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IPG KAMPUS PENDIDIKAN TEKNIK
                            SCE 3109 TENAGA DALAM KIMIA
                                   MANUAL AMALI
Amali 3

Tujuan         : Untuk menentukan nilai bahan api bagi kerosin (minyak tanah), LPG(gas
               petroleum) dan lilin.

Bahan          : Kerosin, LPG dan lilin.

Radas          : Tin kuprum, tungku kaki tiga, termometer (0-100 oC), silinder
               penyukat100cm3, lampu minyak, penimbang elektronik, tanah liat segitiga,
               penghadang angin, bongkah kayu.

Prosedur       :

  1.  Dengan menggunakan silinder penyukat, tuang 200cm 3 air ke dalam tin kuprum.
  2.  Letakkan tin kuprum di atas tungku kaki tiga.
  3.  Sukat dan rekodkan suhu awal air.
  4.  Letakkan penghadang angin seperti dalam Gambarajah 3.
  5.  Tuangkan 50cm3 kerosin ke dalam bekas lampu minyak dan rekodkan berat
      lampu dan kandungannya.
  6. Letakkan bekas lampu minyak di bawah tin kuprum seperti dalam Gambarajah 3
      dan nyalakan lampu minyak tersebut dengan segera.
  7. Kacau air sepanjang eksperimen ini.
  8. Padamkan api apabila perubahan suhu air telah mencecah 30°C. Rekodkan suhu
      yang tertinggi air.
  9. Timbang dan rekod berat lampu minyak serta kandungannya.
  10. Ulang prosedur 1 hingga 9 menggunakan lilin.
  11. Ulang prosedur 1 hingga 9 menggunakan LPG.




          Gambarajah 3: Menentukan nilai bahan api untuk kerosin, LPG dan lilin.
Keputusan :

                                          Kerosin            LPG             Lilin
Suhu awal air (°C)

Suhu akhir air (°C)

Peningkatan suhu (°C)

Berat awal lampu minyak (g)

Berat akhir lampu minyak (g)

Berat bahan api yang terbakar (g)



Soalan       :

   1. Nyatakan 6 faktor yang mempengaruhi pemilihan bahan api yang digunakan
      dalam bidang perindustrian. [6]
   2. Dalam suatu perkhemahan, anda diminta untuk menjalankan aktiviti memasak.
      Anda dibekalkan dengan lilin, kerosin dan LPG.Bahan api yang manakah yang
      akan anda akan memilih untuk menjalankan aktiviti tersebut? Jelaskan.[4]
   3. Sekiranya LPG hanya mengandungi butana dan propana, tuliskan persamaan
      untuk pembakaran kedua-dua hidrokarbon tersebut. [2]
   4. Jelaskan kenapa nilai bahan api yang diperolehi daripada eksperimen adalah
      lebih rendah daripada nilai secara teori? [3]

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Amali 3 nilai bahan api

  • 1. IPG KAMPUS PENDIDIKAN TEKNIK SCE 3109 TENAGA DALAM KIMIA MANUAL AMALI Amali 3 Tujuan : Untuk menentukan nilai bahan api bagi kerosin (minyak tanah), LPG(gas petroleum) dan lilin. Bahan : Kerosin, LPG dan lilin. Radas : Tin kuprum, tungku kaki tiga, termometer (0-100 oC), silinder penyukat100cm3, lampu minyak, penimbang elektronik, tanah liat segitiga, penghadang angin, bongkah kayu. Prosedur : 1. Dengan menggunakan silinder penyukat, tuang 200cm 3 air ke dalam tin kuprum. 2. Letakkan tin kuprum di atas tungku kaki tiga. 3. Sukat dan rekodkan suhu awal air. 4. Letakkan penghadang angin seperti dalam Gambarajah 3. 5. Tuangkan 50cm3 kerosin ke dalam bekas lampu minyak dan rekodkan berat lampu dan kandungannya. 6. Letakkan bekas lampu minyak di bawah tin kuprum seperti dalam Gambarajah 3 dan nyalakan lampu minyak tersebut dengan segera. 7. Kacau air sepanjang eksperimen ini. 8. Padamkan api apabila perubahan suhu air telah mencecah 30°C. Rekodkan suhu yang tertinggi air. 9. Timbang dan rekod berat lampu minyak serta kandungannya. 10. Ulang prosedur 1 hingga 9 menggunakan lilin. 11. Ulang prosedur 1 hingga 9 menggunakan LPG. Gambarajah 3: Menentukan nilai bahan api untuk kerosin, LPG dan lilin.
  • 2. Keputusan : Kerosin LPG Lilin Suhu awal air (°C) Suhu akhir air (°C) Peningkatan suhu (°C) Berat awal lampu minyak (g) Berat akhir lampu minyak (g) Berat bahan api yang terbakar (g) Soalan : 1. Nyatakan 6 faktor yang mempengaruhi pemilihan bahan api yang digunakan dalam bidang perindustrian. [6] 2. Dalam suatu perkhemahan, anda diminta untuk menjalankan aktiviti memasak. Anda dibekalkan dengan lilin, kerosin dan LPG.Bahan api yang manakah yang akan anda akan memilih untuk menjalankan aktiviti tersebut? Jelaskan.[4] 3. Sekiranya LPG hanya mengandungi butana dan propana, tuliskan persamaan untuk pembakaran kedua-dua hidrokarbon tersebut. [2] 4. Jelaskan kenapa nilai bahan api yang diperolehi daripada eksperimen adalah lebih rendah daripada nilai secara teori? [3]