirrii lrlir:t1 rt tit tttrrli(ii rir"
lirIr'u {'u rliilrrrtttttl tlc {}.1.".{l.ll Itrttr. ltrttsir rlt rit'r'it ir r t:r
.rrrr' .iL,itt i-r lolttl rlt' sigtrt'lrttta Irrzllriirl rlr' r','ii.rl;rll r''tlrtil irl
ritl';isrri,tir.ii. St, ilir.lrjrrr.r. slt,r.lrlr,rrl irr t,r,i;lir. Si:rrlirrrl.ii iLrzi
i'rlii st' topt::<lt'srilr irrttttsilitlrit tttittt'rlt'I ir'rl 11' I1"r 1' qr11q
i,llrirrit.ltrl 111' 1rt' itt'ltt;il trlji. (lri ;tlt'itslit i;t silt'rrii r,1rlt'rriiir lle'
nr:r!ttt,lizrit"t'. r'itt','1io11i1';'i rlliot' '{rltslirl;tli't itlltllli t'irrrl s('
l'.{.(riti'r,i'l Sir s| tlr,lrirIlIzr lilir''tr tlr' l'ir'r' t';' itt, ltitiIrt itt'tlliiLirt;l
rr, rrrrrrrrii tlt'..t-''. I,,i'r'iitull (rl,eiirtiit sr f)1)iilt'l'r'1rr'iit. 1rrr,r ii,.
'r!1ii111'1'1,i1 rrtrt,i fori.r' llririnlrr rlt irtt'at:t'i".
I)iLr tlrtrrri liqii rit' t'rrlott si lrirllLr ('irlrilr'r'. {r,i rlirr 'iti lr,r,
1,r,r'tilrirr si{n llirstir'. st, r'ottlt'r'titrnt.iiz.ii, iir {utt,'lil rlt tlitttt'rr-
.iLrrrilr'ilr'rtiiittrrii. r'r'lc r'lottr'r t'ilrt'lis(: lr{,r.'l}irti'tltrzt'i.,siittr.
l'lirrt';r ('i:u'{'irsr,l{}r' so l'titc pr'in lilrire i,tt sirltrlir' tlt' lrlrrsti. riur
l;','rll nilror'r'lr;lrrzri. l)rrpii flsilr))l)lirli'ir lillfils{'lr)r'r,i 1is,'iu't'r,
1,,i"" s(' Ir'trr't'lir lri,lrirurlr,r. St tiii[izeazii sirrrrir tle ll,lrinir.i t'ilrrri'
lr,i;i, crt tiiirntr,tl'rrl (l('{t.1...{1.21 IIurr. ('ri lr,itrllt'trl r'iir'i'irr st ltr,-
i,irrr,irzii lrirrii lrr ullllli{rr'{'1 l)(, I'it)il. r't'lt, tlr,uii liu{ l:ls(, lroliintr-
l,,i iiin(l l'irtirl rlt'-ir vrrlnra.0apt.it'lt,bi,birrir.i rrlni si,t.tsi:lrilrr
t',rr: l'ornriu'r,ir rirnri trrirrrt.rrrt'lii dt siltiin tli l,'i',,irsi gr'{)sirir(,.
r,,.utiie. irrrrinit'rlr,holrinar'tr irr,'i:l lr'ril'i. r( jr irlr,,rl.i,,-' ,ii,,,
'
' l,rlili sirrrrr'i. [)oza rttr Jri]frli, l'uui iiu;t:r r,t,l'+,r'i tltr'ir r'ri,.lr.l
1'rr,' ilr s{'ur'l i'ir'{'rit. riirlolilil iz',lirlll.i rrr', r'r'{,sl)ilril,.,i!r,rll ir
r;,irli rjt lrlirirr;r.j.
s 1J
A
o4:l -St 1.11l6'{:1ia crisiirtr

r)rr1,;r r*iriri.,rr'. sr',i,lll::,'l:,1,"'i;,lll'iii,l:iu'lllr,lii,"l.ll'l',lil
,, l'l:,
ll:.,,1,"',1;,
t'l::;.'ii'," ", ,'t'ii,','.,','
'"'ll*'::,'ii)ill;,J
i]lillli--
i',,f,i,,,'f",'-.' l'ir!it itt s.'t'ti"
:*l'.":.t.il"t:;..'.li ,t,, Irtz.at.,'. rlrlza rrrr
l"r' .
5r' t it-irtr'"r'
:l l:,": :i;'.jJ'1ij'ij',.;',,r.,i *,'"',,1 rL' lr'!;.rrr'. al
lrnrr'l'trttlcitT-i' Itt ttt t''
rrtr,'-trt rlittl''t' l"'l'it"" l"'i"'''tt"tit:' ;tlnltl'r';t rt'z'ttllttlt'i "lllttit'tt
::"i,,'r,i;;;i,, i r.,, i..r,l"lilll,,i;:;:1,,1:ll; l::,1,:)lll',:,;l,,1,,llll:;
,'lrrtt. St'Prt'ft'r'it ]'"1'':i:litr,;";:;,;;t;in,;,,,i rr,,ri'l,urr. tt.s. troare
lll'li":ll:",'i],1 i]]"J;..'lilil',ii,"''ii", r'11'':l:i.t +11:1,
.'"""') r)!eir
.,],,;iL,iitt"iit'ti"tltrtti r:lt'rll'.iirn:":ttcltt:i'trtlt't't'tll't"
irr l'i'-lrrrn tS
''' "'1"'"'
1i l'lrrl r,ttlt'r-'r'.'liiri:r';r/ii rli'z;r" 'ifll'
,lirr li'ltl;'r tlt' l'ilr''t''t''i1"" rlr' {)"i"'i }'l' t'ttltt' it' ' rrlri"r'lllltlitzit
,,",',,ii,, ri.r,ii rirrr;ri"
ii:i,,"tu"'i,:;";,,11;,'il,l1li"li,l'l:',;',1,i:f.r.if
l"i;rr','tt itt .ttlrr'
".;l:,.:i;:"',,,;i,,,]"",,t,', r'rr', rr,,rrrir:rr.l.rritti prlt
l:]:l",ii'll,.l'l'i;;,',1;,1
,','r'i,ll'r',i,' 'r.'' ttf itlr'.1't,ll',',:i,','.";,,ii",li llll, i,l"
;,,i. ,i:, f i,,,ri, ',", ll, : ll;l;,',) .,,,1",,'],i]l,'li,i"lil;:ii ',r,', ,,, i ,, i,,r.
illi;,:,ll,liili:l . :;'i,i:l::,,:
"'illi,
tr,.i',;i:.:l;il"'i:,;;;lli llrr;l :li l,i:'l;'
r,rilirtrt'fri I;rlir t"' t .,t"llt'' f'rl';i -rlr't'irlrr'l.ltrltr'rrl'
5r' 1't'' r'r"l" 1to
rrirr.ritt' lirt''r'ir'' ,,1'";i;';;'i' rl'rttir ' rrt"'l']:l',ill:,;r.:,
,l',,'',lll"ii,
1,,',',t',,,-i,:,.i,,1 l.l,r,ti,'. rlirr .iir'{' rrrrir -'
llll.i'1,,,,,i,,,"i,,i,r,1,,r.r,.
i;1,'':'i,',;"'tt*trti ntl" lirrrlit n
"'"1''"'lSrrb,'tttiit tlozcr se'ili"'i"'t'"t slrirl. s'tt,l'ill tlt'pi' l:i 5'111 .Iolii'
{'ill'(' ilt'e t'o'ltrl tle
"-
ti*'iqtt''" '1 ;1'1"1"tt1';i lil ttriri }rtltt:i lt rl'r7'nl
llo ('ur(i'i'{l
''l'it"'''1""i'l'l'i"'f
i' i"'f itl rt''''lirsi l'ttrt1' z':'it t''t''';i
""'i'.1.*1,,,,*a t.u irrrrllilir ,rl,,rrrl
.s'' , f::: '., ,::ll't],,ll'i,,,',t"illi*,:lli'"
rrrrt f lcribil, l,,ng"jttu"3...; ,;,
',,r11
r.rr ,'
",,'
slirri.rrr trr.is'''-rrilt'
,'nil n'islrrlui' s"')o' ;;;;'r;' l', .r:''::'l;;',it.lll,tii i:]l-X;;ll:
, ,",""ii"nii irttte cabltrl e't anal.:t cit
l)I,ocllmqifislrii.cii.',ioilin.,tlin1,tr.rrtt.let.r-.lt't..r-.tl)er.i.tltt.
ii a,'csttri cablu' *if"i'i"tiL sir nu prrntl' 1i ;'tlruls tlltl ltel)rt-
a sc csclurle Jro-<ilrililal.{rlt ('olrr'r,1i:ir,ii at,citllntalr,, ir rlozl,i lrr
rr'{tra, lupt cirrc rtr]rrttzintii distr.u!t(ll'(.il t'i. irr rrrorl intt,rrtio-
rttrt. r.rrr s.lrrr daL coLe lniirnrrntit.tr. iut,r,rrr.:it, ilr llr r lrilirr,ri lrr
r'hitarii r,ristir tlilrrr.trn{,e con-qlr.ur.rtivc agirr't.irr}rilr', cirt,. rrrr l'itc
;rosilrilrr l.rrczrntart:a tlc ilitlrr,.lalrliirr''.
l)oz.t lticzoelectr.it:ii rlt'1ti,:u1t t:sItr 1ot urr lr'irrlr.rr.lor rlri
irtrtlitillt'ci.t,rrlir. carc l){,i't{r i.rii{'ul vibr.ntiilrr 1.111.i.li..,iri ,,lritirr.r.i
si le tt'il!r;l()r'lilir in ctrr,rrrrl tlr.: atrrliol'r.ecverrlii.
l.)itrlt'-o ils(rntr,n{}i tlozti tli.t l,i{,rrl} (lt t.ri.'.i.li srr piiiil(,r..(}n-
s(r'tri. in tiit,r a rriirrtrlc, o ilr.rzii lrt,rrlru clrililr.r"L. Si' ir:loslsirr
o r:i.o;r.li tlr,r ltit Lrl ctr r:r'isill l'it.t Lrr,
'rrr,l'orricil. l'it: sl.t,r.i,r,i'r,riit:l-.,
lrs{,r (l{, 1'r'rrtrrrnrl. l'ic rrr,uii, l'ic rlin lrr,*,llir rri{rrlr' Ir.irr sr,r.t:rt.t:
,lirt t:trrrzir ir,'ulrri rlcli'r.irr,lit. tlrrr, (.:iu,r, lriri.irrlt'lr.s'ir rr q,i;tltlul
irLitri:t. in r.,rz.rrl tlozli t,rt rrr.isiitl. sllrrnt,li, ,:Iii{,rr.,'i ;iot l'i rll'
otirl rirali.i'iirl. riu rit'irpiii,rl rlrr tit.i,l" l)i, irsi,rrrt,rrt,rr. tlr,z.r, r,tr
lli.qtal. liLrall li irlilizrtlii lrrr rr !l!-rti'i l'rliit,lr'lrri,Lli rli. irir.Lr.ri-
tlrt'ttlt rrttrzi,'irlr,. irrr.i'1iirr,l r rl rilil;r fi lr'r,uririirirlr.rr riill',,r'iul.
l,ocrrl l'it,ii r'ii tlu:z,r'i rrrr rrrrii cslt'i,r'11i,.,. i,*.r r,ulii {t llizul itr ilt'zir
t'lr(rlt'(,iltlr!tii'Ii,:-r, {'ii ri(r l){,itir: l'irii 0t.!uti,l,, 1,,' ,,,r, rr-,i irr-lt.rr-
rrrL'ttttrltri rrilzillrl. lrr'r-rl'r'r,rrlril lr,,1rliti,ir 1i,,1,,7.i,11ii1i1;r l"r,lrrIirlri.
,(lt,ustlrillirr rlozti r.ir llistlil trlnlr.rr llriirn.ir. irrrr,rrirrrl ilrr ltr
,, tiozir tlr.'lrir:tr1'. S{.r l)('trtl rrr.niiir.i irr lil,rn';r il). Sr.r.,rlri',,r.1ir,,
tr,,lt;,,ii rr ;lii,r.ii tle {,rrur.irrr l-iiirrlii rlinll''o gtinrii rrrl;,ll rlr.
, ititi'ilir' frr.ltlil rl,,si.ri. (:f. ir tiiiii tttillrr rli'i.il tiitrt,'rr:,iirtr,,is rii,z,ri
lllosilr'. :Sr. firr,;iz;i o ti.iri riirr :rir.rrr;i r'l.l,r.uii!li" rlr, {t.;i...'l t}rr)r
,litttnti r u. lrr'ir lilrilr,ir (,;ri)irl rilrri silrirr i. irr,l,ril i,lr r.rrr i.;i,lig
l)t' sttl)(,tlrrl ;r, rrlrri. l',,lr,sirrrl 1rr lil, irilr,;,,ir. 'l'ij,i ii.r,l.rtrii, ,.ri
,/;;,i .
rlin fuh!a
,enl ru
eclliltl€
--'oott:.i;llil-
"u"*cttLat'il
a .crrblului
et'rntrat' e'nstit itt
,:r)ftscroa lui, pe
" l't:itutt;-tle cirt'a'5 cnt' de (lu!'ciluA cal'e'
."rvette la fixarcr ":##
i"pur "ttitorci'
Capiriul opus at
,rrrbltrlui tlozci se p*";;;;";t;"nutn 't*n'lartlizatI
tle mtc'o-
!on, fic lip DIN, fl" ;l; j-tk', ;t-;iti un cuz crr qtecdrcr' pentru
6 ,s
r.{
dr
a eolecfia cristal C
cr;1..r{irl r-.ri,Irrl

George oprescu caleidoscop tehnic

George oprescu caleidoscop tehnic

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (17)

More from George Cazan

More from George Cazan (20)

George oprescu caleidoscop tehnic