2. Andrew Goodwin believed that all music videos should represent stereotypes of their genre e.g.
girl bands always include dancing in their music videos.
An example of music videos that represent stereotypes for their genre is the
music video Work From Home by Firth Harmony as they are a girl group and
include a dancing routine in it.
Andrew Goodwin also believed in notions of looking. This is where we are ‘watching’ the performer and
gaining interest from it.
An example of music videos that represent ‘notions of looking’ is the music
video Love o Top by Beyoncé as she is performing in her music video and we
are thoroughly enjoying her performance as a viewer.
Andrew Goodwin also believed that there should be a star image which is promotion of the star through
the video using a majority close ups and recurring motifs to represent the artist. An example of this can
also be the music video Love on Top by Beyoncé.
The last characteristic that Andrew Goodwin believed in is intertextuality this is reference to other media
texts (such as other songs, films etc.) that gives the audience a chance to decode the meaning.
An example of this would be the music video Fancy by Iggy Azelea as
she uses context from the film clueless.
3. Andrew Goodwin also believed that the sound and visuals in a music video should have a clear
relationship between the lyrics and visuals e.g. a love song should include a couple. This could be
represented through the visuals being illustrative the visuals represent the lyrics.
An example of illustrative visuals is the music video Black Magic by Little Mix
because the song is about using magic to make your boyfriend fall in love
with you and the music video clearly shows the girls playing around with a
magic book and spells.
Andrew Goodwin believed that sound and visuals can also be contradictory this is where the lyrics
and visuals are in contrast with each other.
An example of contradictory visuals is the music video Cheap Thrills by Sia
because the song is about going out and having a good time with out
spending any money however the music video contradicts this as it has a
performance by contemporary dancers and has no link with the lyrics.
Andrew Goodwin believed that sound and visuals can be represented through amplification this is
where there is a manipulation between manipulation of the audience through repetition of key
meanings.
An example of amplification visuals is the music video We are Never Ever Getting Back Together
by Taylor Swift because the song is about love and breaking which is repetitive feature in most
of her lyrics.
Finally sound and visuals can be represented through disjuncture this is where the songs meaning is ignored.
This would use the same example as contradictory which was Cheap Thrills music video by Sia.
