Israel is a country in the Middle East, on the South Eastern Shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea. The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel's diverse culture origins from the diversity of its population: Jews from diaspora communities around the world have brought their cultural and religious traditions back with them, creating a melting pot of Jewish customs and beliefs. Jerusalem, Israel's capital (population 788,100), has stood at the center of the Jewish  people’s national and spiritual life since King David made it the capital of his kingdom some 3000 years ago.  The official languages of the country are Hebrew and Arabic, but in the country’s streets many other languages can be heard.

1. PPT BY: NAOMI FAITH EBUEN
I S R A E L

2. ISRAEL
o is a country in the Middle East, on the South Eastern Shore of
the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea.
o The country contains geographically diverse features within its
relatively small area.
o Israel's diverse culture origins from the diversity of its population:
Jews from diaspora communities around the world have brought
their cultural and religious traditions back with them, creating a
melting pot of Jewish customs and beliefs.
o Jerusalem, Israel's capital (population 788,100), has stood at the
center of the Jewish people’s national and spiritual life since King
David made it the capital of his kingdom some 3000 years ago.
o The official languages of the country are Hebrew and Arabic, but
in the country’s streets many other languages can be heard.

3. Israeli Music
o a combination of Jewish and non-Jewish music traditions that have come
together over the course of a century to create a distinctive musical
culture.
o Harmony is not emphasized but rather includes salient features such as
melodic complexity and ornamentation, including ¼ tones and rigorous
rhythmic development.
West Asian Music is commonly used during:
o Communal worship (in mosque, synagogue and church)
o Mystic Rituals (Sufis, Hassidic)
o Life passage events (weddings, bar, mitzvas, bat mitzvas, anniversaries)
o Entertainment (belly dancing, folk dancing)

4. Vocal Music of Israel
o Israeli singers have a distinctive vocal style.
o They sing with guttural and throaty enunciation;
o A folk legend contends that these singers would drink water from
goatskin watersacks, and the hairs of the goat would stick in their
throats.

5. Divisions of Jewish Music
1. Devotional
- almost entirely vocal
- featured during Sabbath and other holy days
- the art of Hazan (leader of prayer in the synagogue) has always
been evident
- Shofar is a special call to prayer and repentance; it is sounded on
the High Holidays
2. Secular
- instruments and voice are used
- played during life passage events
- context lies outside the religious domain
- very rhythmic and have popular and romantic texts

6. Instrumental Music Of Israel
o The lute, which is similar to the Philippine bandurria and the laud
traces its origins to the Middle Easterm pud and Indian sitar.
o Goblet drum, darbuk, the tambourine, and other instruments
associated with Middle Eastern music are used as accompaniment
o One of the dances where accompaniment used is hora, a dance
that often has strong off beats and assymetric meters.

7. Musical Instruments of Israel
1. Jewish Lyre
• Kinnor is an ancient Israelite
musical instrument, the exact
identification of which is unclear,
but in the modern day is generally
translated as "harp" or "lyre“
• The kinnor is generally agreed to
be a stringed instrument, and thus
the stringed instrument most
commonly mentioned in the Old
Testament.

8. Musical Instruments of Israel
2. Psalterion
o An ancient
stringed instrument played by
plucking the strings with the fingers
or a plectrum.
o They vary widely in shape and the
number of strings (which are often,
like lutes, in courses of two or more
strings).

9. Musical Instruments of Israel
3. Shofar
o A shofar is an ancient musical horn
typically made of a ram's horn, used
for Jewish religious purposes.
o Like the modern bugle, the shofar
lacks pitch-altering devices.
o All pitch control is done by varying
the player's embouchure.
o Shofars come in a variety of sizes
and shapes, depending on the
choice of animal and level of finish.

10. Musical Instruments of Israel
4. Goblet Drum
o The goblet drum is a single head
membranophone with a goblet shaped
body used mostly in the Middle East, North
Africa, South Asia, and Eastern Europe.
o The goblet drum may be played while held
under one arm (usually the non-dominant
arm) or by placing it sideways upon the lap
(with the head towards the player's knees)
while seated.
o Some drums are also made with strap
mounts so the drum may be slung over the
shoulder, to facilitate playing while
standing or dancing

11. Musical Instruments of Israel
5. Toft (Bendir)
o The term Bendir means in Turkish
language a big hand frame drum,
which is known as Duff in Arabic
language.
o The drum is played kept vertical by
inserting the thumb of the left hand
in a special holes in the frame.

12. Musical Instruments of Israel
6. Oud
o The oud is a short-neck lute-type,
pear-shaped stringed instrument
with 11 or 13 strings grouped in 5 or
6 courses.
o commonly used in Persian,
Greek, Turkish, Jewish, Byzantine, A
zerbaijani, Arabian, Armenian, Nort
h African (Chaabi, Classical, and
Spanish Andalusian), Somali
and Middle Eastern music.

13. Zum Gali Gali
o is a traditional Hebrew song relating
to the formation of the State of
Israel, originating sometime around
its creation in 1948.
o The pioneers referred to in the song
were the Jewish settlers who built
the new Israel.
o Years ago, this chant was sung by
people while working together; the
song lends itself well to digging or
any other task requiring a steady
beat.

14. ‫על‬ ‫תודה‬‫ההקשבה‬ !