1.  DR.PRASAN NORMAN

2.  Difference between sex and gender
 Definition of empowerment and women
empowerment
 Status of women in ancient and medieval India
 Status of women in modern India
 Why Empower women?
 Injustice to women
 How to empower women?
 Legislations for empowerment
 summary

3. To eliminate gender disparity in primary and
secondary education preferably by 2005 and at
all levels of education no later than 2015

4. SEX GENDER
Biological differences between
male and female which are
universal and cannot change
Social differences between men
and women which are area specific
and can change
Facts about human biology[born
male or female]
Roles learnt through the culture
and society we live in
SEX is physically
‘determined “
while GENDER is socially
“created”

5.  Giving power or authority to someone
 Giving strength and confidence
 Empowerment is then the process of
obtaining basic opportunities by insisting
upon their rights and asserting themselves

6.  Simplest of words it is basically the creation of an
environment where women can make
independent decisions on their personal
development as well as shine as equals in society
 A woman should rise to the top in all fields
 “Empowerment is not giving people power,
people already have plenty of power, in the
wealth of their knowledge and motivation, to do
their jobs magnificently. We define empowerment
as letting this power out.”[ken blanchard-empowerment takes
more than a minute]

7.  International Women's Day is annually held on
March 8
to celebrate women's achievements and to
honor them. It is also known as the United
Nations (UN) Day for Women's Rights and
International Peace.

8.  In Ancient India, women enjoyed equivalent
status & rights like their males counterparts.
 Properly educated in the early Vedic period.
[references are available from the works of
Grammarians such as Katyayana and
Patanjali]
 Had the freedom to select their husbands,
known as ‘Swayamvar.’

9.  Deteriorated during the medieval period with
the entrance of the Muslims
 evil practices such as female infanticide, sati
and child marriage were practiced
 ‘Purdah’ was introduced
 Women were also forced to practice
‘zenana.’[the part of a house for the seclusion
of women]
 Polygamy was also common
 Girls were forced to get married at a very
tender age
 Also practiced Sati
 Practiced Devdasi tradition [where girls were
forced get married to trees or deity]

11.  considered as the perfect home maker in the
world
 Indian women are completely devoted to their
families and religions
 supposed to eat after their husbands or even
sometimes to eat their husband’s leftovers
 still continue to face atrocities and violence cases
such as like rape, forced prostitution, dowry
killings and brutality.
 According to a report by Thomas Reuters, India is
ranked fourth among the most dangerous
countries for women among the G20 summits

12.  ONLY IN FEW PLACES
 women in India are given freedom & right
such as freedom of expression & equality as
well as the right to be educated
 Various prestigious positions are held by
women
 women take active roles in politics and
management positions in world-class
companies
 The girl child is competing vigorously in
academics and other areas
 Now confident and can get well-paying jobs
as their male counterparts

13.  Women are much better at dealing with certain
problems
 There are some situations that could be
improved just by the presence of women
 Protecting women's rights is the key to
protecting everyone's rights
 Women's empowerment is good for the economy
and the environment[countries that suppress
women and deprive them of an education are
more economically backwards than others-
inferior work force.]
 Women can provide critical insight at important
moments[world war1 could have been stopped]

14. INJUSTICE TO WOMEN

18.  IMPROVED WOMEN MOBILITY AND SOCIAL
INTERACTION
to interact freely and frequently with people in
top ranks and develop a sense of self-
realization and motivation to desire
achievement
 IMPROVED LABOR PATTERN
equal access to all job opportunities and
receive equal pay as their male counterparts.

19.  ACCESS AND CONTROL OF RESOURCE
They too should feel a sense of ownership and
power over property
 INVOLVEMENT IN DECISION-MAKING
decision making process right from their
households to the national government.

20.  SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT
educated about the social benefits including
awareness about the existing social problems
in the society.
role in making important decision in their
family, plan & promote better education for
their children, taking care of health of the aged
and the children
allowed to participate in political and public life

21.  EMPOWERING INDIAN WOMEN BY EDUCATION
Chance to finish their education to the degree
level
Discouraged from getting married and raising
a family when they are young

22. The hindu marriage act-1955
 neither party has a spouse living at the time of the
marriage
 at the time of the marriage, neither party-
◦ is incapable of giving a valid consent to it in consequence
of unsoundness of mind; or
◦ though capable of giving a valid consent, has been
suffering from mental disorder of such a kind or to such an
extent as to be unfit for marriage and the procreation of
children; or
◦ has been subject to recurrent attacks of insanity or
epilepsy;
 the bridegroom has completed the age of twenty-one
years and the bride the age of eighteen years at the
time of the marriage

23.  The child marriage Restraint act-1929
 to eliminate the dangers placed on young girls who
could not handle the stress of married life and avoid
early deaths.
 This Act defined a male child as 21 years or younger,
a female child as 18 years or younger, and a minor as
a child of either sex 18 years or younger.
 The punishment for a male between 18 and 21
imprisonment of up to 15 days, a fine of
1,000 rupees, or both.
 The punishment for a male above 21 years of age
became imprisonment of up to three months and a
possible fine.
 The punishment for anyone who performed or
directed a child marriage ceremony is imprisonment
of up to three months and a possible fine, unless he
could prove the marriage he performed was not
a child marriage

24.  1959
 property of a Hindu male dying intestate, or
without a will, would be given first to heirs within
Class I.
 If there are no heirs ,then given to heirs within
Class II.
 there are no heirs in Class II, then given to the
deceased’s agnates or relatives through male
lineage.
 If there are no agnates or relatives through the
male’s lineage, then the property is given to the
cognates, or any relative through the lineage of
males or females.

25.  In the case of females
 property of a Hindu female dying intestate, or without a
will, shall devolve in the following order
 upon the sons and daughters (including the children of
any pre-deceased son or daughter) and the husband,
 upon the heirs of the husband.
 upon the father and mother
 upon the heirs of the father, and
 upon the heirs of the mother.
 Heirs are both male and female, the female heir is not
allowed to request partition until the male heir chooses to
divide their respective shares. If this female heir is a
daughter, she has the right to reside in the home if she is
unmarried, divorced or widowed
 After the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005
Section 6 the difference between the female and male
inheritor has been abolished,female inheritor [daughter]
can also claim partition of the ancestral property

26.  The dowry prohibition act-1961
 `dowry’ means any property or valuable
security given or agreed to be given either
directly or indirectly-
(a) by one party to a marriage to the other
party to the marriage
(b) by the parents of either party to a marriage
or by any other person, to either party to the
marriage or to any other person;

27.  does not include dower or mahr in the case of
persons to whom the Muslim Personal Law
(Shariat) applies.
 Penalty for giving or taking dowry- punishable
with imprisonment for not less than five years,
and with the fine not be less than fifteen
thousand rupees or the amount of the value of
such dowry, whichever is more
 Penalty for demanding dowry.- punishable with
imprisonment for a term not less than six
months but which may extend to two years and
with fine which may extend to ten thousand
rupees

28.  Sections 375,376 and 509 in indian penal
code for rape
 The indecent representation of women act-
1986[advertisements &publications]-
punishable for 2 yrs

29.  Maternity benefit act-1961
 every woman shall be paid by her employer
maternity benefit at the rate of the average
daily wage for the period of her actual
absence, that is to say, the period
immediately preceding the day of her
delivery, the actual day of her delivery and
any period immediately following that day.

30.  The factories act-1948
 The Equal remuneration act-1976
 The Plantation labor act-1951
 The mines act-1951
 The beedi and cigar workers act-1966

31.  Immoral traffic prevention act-1956
 Any person who keeps or manages, or acts or
assists in the keeping or management of, a
brothel shall be punishable on first conviction
with rigorous imprisonment for a term of not less
than two years and which may extend to three
years and also with fine which may extend to ten
thousand rupees and in the event of a second or
subsequent conviction, with rigorous
imprisonment for a term which shall not be less
than three years and which may extend to seven
years and shall also be liable to fine which may
extend to two lakh rupees

32.  Any person over the age of eighteen years
who knowingly lives, wholly or in part, on the
earnings of the prostitution of any other
person shall be punishable with
imprisonment for a term which may extend to
two years, or with fine which may extend to
one thousand rupees, or with both, and
where such earnings relate to the prostitution
of a child, shall be punishable with
imprisonment for a term of not less than
seven years and not more than ten years

33.  PIMPS- punishable on conviction with
rigorous imprisonment for a term of not less
than three years and not more than seven
years and also with fine which may extend to
two thousand rupees, and if any offence is
committed against the will of any person, the
punishment of imprisonment for a term of
seven years shall extend to imprisonment for
a term of fourteen years

34.  Ujjawala-2007-to combat trafficking
 Swadhar or shot stay homes- a place for the
women where they will be
sheltered,fed,counselled,medically treated
and training for rehabilitation is given
 Child line services-24/7 hot line -1098
 Dhanalakshi-2008-conditional cash transfer
with insurance cover from
birth,immunisation,registrations,schooling,till
18 yrs of age

35.  Kishore shakti Yojana-11-18 yrs-to address
Their needs of self development,literacy and
vocational skills
 Working womens hostels-Safe and affordable
lodgings for ladies working away from home

36.  The medical termination of pregnancy act-
1971rules and regulations 2003
 Women whose physical and/or mental health
were endangered by the pregnancy[3]
 Women facing the birth of a potentially
handicapped or malformed child[3]
 Rape[3]
 Pregnancies in unmarried girls under the age of
eighteen with the consent of a guardian[3]
 Pregnancies in "lunatics" with the consent of a
guardian[3]
 Pregnancies that are a result of failure in
sterilization[3]

37.  PERSON WHO CAN PERFORM ABORTION
 An Registered medical officer with
experience in obst& gynec if pregnancy is 12
weeks or less
 [.6 months of internship in OG
.PG in OG
.3 yrs of practice in OBG ,if reg before 1971
mtp act,or 1 yr of practice after the act]
 If more than 12 weeks,2nd opinion is required
 PLACE
 Hospital established or approved by the
government
 Details of abortion seeker is to be kept secret

38.  harms or injures or endangers the health, safety,life,limb
or wellbeing,whether mental or physical, of the aggrieved
person or tends to do so and includes causing physical
abuse, sexual abuse, verbal and emotional abuse
 Protection orders-Preventing
 Entering the place of employment of aggrieved person or if
the person is child, its school
 Attempting to communicate in any form including
personal, oral or written, electronic or telephonic contact
 Alienating any assets, operating bank account
 Causing violence to the dependents, or other relative or
any other person who give the assistance to the aggrieved
person

39.  Residence order
 Restraining the respondent from dispossessing
or in any manner disturbing the peaceful
possession of the shared household
 Directing the respondent to remove himself from
the shared household
 Restraining the respondent or his relatives from
entering any portion of the shared house hold
where the aggrieved person lives
 Restraining the respondent from alienating or
disposing of the shared house hold or
encumbering it
 Restraining the respondent from renouncing his
right in the shared household

40.  Monetary relief
 direct the respondent to pay monetary relief
to meet the expenses of the aggrieved person
and any child
1. Loss of earnings
2.Medical expenses
3.Loss caused due to destruction or removal or
damage of any property
 Men's organizations such as the Save Indian
Family Foundation have opposed the law,
arguing that it might be misused by women
during disputes

41.  India as a country is still recovering from years of
abuse in the time
 there are still quite a few areas where women
empowerment in India is largely lacking.
 needs to be a sea-change in the mind-set of the
people in the country. Not just the women
themselves, but the men have to wake up to a
world that is moving towards equality and equity
 better to embrace earlier rather than later, for
our own good
 a long way to go, but we will get there someday.
We shall overcome