2. The 2nd International Professional Doctorate and
Postgraduate Symposium
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 25th September 2021
EXTENDED ABSTRACT
PROCEEDINGS
Organized by:
School of Graduate Studies
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Tel: +607-5537903 (office)
Fax: +607-5537800
Email: graduate@utm.my
Website: www.sps.utm.my
In collaboration with:
UTM Postgraduate Student Society (PGSS-UTM)
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
4. i
Editorial Board
Assoc. Prof. Dr Siti Zaleha Abdul Rasid
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Siti Sophiayati Yuhaniz
Assoc. Prof. Ts. Dr. Mohd Khairi Abu Husain
Assoc. Prof. Ts. Dr. Roslina Mohammad
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohamed Sukri bin Mat Ali
Dr. Pritheega A/P Magalingam
Dr. Nelidya binti Md. Yusoff
Dr. Faizir bin Ramlie
Dr. Noor Hafizah binti Hassan
Dr. Noorlizawati binti Abd. Rahim
Dr. Nurhasmiza binti Abu Hasan Sazalli
Dr. Wan Farah Wani binti Wan Fakhruddin
Dr. Haliyana binti Khalid
Dr. Wan Nur Asyura binti Wan Adnan
Dr. Nur Azaliah binti Abu Bakar
Dr. Mohd Syahid bin Mohd Anuar
Dr. Azizul bin Azizan
Dr. Rahimah binti Muhamad
Dr. Siti Hasliah binti Salleh
Dr. Rasimah binti Che Mohd Yusoff
Dr. Norshaliza binti Kamaruddin
Dr. Hazlifah binti Mohd Rusli
Mrs. Nurfarah Athirah binti Abdullah Sidek
Mrs. Nur Saffa binti Md. Khdis
Mrs. Yuhanis binti Yusof
Mrs. Kazira binti Abdul Rashid
Mrs. Nurul Nadzinah binti Miran Han
Cover Design by:
Dr. Haliyana Khalid
Published in Malaysia by:
School of Graduate Studies
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Level 8 Menara Razak
Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra
54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
www.sps.utm.my
5. ii
About iPDOCs’21
In bridging the gap between academia and industry, UTM School of Graduate Studies (SPS)
and Post Graduate Student Society (PGSS) invite academics, practitioners and students to
share ideas and present findings from industry-driven research that contribute impactful
solutions to the industrial challenges and enhance the industrial performance. iPDOCs’21
aims to highlight the impacts of industry-driven research and professional doctorate in
developing professional practices, outcomes and achievements in the industrial workplaces.
The purpose of the conference is to share knowledge and experience in research as well as
to establish an academic network. The conference will provide an avenue to highlight
recent developments and to identify emerging and future areas of growth in these exciting
fields. This could be a platform for the participants to write high-quality articles in the future.
It is also a venue to expose the participants to establish networking and generate discussions
for potential collaborations. This conference provides opportunities for participants to
communicate and learn from each other not only in terms of academic research but also
the culture.
Articles published in the proceedings can be used for references and will be beneficial to
future researchers. Some of the findings can also be beneficial to some organizations which
can apply the result and conclusions in improving their business operations.
6. iii
Table of Contents
Editorial Board.................................................................................................................................. i
About iPDOCs’21 ............................................................................................................................ ii
PROPOSING MALAY SARCASM DETECTION ON SOCIAL MEDIA SERVICES: A MACHINE
LEARNING APPROACH....................................................................................................................1
Suziane Haslinda binti Suhaimi, Nur Azaliah Abu binti Bakar and Nurulhuda Firdaus binti Mohd. Azmi
EVALUATING THE AESTHETICS OF ARABIC CALLIGRAPHY IN THE KING ABDULLAH MOSQUE IN
SAUDI ARABIA .................................................................................................................................6
Duaa Mohammed Alashari
BENEFITS OF THE APPLICATION OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
.......................................................................................................................................................10
Adetunji Kamoli, Razali Adul Hamid and Syamsul Hendra Bin Mahmud
DATA GOVERNANCE MODEL FOR THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MALAYSIA USING ENTERPRISE
ARCHITECTURE APPROACH ..........................................................................................................15
Kholijah binti Norbib and Nur Azaliah binti Abu Bakar
THE EFFECT OF SUPPLY CHAIN RISK MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON RESILIENCE AND
PERFORMANCE: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW....................................................................20
Liu Min and Thoo Ai Chin
SUPPLY CHAIN INTEGRATION AND RISKS IN THE CONTEXT OF CHANGEABLE WORLD ..............25
Huang Duoming and Thoo Ai Chin
CONTENT ANALYSIS ON REVERSE LOGISTICS AND SUSTAINABILITY PERFORMANCE.................30
Yang Kaihan and Thoo Ai Chin
EFFECT OF THE EMERGING CHINESE CAR ON THE INDONESIAN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY........35
Ibham Veza and Mohd Farid Muhammad Said
TREND AND ASSESSMENT OF RESILIENCE .....................................................................................47
Wan Yee Leong and Kuan Yew Wong
THE ROLES OF TEACHERS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS LEARNING ANALYTICS IN HIGHER EDUCATION
INSTITUTIONS: A CONCEPT PAPER ................................................................................................52
Adedayo Taofeek Quadri and Nurbiha A. Shukor
CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS AND PERFORMANCE OF INDUSTRIAL DESIGN IN MALAYSIAN
SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTREPRISES................................................................................................57
Zoel-Fazlee Omar and Siti Zaleha Abdul Rasid
SMART CITY FRAMEWORK RECONCILE (SCFR).............................................................................62
Qasim HamaKhurshid HamaMurad and Normal Mat Jusoh
LIVE-STREAMING PLATFORM FOR IMPULSE BUYING BEHAVIOR ..................................................69
Wu Yanzhou and Thoo Ai Chin
OVERVIEW OF CAUSES AND EFFECTS INCOMPLETE CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS........................73
T.R. Dabouba, A.L. Saleh and A.N. Mazlan
7. iv
REVIEW ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF WING-IN-GROUND CRAFTS.................................................78
Afifi.A Pua’at, Amzari Zhahir, Mohamed Tarmizi Ahmad and Aziz Hassan
GREEN LEAN SIX SIGMA: A REVIEW..............................................................................................83
L Thiruvarasu Letchumanan, Noordin Mohd Yusof, Hamed Gholami and Nor Hasrul Akhmal Bin Ngadiman
A REVIEW OF CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS (CSFs) FOR SUCCESSFUL DESIGN-BUILD PROJECTS
.......................................................................................................................................................89
A.Kiralla, A.N. Mazlan and A.L. Saleh
MEASURING THE EFFICACY OF COMBINING ONLINE AND OFFLINE TEACHING METHODS: A
CASE STUDY OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN CHINA........................................................................94
Qie xingjia and Mansoureh Ebrahimi
THE ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL INTEGRITY CULTURE ON INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT PRACTICE
AND EMPLOYEE ETHICAL PERFORMANCE IN THE PRIVATE HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY ...................98
Noor Haslina Harun and Fauziah Sh. Ahmad
ISSUES IN THE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING EDUCATION IN INDONESIA: HOW TO IMPROVE
COMPETITIVENESS THROUGH STEM MASTERY ............................................................................103
Ibham Veza, Mohd Farid Muhamad Said, Tri Widodo Besar Riyadi and Mohd Azman
A REVIEW OF CYBERSECURITY ELEMENT IN FRAUD PREVENTION AND DETECTION MECHANISMS
.....................................................................................................................................................109
Malar A/P Gunasegaran and Rohaida binti Basiruddin
ANALYSIS OF PARAMETERS WHICH AFFECTS PREDICTION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN
BUILDINGS USING PARTIAL LEAST SQUARE (PLS) APPROACH ...................................................114
Muhammad Irfan and Faizir Ramlie
A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING HEALTH PROFESSIONALS' READINESS TO ADOPT
BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY......................................................................................................119
Fariha Anjum Hira, Haliyana Khalid, Siti Zaleha Abdul Rasid and Md Moshiul Alam
A CONCEPTUAL PAPER ON THE INFLUENCE OF MUTUAL RESPECT ON LEADER-SUBORDINATE
RELATIONSHIP IN THE MALAYSIAN PUBLIC SERVICES ................................................................124
Syahrir Rahman and Nomahaza Mahadi
THE PERFORMANCE OF TAGUCHI'S T-METHOD WITH BINARY BAT ALGORITHM BASED ON GREAT
VALUE PRIORITY DISCRETIZATION FOR PREDICTION ..................................................................128
Zulkifli Marlah Marlan, Faizir Ramlie, Khairur Rijal Jamaludin and Nolia Harudin
FUTURE DIRECTION OF MICROALGAE BIODIESEL IN INDONESIA .............................................133
Ibham Veza and Mohd Farid Muhammad Said
REMOVAL OF SUSPENDED SOLID FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER BY USING FOAM
FRACTIONATION .........................................................................................................................137
Mohd Ilman Naim Ghazali and Ani Idris
RECRUITMENT CRITERIA FOR TEACHERS’ RETENTION IN MALAYSIAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOLS:
A CONCEPT PAPER......................................................................................................................142
Leong Sok Yee and Hamdan Said
CUSTOMER PERCEPTION AND SATISFACTION LEVELS OF SERVICE QUALITY AT PETROL SERVICE
STATION .......................................................................................................................................145
Abdul Razif Abdul Karim, Roslina Mohammad and Rosmahaida Jamaludin
8. v
MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING APPROACH TOWARDS ALTERNATIVE FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN
SHIPPING INDUSTRY.....................................................................................................................149
Md Moshiul Alam, Roslina Mohammad and Fariha Anjum Hira
AIRCRAFT STRUCTURE INTEGRITY PROGRAM FOR C-130 AIRCRAFTS OF ROYAL MALAYSIAN
AIRFORCE ....................................................................................................................................154
Arvinthan Venugopal, Roslina Mohammad and Sa'ardin Abd Aziz
AN EMPIRICAL VALIDATION OF A CONCEPTUAL OPERATIONAL EXCELLENCE MODEL FOR
ORGANIZATIONS IN THE SUDANESE AVIATION INDUSTRY.........................................................158
Mohamed Ibrahim Osman Abedelgadir and Roslina Mohammad
BEST PRACTICES AND AVOIDANCES IN DATA-DRIVEN SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING CAMPAIGN
FOR TAKAFUL ADVISOR...............................................................................................................163
Elizabeth Embang Anak Stephen Sile, Nuraida Shaikh Sharuddin, Ainis Roziatul Izwa Ismail and Haliyana Khalid
IMPLEMENTATION OF AUGMENTATIVE AND ALTERNATIVE MODE OF COMMUNICATION (AAC)
ENHANCES THE COMMMUNICATION SKILLS AND REDUCES THE BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS OF THE
NONVERBAL CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY.........................................................................166
Amina Imran Niazi, Hanita Hassan and Saher Fazal
THE RISK PRIORITY NUMBER (RPN) AT A LEVEL CROSSINGS ALONG THE RAILWAY LINE IN
INDONESIA ..................................................................................................................................170
Franka Hendra, Roslina Mohammad and Astuty Amrin
STRUCTURAL DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION USING MODEL UPDATING APPROACH: A REVIEW....174
Nur Raihana Sukri, Nurulakmar Abu Husain, Syarifah Zyurina Nordin and Mohd Shahrir Mohd Sani
WORK-RELATED LOW BACK PAIN AMONG HOTEL HOUSEKEEPING WORKERS IN KUALA LUMPUR.179
Mohd Fahmi Mohd Yusof, Roslina Mohammad and Siti Haida Ismail
A PRELIMINARY INTERVENTION TO IMPROVE BRAND AWARENESS FOR SMART PARKING APPS
.....................................................................................................................................................184
Kong Cheng, Haliyana Khalid, Fatin Aqilah and Elyssa Wong
BIG DATA ANALYTICS CAPABILITY: A LITERATURE REVIEW IN MALAYSIA, THAILAND, INDONESIA
AND INDIA...................................................................................................................................188
Chu-Le Chong1, Siti Zaleha Abdul Rasid and Haliyana Binti Khalid
EFFECTS OF INTEGRATING DIGITAL PRESENTATION TOOLS IN INDUSTRIAL DESIGN PROGRAMME
FOR HIGHER EDUCATION............................................................................................................191
Teo Pei Kian and Tan Su Huey
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION DURING SIMULTANEOUS PRODUCTION AND DRILLING AT BAYAN-B
PLATFORM....................................................................................................................................194
Nur Liyana Shafie and Roslina Mohammad
EXTENDED THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR FOR GREEN PURCHASE INTENTIONS...................199
Loh Shi Wei and Thoo Ai Chin
A PROCESSING MODEL USING NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING (NLP) FOR CLINICAL NOTES
FOR PRODUCING SYMPTOMS OF COVID-19 .............................................................................203
Amir Yasseen Mahdi and Siti Sophiayati Yuhaniz
9. vi
WORK-FAMILY CONFLICT AS A PREDICTOR OF MENTAL HEALTH AMONG LOW-INCOME
EARNERS IN PUBLIC SECTORS......................................................................................................207
Errna Nadhirah Binti Kamalulil and Siti Aisyah Binti Panatik
COMPARISON BETWEEN TRADITIONAL METHOD AND DESIGN-OF-EXPERIMENT ON
OPTIMIZATION OF RADIATION GRAFTING OF SORBIC ACID ONTO LDPE FILM ........................211
N A Shukri,F F Hilmi,S.N.S, Sheikh Ibrahim, M U Wahit and A H Shukur
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE OF INTEGRATED REPORTING AND
CORPORATE DISCLOSURE ...........................................................................................................215
Siti Amirah Md Ismail and Rohaida Basiruddin
THERMAL BEHAVIOUR OF Mg-Al LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDE ..............................................220
Nurul Iman Abdul Razak, Noor Izyan Syazana Mohd Yusoff and Mat Uzir Wahit
THE IMPORTANCE OF STUDENTS INVOLVEMENT IN ASSOCIATIONS AMONGST UTM FOUNDATION
STUDENTS .....................................................................................................................................225
Nawal Shaharuddin, Aaishah Radziah Jamaludin, Siti Munira Jamil, Nur Liyana Zakaria and Nurul Athma Mohd
Shukry
MODE II FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF HELICAL MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE REINFORCED
CARBON FIBER/EPOXY COMPOSITES.........................................................................................229
Usaid Ahmed, Shukur Abu Hassan, Mohammed Abdelsamea Rady, Habibah Ghazali, Andri Andriyana, Ahmad
Ilyas Rushdan, Ang Bee Chin and Ayub Sulong
ANALYSIS AND PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF WEB FRAMEWORK AND CRUD OPERATION FOR
WEB APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT..............................................................................................233
Asyraf Wahi Anuar, Nazri Kama, Azri Azmi and Hazlifah Mohd Rusli
THEMATIC ANALYSIS ON ARCHITECT’S RISKS RELATED TO MODIFICATION OF CONDITION OF
ENGAGEMENT (COE) IN DESIGN-BUILD PROCUREMENT ...........................................................238
Hanis Nazurah binti Abu Hassan and Nur Emma binti Mustaffa
eSPORT VIEWERSHIP MOTIVATION FACTORS IN MALAYSIA......................................................243
Badrul Emran bin Badrul Hisham and Siti Sophiayati Yuhaniz
EMPOWERING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISE RAPID
INTERNATIONALISATION .............................................................................................................248
Azlina Mohamad, Adriana Mohd Rizal, Rohaida Basiruddin and Ong Choon Hee
EFFECT OF COOLING RATES ON MORPHOLOGY TRANSFORMATION OF PRIMARY MG2SI IN Al–
20MG2SI–0.2BA COMPOSITE.......................................................................................................253
Hamidreza Ghandvar, Mostafa Abbas Jabbar and Tuty Asma Abu Bakar
EXCELLENT ENGLISH TEACHERS – A VIEW FROM ENGLISH TEACHERS.......................................257
Muhamad Arshad Bin Mohamad Amir and Faizah Mohamad Nor
STATISTICAL OPTIMISATION ANALYSIS OF NOISE PERFORMANCE FOR SERRATED LEADING EDGE
NACA0012 AIRFOIL.....................................................................................................................260
Jafirdaus Jalasabri, Mohamed Sukri Mat Ali, Fairuz Izzuddin Romli and Nurshafinaz Mohd Maruai
A REVIEW ON OXIDE SCALE OF LOW-COST TI-6AL-4V SUBSTITUTION ALLOYS COMPOSITION264
Aezal Muhammad Faim, Astuty Amrin and Roslina Mohammad
10. vii
ANALYSING THE VISIBLE PATTERN OF USE ON THE DIFFERENCES IN SPATIAL TYPOLOGY OF LIBYAN
MOSQUES WITH SPACE SYNTAX METHOD......................................................................................268
Abdelbaaset M A El Teira and Sharifah Salwa Bt Syed Mahdzar
MICROPLASTICITY AND SHEAR BAND IN MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL ELASTOMER ....................273
Mohd Aidy Faizal Johari, Saiful Amri Mazlan and Nur Azmah Nordin
REGIMES OF FLOW-INDUCED VIBRATION AND WIND ENERGY HARVESTING ASSOCIATED WITH
CYLINDER-PLATECONFIGURATION...............................................................................................278
Nurshafinaz Mohd Maruai, Mohamed Sukri Mat Ali, Sheikh Ahmad Zaki and IzuanAmin Ishak
TAILORING DELAMINATION RESISTANCE OF CARBON/EPOXY COMPOSITES USING HELICAL
MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES AS SECONDARY REINFORCEMENT ...............................283
Abdulelah AlGhuwaidi, Shukur Abu Hassan, Usaid Ahmed, Habibah Ghazali, Mujiyono and Didik Nurhadiyanto
ZINC OXIDE IN POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE AS PASSIVE SATURABLE ABSORBER FOR Q-
SWITCHED ERBIUM DOPED FIBER LASER......................................................................................287
N.A. Aziz, M.Q. Lokman, E. Hanafi, S.W. Harun and F. Ahmad
THE REVIEW OF BOARD WITH IT EXPERTISE IN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE..............................292
Minhan Lai, Rohaida binti Basiruddin and Ibrahim M. Menshawy
WATER DISTRIBUTION AND NON-REVENUE WATER MANAGEMENT SCENARIO IN ASIAN
COUNTRIES: MALAYSIAN PERSPECTIVE .....................................................................................296
Biothania Niigata Putri, Imran Ahmad and Norhayati Abdullah
FLIPPED CLASSROOMS CHANGES PEDAGOGY IN TUITION CENTRE .........................................301
Choy Soon Tan, Norhayati Zakuan and Mohd Ismail Abd Aziz
ASSESSING SITE POSSESSION DELAYS ON ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS..........................306
Norhana Danial and Mohd Saidin Misnan
MACHINE LEARNING PREDICTION OF INDIVIDUAL’S THERMAL COMFORT IN BUILDING UNDER
HOT AND HUMID COUNTRIES......................................................................................................310
Muhammad Nafiz, Sheikh Ahmad Zaki, Farah Liana, Ahmad F. Mohammad and Fitri Yakub
INDUSTRIALIZED BUILDING SYSTEM EVALUATION FRAMEWORK FOR HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION
IN MALAYSIA...............................................................................................................................315
Hanif Alias and Rahimah Muhamad
META-ANALYSIS RESEARCH ON THE USAGE OF TECHNOLOGY IN HANDWRITING FOR CHILDREN
.....................................................................................................................................................320
Nur Aini Sunar Too @ Ismail and Diyana Zulaika Abdul Ghani
A SYSTEMATIC BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE ACCOUNTABILITY PRACTICES AMONG NON-
GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS................................................................................................324
Noor Muafiza Masdar, Rohaida Basiruddin and Basheer Hussein Motawe Altarturi
DETERMINANTS OF TURNOVER INTENTION AMONG EMPLOYEES: A CASE STUDY OF AN
INDUSTRIAL HEATING ELEMENT MANUFACTURING COMPANY.................................................333
Thiagu P. Chandren, Noorlizawati Abd Rahim, Siti Hasliah Salleh, Fatimah Salim and Wan Normeza Wan Zakaria
FACTORS AFFECTING DELAYS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION PROJECT....................................338
Aishatul Izwani Aminorlah, Noorlizawati Abd Rahim, Zainai Mohamed and Ain Naadia Mazlan
11. viii
ERGONOMIC RISK ASSESSMENT OF MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS AMONG THE AIRCRAFT
TECHNICIANS: EVIDENCE FROM ROYAL MALAYSIAN AIR FORCE ............................................343
T. Nanthakumaran Thulasy, Noorlizawati Abd Rahim, Astuty Amrin and Sa’ardin Abdul Aziz
A REVIEW ON EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL APPROACHES TO OVERCOME SPEAKING ANXIETY AND
COPING STRATEGIES AMONG PRE-SERVICE ESL TEACHERS.....................................................348
Ayu Rita Mohamad, Wan Farah Wani Wan Fakhruddin and Nurhasmiza Abu Hasan Sazalli
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF A THREE-DIMENSIONAL SUBSEA CABLE WITH BUOYANCY MODULE
.....................................................................................................................................................353
Nur Adlin Lina Normisyidi, Yeak Su Hoe and Ahmad Razin Zainal Abidin
ANOMALY DETECTION BASED ON TINY MACHINE LEARNING: A REVIEW ................................358
Yap Yan Siang, Mohd. Ridzuan Ahmad and Mastura Shafinaz Zainal Abidin
GOAL-SEEKING NAVIGATION BASED ON MULTI-AGENT REINFORCEMENT LEARNING
APPROACH..................................................................................................................................363
Abdul Muizz bin Abdul Jalil and Mohd Ridzuan bin Ahmad
UNDERSTANDING ENTREPRENEURS’ MOTIVATION TO PARTICIPATE IN RISK MANAGEMENT
PROGRAM AFTER COVID-19 CRISIS: A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW..................................................368
Mumtaz Ahmad and Rahayu Tasnim
EXPLORE COMMUNITY PERCEPTION IN DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES TOWARDS ADAPTIVE
REUSING OF AL-SAKKAF PALACE FOR THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE BUILT HERITAGE AND
DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES.................................................................................................372
Yahya M. Nabhan, Abdullah S Karban, Hasanuddin Bin Lamit and Muhammad Bin Azizui
SCREW DRIVING SOUNDING: AN APPROACH TOWARDS INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0 (IR 4.0)
INNOVATION...............................................................................................................................376
Muhammad Hatta Mohd Satar, Aminaton Marto, Faizah Che Ros, Go Sakai and Akio Sugiyama
REDESIGNING THE SUKHOI-30MKM AIRCRAFT ELECTROSTATICDISCHARGER ..............................381
Nydia Nathasha Abd Razak, Sallehuddin Muhammad, Mohamed Sukri Mat Ali and Nurshafinaz Mohd Maruai
SIMILARITY AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PHYSICALLY BASED MODEL IN LANDSLIDE
SUSCEPTIBILITY MAP ....................................................................................................................386
Wardatun Ahmar Abdul Manan, Ahmad Safuan A. Rashid, Muhammad Zulkarnain Bin Abdul Rahman and
Mohd Faisal Bin Abdul Khanan
ONLINE LEARNING CLINICS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A STRATEGY TO ADDRESS LOW
TOLERANCE OF AMBIGUITY ON ONLINE LEARNING AMONG ACADEMICS.............................390
Nurhasmiza Sazalli, Wan Nur Asyura Wan Adnan and Wan Farah Wani Wan Fakhruddin
THE EFFECT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ON CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND FIRM
FINANCIAL DISTRESS: EVIDENCE FROM EMERGING ECONOMY...............................................395
Mashiur Rahman, Siti Zaleha Abdul Rasid and Rohaida Basiruddin
SYNTHESIZING DEFINITION AND MEASUREMENT APPROACH OF A CITY’S OVERALL BRAND
IMAGE..........................................................................................................................................400
Siti Aisyah Ya’kob and Rohaizat Baharun
IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON LABOR MARKET: EXPERIENCE OF ASIAN COUNTRIES..............404
Muhammad Muzammil Kamis and Wan Normeza Wan Zakaria
12. ix
ORGANIZATIONAL CAPABILITIES, COMPETITIVENES AND BUSINESS PERFORMANCE OF MARA
DIGITAL IN MALAYSIA.................................................................................................................409
Suziyanti Adanan and Siti Zaleha Abdul Rasid
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND CULTURE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW........................................413
Afkar Majeed and Rohaida Basiruddin
HIGH DIMENSIONAL CLUSTERING APPROACH FOR SPATIO-TEMPORAL DATA ........................417
Nurul Atikah Rohana and Norhakim Yusof
PRE AND POST-MERGER AND ACQUISITION PERFORMANCE OF COMPANIES IN THE MALAYSIAN
ENERGY SECTOR..........................................................................................................................421
Feliks Aryono Harefa and Siti Zaleha Abd Rasid
RECENT ADVANCES IN FRICTION WELDING OF TITANIUM ALLOYS: A REVIEW .........................426
Mohammed Farhan, Engku Mohamad Nazim, Shukur Abu Hassan, Essam Rabea Ibrahim Mahmoud and Uday
M. Basheer
LEADERSHIP AND SOCIAL INFLUENCE: ASSESSING THE FUTURE-READY HUMAN SKILLS TOWARDS
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GOOD GOVERNANCE PRACTICES.......................................................433
Zawiyah Mahmood and Shathees Baskaran
ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATION PERFORMANCE THROUGH BIG DATA ANALYTICS WITH
MODERATING ROLE OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTANT ............................................................437
Sabra Munir, Siti Zaleha Abdul Rasid, Farrukh Jamil and Muhammad Aamir
HIGH STRENGTH SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE - MIX DESIGN AND SPALLING BEHAVIOUR: A
REVIEW.........................................................................................................................................440
M. Mohammed, Mariyana Aida Abd. Kadir, K. A. Mujedu, A M Najmi, M. T. M. A. SIF, N. Zuhan and T. S. Hussein
HOSPITAL PREPAREDNESS TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE IN MALAYSIA............................................444
Muhammad Ariffin Abdul Ghafar and Mariyana Aida Ab Kadir
INTERNAL AUDITORS’ READINESS IN AUDIT 4.0 PROJECT MANAGEMENT.................................447
Nurdalila Binti Md Rahin and Siti Zaleha Abdul Rasid
GEN-Z EFFECT: NEW OPPORTUNITIES OF EMPLOYEE COLLABORATION AND KNOWLEDGE
SHARING ON SERVICE INNOVATION IN MALAYSIA. .................................................................451
Rosalind J.S.Vincent and Fauziah Sh. Ahmad
A REVIEW OF STRATEGIES AND INSTRUCTION TO BUILD DICIPLINARY LITERACY IN HIGHER
EDUCATION .................................................................................................................................455
Lim Ying Xuan, Abdullah Bin Mohd Nawi and Mohd Saipuddin Suliman
AWARENESS OF BIM-FM INTEGRATION AT AN EARLY STAGE OF THE BIM PROCESS AMONGST FM
ORGANIZATION IN MALAYSIA....................................................................................................459
Erni Yusnida Ariffin, Nur Emma Mustafa and Maimunah Sapri
REVITALIZING OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY OF THE NIGERIAN CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY: CONSTRUCTION ORGANIZATIONS ROLES ................................................................463
Adetunji Kamoli, Razali Adul Hamid and Syamsul Hendra Bin Mahmud
EXPLORING THE EVOLUTION OF GEOGRAPHIC information SYSTEM AND AGENT BASED MODEL
integration FOR URBAN STUDIES.................................................................................................467
Noordini Che’Man, Ahmad Nazri Muhamad Ludin and Hairul Nizam Ismail
13. x
PERSON-ENVIRONMENT FIT AND ITS INFLUENCE ON PRODUCTIVITY LOSS AMONG EMPLOYEES
.....................................................................................................................................................472
Siti Nurul Akma Ahmad, Siti Zaleha Abdul Rasid and Mohamed Saladin Abdul Rasool
LINEAR PROGRAMMING SUBJECT ALLOCATION MODEL FOR PRIVATE SCHOOL TEACHERS...477
Nageswaran Muniandy, Ruzana Ishak and Noorlizawati Abd Rahim
BENCHMARKING FOR INDUSTRY CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE (ICoE) AT MAJLIS AMANAH RAKYAT
(MARA) TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING (TVET) INSTITUTIONS ...481
Rozita Razali, Syuhaida Ismail and Abd Latif Saleh
G-JITTER INDUCED ON FREE CONVECTION NANOFLUID FLOW NEAR A STAGNATION POINT WITH
NEWTONIAN HEATING ................................................................................................................486
Mohamad Hidayad Ahmad Kamal, Anati Ali, Noraihan Afiqah Rawi, Lim Yeou Jiann and Sharidan Shafie
SEISMIC RISK ASSESSMENT IN MALAYSIA : A REVIEW................................................................490
Muhammad Ramzanee Bin Mohd Noh, Shuib Bin Rambat and Fauzan Bin Ahmad
A REVIEW OF PROJECT MANAGER’S CHARACTERISTICS INFLUENCE ON PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE
PROJECT PERFORMANCES ..........................................................................................................494
Khalefa. Shaybi, Aminah Yusof and Nur Izieadiana Abidin
THE NECESSITY OF A CONFINEMENT LADY’S PRESENCE AT THE EARLY STAGE OF POSTPARTUM
.....................................................................................................................................................499
Nurfarah Athirah Abdullah Sidek and Wan Nur Asyura Wan Adnan
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF BUILDING MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (BMMS) IN AN
ORGANIZATION...........................................................................................................................503
Tengku Noradeena Tengku Ahmad and Siti Zaleha Abd Rasid
CATALYZING MALAYSIAN WORKFORCE SKILLS FOR ENGINEERS IN INDUSTRY 4.0 ..................508
N.Sakeshra and Abd Rahman,N.F.
A TQM IMPLEMENTATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: A LITERATURE REVIEW .........512
Jerrize Izah Jamalludin, Sa’ardin Abdul Aziz and Shamsul Sarip
EFFECT OF GD ADDITION ON MICROSTRUCTURAL OF AL-18%SI ALLOY FOR AUTOMOTIVE
APPLICATIONS.............................................................................................................................515
Saif Ali Yasir, Hamidreza Ghandvar and Muhamad Azizi Mat Yajid
ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN ZAKAT MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT ...........................................519
Muhammad Hanif Mohd Noor and Aminudin Hehsan
OVERCOMING ACADEMIC STRESS IN THE QUEST OF ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE: THE IMPORTANCE
OF COPING STRATEGIES .............................................................................................................521
Sofiazianti Saleh, Zakiah Mohamad Ashari, Azlina Mohd Kosnin, Masud Ibrahim Oniye, Abdulmumini Inda and
Nurul Farhana Zainudin
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF RUBBERIZED CONCRETE BRICK
WALLS SUBJECTED TO CYCLIC LOADINGS.................................................................................525
Mohamed Tohami M Abou Sif, Mariyana Aida Ab kadir, A M Najmi, K A Mujedu, Nurizaty Zuhan, M. Mohammed
and Thulfiqar Salim
MINIMISING BUTADIENE LEVEL IN LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG) VIA NON-STIRRED
BLENDING BY NUMERICAL APPROACH......................................................................................529
Mohd Sapiee Bin Amin and Norazana Ibrahim
14. xi
STRONGER INSTITUTIONAL INSTRUMENTS FOR GOVERNING UNDERGROUND UTILITY DATA IN
MALAYSIA....................................................................................................................................534
Juzaila Abd Satar, Nor Ashikin Mohamed Yusof and Siti Hasliah Salleh
PERFORMANCE OF MORINDA CITRIFOLIA PLANT EXTRACT IN PROHIBITING THE GROWTH OF
FUNGUS ON TREATED BAMBOO FOR CONSTRUCTION. .............................................................537
Ahmad Mazlan Othman and Yusof Ahmad
APPRAISING POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF URBANISATION TOWARDS SKUDAI RIVER
BASIN USING ECO-ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT .........................................541
Jamal Aimi Jamaludin and Ahmad Nazri Muhamad Ludin
COMPRESSIVE PROPERTIES AND BEHAVIOUR OF TIN SLAG POLYMER CONCRETEEXPOSED TO
TROPICAL CLIMATE AND AGGRESSIVE ENVIRONMENT.............................................................546
Siti Safarah Amirnuddin, Shukur Abu Hassan, Mat Uzir Wahit, Mohd Ruzaimi Mat Rejab, Uday M. Basheer and
NurHafizah Abd Khalid
THE USAGE OF GENERATIVE ADVERSARIAL NETWORK TO RESOLVE MALWARE DATA IMBALANCE
FOR CLASSIFICATION..................................................................................................................553
Nazri A. Zamani, Siti S. Yuhaniz and Aswami Ariffin
CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS (CFA) OF TEACHERS' SKILLS COMPETENCY CONSTRUCT ON
VALUES INCULCATION IN HISTORY TEACHING AND LEARNING IN THE 21ST CENTURY.............558
Norliza Mohamad and Ahmad Johari Sihes
USER EXPERIENCE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE USERS’ SATISFACTION OF USING DIGITAL LIBRARY
.....................................................................................................................................................563
Vatsala Pushparaja, Rasimah Che Mohd Yusoff and Nurazean Maarop
THE EFFECT OF RAMIE FIBER LOADING ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF RAMIE-
REINFORCED RECYCLED POLY(ETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE)/ RECYCLED POLY(PROPYLENE)
(RPET/RPP) COMPOSITE...............................................................................................................568
Noor Adila Muhamad Rawi, Noor Izyan Syazana Mohd Yusoff, Mat Uzir Wahit, Agus Arsad and Shukur Abu
Hassan
EXPERIMENTAL OF BALLAST FREE SYSTEM WITH AIR-INJECTED PRESSURE BUBBLE IN REDUCING
SHIP RESISTANCE .........................................................................................................................572
Norul Hidayah Kadir, Adi Maimun Abdul Malik and Arifah Ali
THERMAL ANALYSIS AND WETTING PROPERTIES OF PARTICULATE COLLOIDAL SILICA FOR STF
FLUID SYSTEM...............................................................................................................................577
MS Suhaimi and Yazid Yahya
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ‘BIG FIVE’ PERSONALITY AND CAREER SUCCESS..................582
Norliyana Zakaria and Halimah Mohd Yusof
EFFECT OF PILE SCOURING ON STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY OF FIXED OFFSHORE JACKET STRUCTURES
.....................................................................................................................................................586
A.H. Abdullah Sani, M.K. Abu Husain, N.I. Mohd Zaki. N.A. Mukhlas and S.Z.A Syed Ahmad
DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS OF FAT, OIL AND GREASE (FOG) AND ITS SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT
FOR ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT..............................................................................................591
Imran Ahmad, Norhayati Abdullah, Iwamoto Koji and Ali Yuzir
15. xii
IMPROVING HATE SPEECH DETECTION USING MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES: A
PRELIMINARY STUDY....................................................................................................................596
Jawaid Ahmed Siddiqui, Siti Sophiayati Yuhaniz and Zulfiqar Ali Memon
17. 2nd International Professional Doctorate and Postgraduate Symposium 2021 (iPDOCs’21)
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 25 Sept 2021
1
PROPOSING MALAY SARCASM DETECTION ON SOCIAL MEDIA SERVICES:
A MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH
Suziane Haslinda binti Suhaimi1*, Nur Azaliah Abu binti Bakar2, Nurulhuda Firdaus binti
Mohd. Azmi 3
*suzianehaslinda@graduate.utm.my
ABSTRACT - User comments from social media platforms have become crucial inputs for
organizations, especially the government, to get feedback about their programs and services.
However, since people can respond freely on social media sites, sometimes they like to use sarcastic
texts implicitly in conveying their disagreeing views. Research on sarcasm detection for other
languages such as the Malay language is still in its early stages. The use of noisy text, mixed languages
and slang words by social media users has increased the difficulty of classifying sentiments in Malay
language. Thus, this paper aims to propose a Malay sarcasm detection model on social media based
on a machine learning approach. The proposed model will also leverage the emotion reaction button
of the Facebook platform as one of the main features to be used in sarcasm detection.
Keywords: sarcasm detection, sentiment analysis, machine learning, social media platform, Malay
corpus.
1. INTRODUCTION
People tend to express their honest opinions and feelings about any topics on social media.
For example, dissatisfaction with certain products, services, or excitement over positive
events. Accordingly, sentiment analysis (SA) plays a vital role in analysing social media data.
However, the accuracy of the data analysis depends on the extent to which interpreting a
sentiment analysis of these comments. Sarcasm is among the biggest challenges in SA as the
sarcastic pattern is usually the point contrary to written sentences. Suhaimin et al. [1] defined
sarcasm as a type of verbal irony that implies the inverse of the literal sense of what was said.
Sarcasm detection is an essential task in natural language processing (NLP), especially in the
classification task. The presence of sarcasm in a text can lead to misclassification [2] and
affect the quality of SA. Detecting sarcasm is crucial for avoiding misunderstandings and
knowing people's true feelings [3]. In verbal conversation, sentiment through facial
expressions can be described in the form of emoticons. Therefore, using emoticons or
emotion reaction button in communication in social media text is very popular nowadays
because of its capability to make the conversation more relaxed, open, and easy for people
to express their feelings [4]. For example, users can use reaction button on Facebook page
to convey a variety of emotions related to thoughts, feelings, and sarcasm. It is another
challenge for researchers to comprehend how these interact together [5].
Aboobaker et al. [6] has categorised the sarcasm detection approaches into four
categories; rule-based approach, lexicon-based approach, machine learning-based
approach, and deep learning-based approach. The machine learning approach is more
suitable for this study since it can adapt various features and labelled data for training
sentiment classifiers. While the lexicon-based approach has to rely on lists of words with
predetermined emotional weight [7].
Hence, this study aims to fill the gap by developing a sarcasm detection model based on a
machine learning approach by leveraging the emotion reaction of the Facebook platform
18. 2
as one of the main features to be used in sarcasm detection. In addition, a new public
dataset for detecting Malay sarcasm will be developed, which will be useful for future
research work. The remaining structure of the paper is organized as follows: Section 2 presents
some related work on sarcasm detection in social media. Section 3 introduces the
requirements and the design methodology for the Malay sarcasm detection model, followed
by the preliminary findings and discussion in Section 4. The paper is concluded in Section 5.
2. RELATED WORKS
There have been active research works on sarcasm detection on social media in recent
years. Researchers have worked on issues like slang, non-context features, and multilingual
languages [8]. The most popular approach is machine learning like Naïve Bayes, Support
Vector Machine, Random Forest, and Decision Trees. Only years recently, that deep learning-
based approach has gained increasing attention, such as Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM).
Previously, most studies of sarcasm detection have only carried out focusing on the English
language. In the past few years, recent trends in detecting sarcasm have been observed in
different languages. There were a few studies related to sarcasm detection focusing on
languages other than English such as Malay [1], Persian [2], Indonesian [4],[9], Arabic [10],
and so on. According to Zabha et al. [11], the Malay language is still under-resourced since
most research on sentiment analysis focuses on vocabulary in the English lexicon. Research
on sentiment analysis in Malaysia's social media is complex due to the mixed use of English
and Malay language. A systematic literature review on sentiment analysis for the Malay
language conducted by Handayani et al. [12] assures is a strong reason for more research
constructing sentiment analysis research specifically for the Malay language.
The sarcasm comments mostly shared on popular social media platforms such as Twitter and
Facebook. Based on review by Wicana et al. [13], most research on sarcasm datasets has
been conducted on the Twitter platform compared to Facebook, although Facebook has
more comments and subscribers than Twitter [14]. This is perhaps, most studies focused on
the short text datasets rather than analysing long text datasets. Therefore, this proposed work
aims to explore a new context in analysing the long text dataset: Facebook comments to
detect sarcasm. The focus is on a Facebook comments from Malaysia or using the Malay
Language.
3. PROPOSED MODEL DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
In proposing for the Malay Sarcasm Detection on Social Media, it will involve five
development phases: data collection, pre-processing, sarcasm feature extraction, sarcasm
detection, and model evaluation, as shown in Figure 1.
19. 3
Figure 1: Sarcasm detection development phases
3.1 Data collection
For this study, we will use the dataset from Facebook, specifically from an official page
account for the Ministry of Health Malaysia, among the official government sites that get
many reactions and comments from users with the latest issues related to COVID-19 and
vaccination. A total of posts will be crawled near real-time using Facebook Graph API,
together with the comments and reactions contained in them.
3.2 Pre-processing
The data pre-processing is essential to produce a clean dataset to work with the machine
learning algorithm. Stop word, stemming, tokenization, punctuation, and POS-tagging are
among the most commonly used pre-processing techniques by researchers [15]. The dataset
then will be labelled sarcastic or not sarcastic by annotators.
3.3 Feature extraction
Feature extraction is a method for reducing the number of resources used to describe a
dataset by converting the input data into a series of features. This procedure will retrieve
pertinent data from the sarcastic dataset, which will aid in the training of the sarcasm
detection model.
3.4 Sarcasm detection
This is the phase where classification techniques will be implemented for sarcasm detection.
For this study, we will use machine learning algorithms to train models for predicting data
whether the Facebook comments are sarcastic or non-sarcastic.
3.5 Model evaluation
The proposed model will be validated based on the results from testing data and compared
with the results from manual labelling by the Malaysian linguist. The evaluation will calculate
the accuracy, precision, and recall of the proposed sarcasm detection model using cross-
fold validation.
4. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
The study by Aboobaker & Ilavarasan [6] highlights a few challenges in sarcasm detection.
First, understanding and decrypting the real meaning of the ambiguous nature of sarcastic
words. It is challenging because a sarcastic phrase usually conveys a negative message by
using the only favourable word. Second, it is more difficult to detect sarcasm from the text
than speech because speech features like tones, body gestures, and facial expressions are
not present. Third, the quality of the dataset is also crucial to correctly detecting sarcasm.
20. 4
The dataset without a hashtag is more complicated to understand. Fourth, the researchers
also need to consider suitable features to be extracted and trained for the classification
model. Selecting appropriate features can increase the accuracy of sarcasm detection. The
features frequently used by previous researchers are n-gram, hashtag, semantic, syntactic,
POS-tagger, and Bag-of-Word [13]. It shows that the emoticon or emotion reaction feature
has not yet been widely exploited. In contrast, this feature is significant because it can
describe facial expressions that represent feelings in the sentences presented.
Last but not least, choosing the proper classification technique is also essential for
categorizing sentences into non-sarcastic and sarcastic. The proposed work approach helps
find the relationship between emotional reactions and user comments to create an
automated annotation process [16] and enable a faster filtering process and detecting
sarcasm. Besides, we will examine the potential of using Facebook reactions to recognise
and classify whether the sentence is sarcastic or not.
In conclusion, this paper highlighted the background of sarcasm detection in sentiment
analysis, including the most common approaches used in sarcasm detection. In addition,
the growing research areas of sarcasm detection on social media in languages other than
English have also been discussed. Based on preliminary findings on this topic, a Malay
sarcasm detection model on social media based on a machine learning approach is
proposed. Besides, a new public dataset for Malay sarcasm detection will be created for
future research work. In particular, the feature extraction process may be improved by
considering the emotion reaction feature as one of the main features in detecting sarcasm.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial,
or not-for-profit sectors.
REFERENCES
[1] Suhaimin, M. S. M., Hijazi, M. H. A., Alfred, R., & Coenen, F. (2019). Modified framework
for sarcasm detection and classification in sentiment analysis. Indonesian Journal of
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 13(3), 1175-1183.
[2] Nezhad, Z. B., & Deihimi, M. A., (2020). Sarcasm detection in Persian. Journal of
Information and Communication Technology, 20(1), 1-20.
[3] Samonte, M. J. C., Dollete, C. J. T., Capanas, P. M. M., Flores, M. L. C., & Soriano, C. B.
(2018, October). Sentence-level sarcasm detection in English and Filipino tweets. In
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on industrial and business
engineering (pp. 181-186).
[4] Alita, D., Priyanta, S., & Rokhman, N., (2019). Analysis of emoticon and sarcasm effect
on sentiment analysis of Indonesian language on Twitter. Journal of Information
Systems Engineering and Business Intelligence, 5(2), 100-109.
[5] Calderon, F. H., Kuo, P. C., Yen-Hao, H., & Chen, Y. S., (2019). Emotion combination in
social media comments as features for sarcasm detection, The International
Workshop on Issues of Sentiment Discovery and Opinion Mining (WISDOM) 2019,
Anchorage – Alaska.
[6] Aboobaker, J., & Ilavarasan, E., (2020). A survey on sarcasm detection approaches.
Indian Journal of Computer Science and Engineering, 11(6), 751–771.
[7] Troussas, C., Krouska, A., & Virvou, M., (2019). Trends on sentiment analysis over social
networks: pre-processing ramifications, stand-alone classifiers and ensemble
21. 5
averaging in Tsihrintzis, G. A., Sotiropoulos, D. N., & Jain, L. C., eds, Machine Learning
Paradigms, 161-186. Springer, Cham.
[8] M. V. Rao and S. C., (2021). Detection of sarcasm on Amazon product reviews using
machine learning algorithms under sentiment analysis, 2021 Sixth International
Conference on Wireless Communications, Signal Processing and Networking
(WiSPNET), 196-199.
[9] Yunitasari, Y., Musdholifah, A., & Sari, A. K., (2019). Sarcasm detection for sentiment
analysis in Indonesian tweets. Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics
Systems (IJCCS), 13(1), 53.
[10] Abu-Farha, I., & Magdy, W., (2020). From Arabic sentiment analysis to sarcasm
detection: the Arsarcasm dataset, Proceedings Of the 4th Workshop on Open-Source
Arabic Corpora and Processing Tools, European L(May), 32–39.
[11] Zabha, N. I., Ayop, Z., Anawar, S., Hamid, E., & Abidin, Z. Z., (2019). Developing cross-
lingual sentiment analysis of Malay Twitter data using lexicon-based approach, Int. J.
Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl., 10(1), 346-351.
[12] Handayani, D., Bakar, N. S. A. A., Yaacob, H., & Abuzaraida, M. A., (2018, July).
Sentiment analysis for Malay language: systematic literature review, 2018 International
Conference on Information and Communication Technology for the Muslim World
(ICT4M), 305-310. IEEE.
[13] Wicana, S. G., İbisoglu, T. Y., & Yavanoglu, U., (2017, January). A review on sarcasm
detection from machine-learning perspective, 2017 IEEE 11th International
Conference on Semantic Computing (ICSC), 469-476. IEEE.
[14] Kemp, S., (2021). Digital 2021: Global Overview Report.
https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2021-global-overview-report
[15] Afiyati, A., Azhari, A., Sari, A. K., & Karim, A., (2020). Challenges of sarcasm detection
for social network: A literature review. JUITA: Jurnal Informatika, 8(2), 169-178.
[16] Eke, C. I., Norman, A. A., Shuib, L., & Nweke, H. F., (2020). Sarcasm identification in
textual data: systematic review, research challenges and open directions, Artificial
Intelligence Review, 53(6), 4215-4258.
22. 2nd International Professional Doctorate and Postgraduate Symposium 2021 (iPDOCs’21)
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 25 Sept 2021
6
EVALUATING THE AESTHETICS OF ARABIC CALLIGRAPHY IN THE KING
ABDULLAH MOSQUE IN SAUDI ARABIA
Duaa Mohammed Alashari
Postgraduate student of Islamic Civilization, Faculty of Islamic Civilization, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author E-mail:duaaalashari@gmail.com
1. INTRODUCTION
The internal design of the mosque has some mazing Arabic calligraphic compositions that
give a mosque a different style appears. King Abdullah Mosque was built by King Abdullah
International Foundation for Humanitarian Activities. The location of the King Abdullah
mosque is in the city of Riyadh. It was chosen because of its signature design and decoration
of Arabic calligraphy art. King Abdullah Mosque was opened on 17th June 2015 in the city
of Riyadh. This mosque represents an example of the contemporary architectural style of
Arabic calligraphy composition. The applications of modern Arabic calligraphy were carried
out under the supervision of the calligrapher Moktar Alam. The paper discusses the art of
Arabic calligraphy compositions applied for the internal of the King Abdullah Mosque in the
city of Riyadh, with analysis of the accompanied by photographs and analytical drawings
of various Arabic calligraphy art used in different parts of the spaces in the mosque. The
theoretical framework of this analysis is by Edmund Feldman (1993, p.100), which is the four-
step structure of criticism consisting of description, analysis, interpretation, and judgment. It is
hoped that this research would reach out to evaluate the aesthetic aspect of Arabic
calligraphy, provide an understanding of the visual arts of calligraphy, and enlighten and
appreciate the concept of beauty within the internal design of the mosque. Arabic
calligraphy is simply joined letters and became the simplest form of Naskh script. Also, they
could be angulated: as in the oldest Kufic writing, stretched, prolonged, bent, thickened,
overlapped, and complicated as in the Thuluth script [1].
2. METHODOLOGY
The theoretical framework of this analysis is Edmund Feldman (1993), which is a four-
step structure of criticism consisting of description, analysis, interpretation, and judgment. The
theoretical framework of this analysis is Edmund Feldman (1993, p.100), a four-step structure
of criticism consisting of description, analysis, interpretation, and judgment [2].
3. RESULTS
3.1. Subtitle
In Figure 1 there is an example of the Arabic calligraphy configurations presented in the king
Abdullah mosque in Saudi Arabia.
23. 7
Figure. 1. Arabic calligraphy in the king Abdullah mosque in Saudi Arabia
3.2. Subtitle
Table 1: 1 Method of Art Criticism – The Critical Process by Edmund Feldman
No. The Critical Process by
Edmund Feldman
The Critical Process
1 Description
Naming and describing
the facts
Naming what an observer
sees is part of the overall
process of description.
2 Analysis
Analyzing the facts
We are dealing with visual
evidence. It is an
advanced type of
description.
3
4
Interpretation
Interpreting the evidence
Judgment
Judging the works of art
The crucial third stage of
art criticism is when our
search for meaning
reaches a climax.
The final stage of
evaluation of criticism is
the evaluation of whole
works of art. This sort of
judging may seem
presumptuous, or perhaps
it isn't brilliant.
24. 8
Description: Ayat al-Kursi and Surat Al-Fatihah are written in full in the clear thuluth script
Written by calligrapher Mukhtar Alam. The achievement year 2015. It has been designed to
stand out from the wall and in a white colour close to the background colour. "Allah! There
is no god but He - the Living, The Self-subsisting, Eternal. No slumber can seize Him nor sleep.
His are all things in the heavens and on earth. Who is there can intercede In His presence
except As he permitteth? He knoweth What (appeareth to His creatures As) Before or After
or Behind them. Nor shall they encompass Aught of his knowledge Except as He willeth. His
throne doth extend Over the heavens And on earth, and He feeleth No fatigue in guarding
And preserving them, For He is the Most High. The Supreme (in glory)." Surah al-Baqarah 2:
255. Another surah is Surat Al-Fatihah "In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful,
Praise be to Allah, the Cherisher and Sustainer of the worlds; Most Gracious, Most Merciful;
Master of the Day of Judgment. he does we worship, and Thine aid we seek. Show us the
straight way, The way of those on whom Thou hast bestowed Thy Grace, those whose
(portion) is not wrath, and who go not astray". Surah Al-Fatihah (1-7)[3].
Analysis: The layout of the Arabic calligraphy style for the King Abdullah mosque is clearly
seen in the images captured. The design of the calligraphy reveals that there is consistency
with each word. It is one of the corporate aesthetic relations of calligraphic art. the
configuration of the Arabic calligraphy is constituent units (letters and words) that follow the
text's meanings. The style of the handwriting is Thuluth style. The Thuluth style has achieved
the functional aspects connected with the aesthetic side. Unity is the most crucial theory that
played a role in the concept of Arabic calligraphy artwork. Unity can be seen in the colour,
shapes, composition, and style of writing. Calligraphy configuration creates complete
activity towards completion, that is, towards the formal closure of the structural. Moreover,
the concept of unity makes sense of aesthetics, state of balance and rhythm.
Consequently, this unity among calligraphic verses can be clearly detected in the King
Abdullah mosque. Also, there is strong integration between Arabic calligraphic patterns and
the surrounding elements. Also, one of the essential aspects of calligraphy is distribution. The
Thuluth script compositions are stretched, prolonged, bent, thickened, overlapped, and
complicated. The distribution of the Arabic calligraphy composition and the placement of
characters is essential to the integration of calligraphic configuration and the consistency of
elements [4].
Interpretation: The Arabic calligraphy art presented on the mosque wall has consistently
converged within a meaningful relationship to produce an integral unit. There are directional,
scale, formal and spatial relations between the five compositions. Each one may vary
according to its suitability within the context of the text or meaning. The consistency trends
in the structure of the Arabic calligraphy art change and depend on the artistic design as
dictated by vertical, horizontal, diagonal, and contrasting patterns to add an aesthetic
relationship. The art of calligraphy composition has to isolate the forms from the backgrounds.
Also, in king Abdullah mosque, the calligraphic designs are likely integrated with their
environments either in colours, textures and style. The beauty of Arabic calligraphy
configurations presented in the mosque internal elaborate is a broad scope to be covered,
including the appreciation of symmetry and balance.
Judgment: The Arabic calligraphy pieces of art presented on the internal of the Mosque of
King Abdallah are considered symbols of Islamic art. This calligraphy composition plays an
25. 9
essential role in reflecting the superiority of Allah the Almighty. The Arabic calligraphy
composition reached the highest quality of aesthetic value. Aesthetic value in Arabic
calligraphy is portrayed by the highest degree of master of handwriting and the design of
the arrangements. The method of Arabic calligraphy presenting at the internal of the
mosque is considered a contemporary design. These calligraphy pieces focused on the
majestic looks of the exterior part of the Mosques. The aesthetics and beauty of the Arabic
calligraphy presented in the mosque's interior fulfil the psychological needs of human beings.
Mahmood [5], in his scholarly research, found out that Islamic calligraphy is not some art
piece that has to be looked at, read, and passed. They need to be comprehended and
because the most popular wordings taken by Muslims across the centuries for the Arabic
calligraphy on mosques walls are the ones taken from the Al-Quran.
4. CONCLUSIONS
The Arabic calligraphy configurations present in the internal of the mosque are filled
with aesthetic value on one hand. On the other hand, it is a message conveying the precise
meanings of Al-Quran. Moreover, the art of Arabic Calligraphy composition in King Abdallah
mosque is very connected to the community in the Islamic world. Also, the Arabic calligraphy
art displayed on the mosque wall presents a prosperous contemporary image of Islamic
civilization from its beginning to its heyday. Arabic calligraphy art has been a vital element
in the king Abdallah mosque, and this art is emphasized in the modern world. The evaluation
of the calligraphy that presenting in the mosque has used the Feldman method for art critics.
Khat Thuluth was the only kind of calligraphy that been used to create the whole composition
of art.
REFERENCES
[1] R. Othman, Z.J.Zainal-Abidin, (2011). The Importance of Islamic Art in Mosque Interior.
The 2nd International Building Control Conference, Procedia Engineering 20 (2011)
105 – 109
[2] Feldman, E.B. (1994). Practical art criticism. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
[3] Al-Quran
[4] Ahmad Saleh A. Almontasheri, (2017). The Transformation of Calligraphy from
Spirituality to Materialism in Contemporary Saudi Arabian Mosques. A dissertation for
the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Art and Design, Birmingham City University.
[5] Mahmood, Shaukat PhD. (1981) Islamic Architecture in Pakistan to 1707. The University
of Edinburgh.
26. 2nd International Professional Doctorate and Postgraduate Symposium 2021 (iPDOCs’21)
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 25 Sept 2021
10
BENEFITS OF THE APPLICATION OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Adetunji Kamoli1*, Razali Adul Hamid2, Syamsul Hendra Bin Mahmud3
1,2,3Quantity Surveying Department, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
*Corresponding author E-mail: qsakinadetunji@gmail.com, qsakinadetunjik@gmail.com
ABSTRACT - Construction industry attention has been shifted in the management of health and
safety from regulation to occupational health and safety management systems. This is due to the
inability to attained zero accidents through regulation alone. Improving OHS is indeed considered
significant due to its contribution to the national economy and organization performance helps to
encourage employers to finance in OHS. The study was conducted to seek Nigerian construction
industry practitioners' perceptions on the benefits of the application of OHSMS. A literature review of
OHSMS was conducted, followed by a field survey with structured questionnaires to solicit information
about the benefits of the application of OHSMS, the questionnaires were returned and analysed with
SPSS statistical tool. The study concluded that the prevention of occupational accidents and better
workplace were among the top benefits of the application of OHSMS from the analysis of the result.
The study suggests the adoption of OHSMS and incorporates it into health and safety mandatory law.
This will strengthen occupational health and safety and also increase the performance of the Nigerian
construction industry.
Keywords: Health; Safety; Accident; Management System; Occupation.
1. INTRODUCTION
The construction industry represents the economic performance of any nation. It generates
employment and provides infrastructural development [1]. Notwithstanding, the
construction sites activities associated with varieties of hazards due to the dynamic and
complex nature of the industry in terms of work administrations [2], whereby an individual
employee is exposed to his or her hazards and also exposed to the hazards produced by the
co-employees. This makes the industry not have a good image in many nations [3]. Unsafe
working conditions and occupational accidents in the construction industry not only have a
bad consequence on human wellbeing. it also reduces the productivity of the organization,
results in construction material wastage, and increases the cost of construction projects.
According to [4], an estimated figure of 108,000 employees killed yearly in construction sites,
accounts for 30% of entire fatal injuries. The economic loss from occupational diseases and
accidents is estimated to be 3.94 % of the annual global GDP [5]. [6]revealed that low
significance was given to OHS by the managers and clients. Most establishments tend to
underestimate the significance of risk in the workplace. Referring to risk as a normal feature
of the work activity, and do not attribute much significance to the prevention of
occupational accident. Similarly, many organizations do not have a systematic method for
dealing with health and safety issues. Health and safety must be treated like any other major
management function in establishments. [7] highlighted that accident rates in developing
nations are high and it is projected that the figures will increase in direct proportion to the
rate of industrialization. Occupational health and safety are associated with workers' well-
being, therefore, there is a need for the organizations and nations to strengthen their OHS to
better respond to the needs of health, safety, and workability of their working populations
[8]. Even with scarce financial resources, health and safety must be of utmost priority. [9]
27. 11
advocates the need of providing appropriate measures of protection of construction
employees, including particular groups of employees, like women and people with
disabilities. [10] highlights the need to develop the concept of protection in the construction
industry, given the impact of the sector on the milieu and people.
Health and safety problems have been managed in the past through legislation. The main
objective of any H&S rule is the prevention of occupational accidents with their
consequences in terms of fatality and disablement of workers in the workplace. But there is
clear evidence that zero accidents cannot be achieved through legislation alone with
changes and the formation of new hazards [11]. Even though H&S regulations are subjected
to review over the years in some nations, the poor health and safety performance record of
the construction industry is still pronounced around the world. The achievement of this
objective relies on good legislation sustained by sensible, effective, and accountable
enforcement. The challenges of the developing nations concerning health and safety
regulation are that regulatory bodies of government are performing below expectations,
and they are weak in the enforcement and application of health and safety rules [12]. This
results in the inability to effect measures to prevent occupational accidents in the
construction industry. Establishments have realized that over time, compliance with
governmental regulations does not automatically offer the protections thought or desired or
helping total OHS performance [13]. The current social, technological, and economic
changes impose a duty on the nations, making them in search of a new managerial method
to support them in the improvement of work practices and elimination of hazards. There are
has been a redirection to solve health and safety problems from regulation to OHSMS.
Introduction of beyond compliance and performance measurement practices as
incorporated in the new OHSMS approaches. Among the known OHSMS are BSI 18001, ILO
2001, and the recent ISO 45001 of 2018to mention view. [14] maintain that different
international and national safety standards guide to support organizations to develop their
OHSMS concerning varied industry needs and requirements. Therefore, OHSMS has been
referred to as a solution to accident prevention, a complete instrument that takes into
consideration many of the features of OHS. Given the increased recognition of OHSMS, this
study was conducted to seek Nigerian construction industry practitioners' perceptions on the
benefits of the application of OHSMS.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study examines the benefits of the application of OHSMS in the Nigerian construction
industry. Comprehensive information on OHSMS was acquired through literature. This forms
the foundation of information for the questionnaire compilation. Thereafter, 443 structured
questionnaires were distributed to solicit information from the Nigerian construction
professionals used for the study. The first segment of the questionnaire was about their
general information, while the other part focused on the benefits of the application of
OHSMS in the Nigerian construction industry. The respondents' selections of answers were
arranged in a five-point Likert scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree. The collected
data were analysed through SPSS software and Microsoft Excel. The data reliability was
conducted with Cronbach alpha. This is to test the internal consistency of the instrument. The
value of Cronbach's alpha range from 0 to 1. The Cronbach alpha of the instrument was
0.888. The result is within the acceptable value. The data were afterward analysed through
descriptive statistics.
28. 12
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The result of the study indicates prevention of accidents and better workplace was rank top
among the benefits of OHSMS as shown in Table 1 below.
Table 1 Benefits of the Application of OHSMS
Benefits Mean
Total
Mean
Rank
Prevention of Accidents and better workplace
Ensure harm reduction caused to the employees
and public
4.73
23.80 1
Enhance safe and healthy working environments 4.79
Prevention and control of work environment
hazards
4.76
Easy application of the hierarchy of control of
hazards
4.75
Ensure appropriate measure to safeguard
employees
4.77
Reduction in cost of construction
Less material wastage and less equipment failure 4.59
23.28 5
Reduction in insurance premiums 4.63
Less medical cost 4.70
Reduction in cost of fine and prosecution 4.65
Reduction in cost of accidents investigation 4.71
Increase health and safety perception
Better health and safety culture 4.71
23.72 2
Support for OSH information, communication, and
training
4.76
Assist in responding to any health and safety
concerns
4.74
Ensure necessary precautions while doing a job 4.75
A clear understanding of health and safety
hazards in the workplace
4.76
Improvement in performance of construction
improve worker’s motivation 4.64
23.05 6
increasing productivity 4.61
Minimize production interruption 4.63
Provide a clear procedure to reduce
absenteeism
4.55
For a better understanding of poor performance 4.62
Competitiveness advantage
Better control of health and safety hazards,
improvement in accident investigation, analysis,
and reporting
4.66
23.38 4
Better control of health and safety hazards,
improvement in accident investigation, analysis,
and reporting
4.68
Better company’s image and reputation 4.69
Improvement in organizational competitiveness
advantage
4.65
Greater involvement and commitment from the
management team and employees
4.70
Investment benefit
29. 13
Success in previous health and safety
performance in the project can be used as one of
the essential assessment standards in the early
tender stage of the contract
4.65
23.47 3
Implementation of an SMS ensure an organization
meets or exceeds its occupational goals in terms
of financial results
4.73
Improvement in investment opportunities for the
organization because investors can be willing to
partner in any project due to fewer accidents
4.69
Provide opportunities to be listed in the Nigerian
Stock Exchange (e.g. Multinational construction
company)
4.70
Financiers will be more willing to fund
organizational projects that demonstrate well-
coordinated health and safety
4.70
The healthy and ssafety of the workplace is a moral obligation levied by contemporary
society. This obligation comprises concern for the loss of life, pain, cost of living, and family
suffering. OHSMS offers an organization the opportunity to reduce accidents, minimize
damage to equipment, prevention of lost time and production loss as shown in the result of
the survey. OHSMS offers healthy and safe working conditions and makes employees feel
better in the organization. It also creates a better organizational image among workers and
improves the relationship between employees and management. Competitive advantage
can be attained by the organizations through OHSMS. The direct and indirect cost of not
implementing a prevention strategy is overwhelming for an organization. It is difficult for an
organization to bear such monetary costs, making OHSMS an important requirement for an
organization. Similarly, OHSMS offers standards, policies, directions, and procedures for all
organizations and workers. It also enforcing the organization to define its vision for safety and
health. It likewise offers a plan that displays how the organizations’ health and safety
initiatives function together. Hence, it is a crucial tool for communicating standards set by
the organization concerning health and safety.
4. CONCLUSION
To develop OHSMS tailored to organization requirements, it is essential to agree among all
stakeholders upon the threshold condition of the organization, set mutual objectives,
intervention strategies, plan procedures, decides on how and when to assess the results of
OHSMS. Full commitment from management and the participation of employees are
essential prerequisites to achieve optimization of OHSMS. There is also a need for the
adoption and application of international instruments with necessary adjustments to suit the
Nigerian construction industry working environment and national laws, policies, strategies,
and programs. In line with international trends, the Nigerian construction industry is required
to restructure the duty for construction health and safety away from regulation solely to
OHSMS. Developed nations have competently recognized priorities for the development
and application of OHSMS. Therefore, focus on the need for the prerequisites for the practical
development and application of OHSMS by the developing nations is important to reduce
occupational accidents, the cost of construction and improve the efficiency of the
construction industry.
30. 14
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The first author acknowledged Universiti Teknologi Malaysia for the IDF given in the course of
study.
REFERENCES
[1] Barrett B. 1994. Trends in occupational health and safety. Ind Law J. 23:60–4.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ilj/23.1.60.
[2] Li Z, Lv X, Zhu H, Sheng Z. 2018. Analysis of complexity of unsafe behavior in construction
teams and a multiagent simulation. Complexity. 2018:1–15.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6568719.
[3] Morrell P. 2015..Collaboration for Change.
[4] ILO. 2015. Construction: a hazardous work. ILO. 1–2.
[5] ILO. 2017. Snapshots on occupational Safety and Health (OSH).
[6] Çalişkan BÖÖ. 2014. Occupational health and safety in SMEs: Overview as a part of
management system. Eff Hum Resour Manag Small Mediu Enterp Glob Perspect. 167–
82. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4731-2.ch009.
[7] Kheni NA, Dainty ARJ, Gibb A. 2008. Health and safety management in developing
countries: A study of construction SMEs in Ghana. Constr Manag Econ. 26:1159–69.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190802459916.
[8] Rantanen J, Lehtinen S, Valenti A, Iavicoli S. 2017. Occupational health services for all
A global survey on OHS in selected countries of ICOH members.
[9] World Bank. 2017. Environmental and Social Framework.
[10] Ofori G. 2019. Construction in Developing Countries : Need for New Concepts. J Constr
Dev Ctries. 23:1–6.
[11] Yu SCK, Hunt B. 2002. Safety management systems in Hong Kong: is there anything
wrong with the implementation? Manag Audit J. 17:588–92.
https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900210447597.
[12] Umeokafor N, Umeadi B, Jones K, Igwegbe O. 2014. Compliance with Occupational
Safety and Health Regulations in Nigeria’s Public Regulatory Entity: A Call for Attention.
Int J Sci Res Publ. 4:2250–3153.
[13] Fuller TP. 2019. Global Occupational Safety and Health Management Handbook.
Taylor & Francis Group, LLC;
[14] Ahonen G, Baranski B, Froneberg B, Harrison C, Harrison J, Husman K, et al. 2002. Good
Practice in Occupational Health Services : A Contribution to Workplace Health.
31. 2nd International Professional Doctorate and Postgraduate Symposium 2021 (iPDOCs’21)
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 25 Sept 2021
15
DATA GOVERNANCE MODEL FOR THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
MALAYSIA USING ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE APPROACH
Kholijah binti Norbib1*, Nur Azaliah binti Abu Bakar2
1,2Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
*kholijah@graduate.utm.my,
ABSTRACT - The Ministry of Education, Malaysia, has implemented several measures to boost
confidence in the educational data and help with decision-making. However, data also pose
significant threats. All of these are security risks. Insecure data processing, storage, and transfer
reduces the value and use of data and endangers vital infrastructure and services. The data
governance model should anticipate risk while making full use of diverse data. Data governance is a
procedure that establishes data management roles and duties, as well as methods for data gathering
and standardization, consistency, and proper educational data, use across organizations. Thus, this
paper aim to proposed a data governance model for the Ministry of Education, Malaysia. There are
two types of models: Data Governance Model and Data Governance Metamodel. ArchiMate uses
a stencil to draw the metamodel.
Keywords: data governance; data management; enterprise architecture; education
1. INTRODUCTION
Various organizations, particularly the government sector, publish and make official public
data to enable the community and varying society organizations by having appropriate
datasets to strengthen how they do things or perform daily transactions. Organizations,
particularly those in the public sector that routinely store large amounts of data, are eager
to pursue new opportunities and develop new services but are frequently constrained by
data-related issues [1]. While cases of quality, availability, and accuracy appear to be
distinguishable limitations, resolving them provides only temporary solutions. It is necessary to
improve the fundamentals of data management, but this is not a job for the IT department
alone. Instead, the organization as a whole requires focus, and data governance has
emerged as a promising approach in this regard. According to Bruck [2], data are nothing
more than a collection of characters that have no meaning unless viewed in their context
of use.
The explosion of digital and disruptive technologies has introduced new dimensions to
implementing technologies. Therefore, governing this approach is the idea that businesses
and ICT teams should co-operate differently. The business will use best-of-fit technology to
architect the enablement. Adopting Enterprise Architecture will be a significant factor in
delivering the new age of digital services [3]. For the data handling in the Ministry of
Education Malaysia, the combination of data governance and Enterprise Architecture will
produce a data-driven architecture that accelerates time to value and demonstrates
accurate results to stakeholders. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a DGM for
the Ministry to resolve data format, data standard, data privacy, and data limitation or
segmentation of governance, as highlighted above. The DGM will also help the Ministry
enhance education data exchange among stakeholders efficiently.
32. 16
2. RELATED WORKS
Many organizations already have some form of governance for specific applications,
business units, or functions, even if the processes and responsibilities are informal. It is about
instituting systematic, formal control over these processes and responsibilities as a practice.
This can assist organizations in remaining responsive, particularly as they grow to a size where
cross-functional tasks are no longer feasible for individuals to perform. Various data
management benefits can be realized only after establishing systematic data governance
[4]. There are various data governance models available, but they all adhere to the same
fundamental principles. Each model specifies specific controls [5], [6] that organizations must
implement and human roles [7] that must be filled to ensure the data governance
equipment runs smoothly. The researcher chose four frameworks developed by bodies or
institutions that manage data management on a worldwide platform for this study.
DAMA DMBOK developed a data governance framework separated from the overall data
management process, such as data policies, guidelines, and strategies structured as
separate governance areas [8]. DGI [9], IBM [10], and PwC [11] view data governance as a
concept that is more extensive than existing practices, which include data policies,
guidelines, and strategies. While good data governance is not a new concept, the Ministry
struggles to practice as costly, cumbersome, and time-consuming. Moreover, the lack of
governance exposes the Ministry to cyber risks, especially with high volumes of sensitive data
stored. Therefore, to serve the nation with a relevant data governance model in today’s
digital era, the Ministry needs to harness data efficiency. To do so, the Ministry must allocate
the right ownership of data, define data collected and stored, assign the exemplary
stewardship and custodians to roles, and provide an effective data governance program
for the next-generation platforms.
Enterprise Architecture (EA) is the arranging concept for business processes and information
technology infrastructure [12], illustrating the integration [13] and standardization
requirements of the firm’s operating model [14]. Additionally, this architecture is a
conceptual blueprint that establishes an organization’s structure and operations [15]. An
Enterprise Architecture seeks to ascertain the most effective means by which an organization
can accomplish its current and future goals. Aligning these two practices will give the
organization a data-driven architecture, reducing time to value and show actual outcomes
to the stakeholders.
3. PROPOSED MODEL DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
In proposing the Data Governance Model for The Ministry of Education Malaysia, the
researcher explores significant models by comparing and analyzing existing models and
frameworks to uncover trends and patterns. This review will provide insight and direction for
developing the Data Governance Model for the Ministry of Education Malaysia. Two
essential parts are required in constructing the model are the domain area and the
component. This research compares seven models used for the data governance model or
framework in the education sector focused on the search findings. All the related models
and frameworks are determined by an extensive review and analysis of the relevant
literature.
The Data Governance Model for the Ministry of Education Malaysia is based on seven
previous models tailored to the educational sector’s requirements and culture. Based on the
33. 17
literature review results, the researcher identified the different domain areas of data
governance based on the DAMA guideline. As a result, seven data governance domain
areas were characterized as relevant for the data governance model based on the analysis
of the components. These are composed of goals and principles, roles and responsibilities,
organization and culture, techniques, activities, tools, and deliverables. These domain areas
were extracted from previously published models combined with the data governance
principle produced by the Data Management Body of Knowledge, The Open Group
Architecture Framework (TOGAF), and ArchiMate as a drawing tool. The gathered domain
areas and components of data governance are listed in Table 1.
Table 1: Initial Findings of Key Elements
No. Domain Area Components
1 Goals and
principles
Accessibility, accuracy, availability, data privacy, mission, vision and goal,
and timeless
2 Roles and
responsibilities
Data owner, data stakeholder, data steward, roles and responsibilities,
steering committee, technology steward
3 Organization and
culture
Data governance sponsor, data organization, disclosure scope, external
retention requirements, organizational structure, skill and knowledge, and
strategy
4 Techniques Control mechanism, data compliance, data control, data lifecycle, data
rules, data security, methodology, success measure
5 Activities Activities, application, assessment, data analysis, data collection, data
monitoring, data protection, operability, and process
6 Tools Metadata, metrics, system architecture, and tools and platforms
7 Deliverables Data confidentiality, data definition, data dictionary, data integrity, data
quality, data standards, data structure, data visualization, deliverables,
and standard, guideline and policy.
The proposed data governance model is designed to guide the Ministry in handling
educational data. Figure 1 illustrates the proposed Data Governance Model for the Ministry
of Education Malaysia.
Figure 1: The Proposed Data Governance Model for the Ministry of Education Malaysia
The metamodel is a model language for modelling. The model explains how to construct
architecture and how to utilize structured components. Architecture sketches are called
Enterprise Architecture templates or are known as Viewpoints. This metamodel uses the
notation standards of ArchiMate 3.0. This metamodel is designed to help data governance
by providing a holistic view of data architecture and integrating data more accessible (no
more scattered or silo applications). The architecture is divided into two parts: the Motivation
Viewpoint and the Data Architecture flow. Motivation Viewpoint illustrates the business goal
34. 18
and the issues faced in attain the aspirations of the stakeholders of the Ministry toward the
implementation of data governance. The key elements such as the Driver, Assessment, Goal,
and Outcome have been identified to delegate the current issues or challenges
encountered in reach the Ministry’s goals and aspirations for data governance
implementation. Figure2 shows the metamodel designed to represent the proposed data
governance model earlier.
Data Producer
Application Capabilities
Collection Preparation Analytics Visualization Access
Application Provider
Data Consumption
Data Consumer
Data Custodian
Data Structure Viewpoint
Business object
Data Object
Artifact
Tools and Infrasturcture Viewpoint
Motivation Viewpoint
Stakeholder Driver Assessment Goal Outcome Principle
Application component
Node
Technology service
Technology
collaboration
System software
Artifact
Figure 2: The Proposed Data Governance Metamodel for the Ministry of Education Malaysia
The Data Architecture Flow comprises three viewpoints’ groups: Application Capabilities,
Data Structure, and Tool and Infrastructure. Application Capabilities Viewpoint is a sketch
that displays the Ministry’s application capabilities by connecting current applications and
the business capabilities. Data Structure Viewpoint describes data generated or required in
the Ministry service. Tool and Infrastructure Viewpoint details the capabilities of software and
hardware needed to support business, data, and applications. This Architecture provides the
required elements for development sustainability for the business, data, and application
domains. The purpose of the Tool and Infrastructure viewpoint building sketch is to facilitate
monitoring and regulatory work on system application performance, secure data usage,
and ICT facilities’ availability level at the Ministry.
4. CONCLUSION
Data governance is a set of processes that ensures that important data assets are formally
managed throughout the enterprise. It ensures that trusted information is used for critical
business processes and decision-making. One of the essential factors in data governance is
alignment with all teams and individuals in charge of collecting, governing, and consuming
the data. Ensure that everyone is on board and clear goals, clearly defined processes, and
explicit permission levels to make everything run smoothly. The key to data governance is
effective collaboration. The right data governance tool should go hand-in-hand with these
principles.
The Ministry’s culture must value the educational data and data management operations
to optimize data value as the Ministry asset. Suppose the Ministry does not accept and
manage change. In that case, even the most substantial data strategy, governance, and
management strategies will fail. For the recommendation, the roadmaps for data
35. 19
governance and data governance program that are not covered in this research can be
used as the basis for further study.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial,
or not-for-profit sectors.
REFERENCES
[1] Okuyucu, A., & Yavuz, N. (2020). Big data maturity models for the public sector: a
review of state and organizational level models. Transforming Government: People,
Process and Policy.
[2] Bruck, Christian. (2017). Challenges and Opportunities of Data Governance in Private
and Public Organizations.
[3] Gong, Y., Yang, J., & Shi, X. (2020). Towards a comprehensive understanding of digital
transformation in government: Analysis of flexibility and enterprise architecture.
Government Information Quarterly, 37(3), 101487.
[4] Alhassan, I., Sammon, D., & Daly, M. (2019). Critical success factors for data
governance: a theory-building approach. Information Systems Management, 36(2),
98-110.
[5] Munoz-Arcentales, A., López-Pernas, S., Pozo, A., Alonso, Á., Salvachúa, J., & Huecas,
G. (2020). Data Usage and Access Control in Industrial Data Spaces: Implementation
Using FIWARE. Sustainability, 12(9), 3885.
[6] Abraham, R., Schneider, J., & Vom Brocke, J. (2019). Data governance: A conceptual
framework, structured review, and research agenda. International Journal of
Information Management, 49, 424-438.
[7] Thuraisingham, B. (2019, July). Cyber Security and Data Governance Roles and
Responsibilities at the C-Level and the Board. In 2019 IEEE International Conference on
Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI) (pp. 231-236). IEEE.
[8] DAMA International Technics. (2017). Technics Publications DAMA-DMBOK: Data
Management Body of Knowledge: 2nd Edition.
[9] Gupta, Uma, San Cannon, Uma Gupta, and San Cannon. (2020). Data Governance
Frameworks. A Practitioner’s Guide to Data Governance: 101–22.
[10] IBM. (2016). Governed Data Lake for Business Insights. : 11.
[11] Deshpande, Mukesh, and Amit Lundia. (2019). Demystifying Data Governance
Policies.
[12] Yulfitri, A. (2016, October). Modelling operational model of data governance in
government: Case study: Government agency X in Jakarta. In 2016 International
Conference on Information Technology Systems and Innovation (ICITSI) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
[13] Vernadat, F. (2020). Enterprise modelling: Research review and outlook. Computers in
Industry, 122, 103265.
[14] Steenkamp, A. L., Alawdah, A., Almasri, O., Gai, K., Khattab, N., Swaby, C., & Abaas,
R. (2013). Enterprise architecture specification case study. Journal of Information
Systems Education, 24(2), 105-120.
[15] Amalia, E., & Supriadi, H. (2017, June). Development of enterprise architecture in
university using TOGAF as a framework. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 1855, No.
1, p. 060004). AIP Publishing LLC.
36. 2nd International Professional Doctorate and Postgraduate Symposium 2021 (iPDOCs’21)
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 25 Sept 2021
20
THE EFFECT OF SUPPLY CHAIN RISK MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON
RESILIENCE AND PERFORMANCE: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Liu Min1, Thoo Ai Chin2,
1, 2 Azman Hashim International Business School, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 SKUDAI,
MALAYSIA.
(E-mail: *liuminjingdezhen@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT - In the current era of increased globalization, businesses have become extremely
dependent on the supply chains that are spread across the globe and are more interconnected than
ever before. The supply chains need to be developed with integrated risk management practices
due to the current global epidemic. There are numerous literatures regarding Supply Chain Risk
Management (SCRM) Practices but lack of a systematic review on the practices and their impact on
resilience and performance. The aim of this paper is to identify various strategies and practices of
SCRM for the improvement of overall supply chain resilience and the performance of an organization.
A systematic literature review was performed on peer-reviewed journal articles published since 2010.
Many reliable databases including Scopus, Web of science, ABI/Inform, Emerald, Sage journals and
Taylor and Francis were used for the literature review. The results found that most studies have
indicated a positive relationship between SCRM practices and supply chain resilience as well as SCRM
practices and organizational performance. The practices of SCRM are commonly divided into 4
approaches: identification, assessment, mitigation, and monitoring. Finally, the findings could serve
as literature guidelines for future researchers to conduct empirical studies pertaining to SCRM,
resilience and firm performance.
Keywords: Supply Chain Risk Management, Risk Identification, Risk Assessment, Risk Mitigation, Risk
Monitoring, Supply Chain Resilience, Organizational Performance
1. INTRODUCTION
In the modern era, supply chains have become interdependent due to their connectedness.
Across the globe, firms are becoming increasingly dependent on a complex network of
supply chains to deliver the right products to customers at the right time. Where on one hand
this interconnectivity has allowed firms to maximize economic gains and be globally
competitive, on the other, it has created many potential risks in the web of supply chains.
Furthermore, globalization has also led to a dramatic increase in potential risks in the supply
chain management due to current outburst of Covid-19 epidemic and its consequences on
supply chains. Clearly, this is the risks in the supply chain networks globally. The Chinese
manufacturing industry has fallen prey to these vulnerabilities as well and is in a huge
challenging situation currently. Hence, it is important for the research community to
investigate various kinds of SCRM practices reported in past literature and their impacts on
resilience and organizational performance. For this purpose, a systematic literature review is
conducted to review literature studies related to SCRM, resilience and organizational
performance.
37. 21
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
In businesses, integration of local and global supply chains and other factors can be the
contributors for increased risks in the supply chain [1]. Supply chains need to avoid and
manage the risks which are inherent in supply chain management, therefore, multiple efforts
are put forth to understand the concepts underlying around SCRM practices. Overall, past
research entails that the SCRM practices are a coordinated effort of a firm for identification,
detection, monitoring, and mitigation of risks in supply chain. Two kinds of risks are identified
in past literature that can disrupt supply chains; operational risks and external interference
events [2]. SCRM practices can be cause-oriented (preventing probability and cause of risks)
or effect-oriented (minimization of risk damage) [3]. Managers at major global firm tend to
integrate strategies of reducing intensity and damage of risks i.e., effect oriented SCRM using
the 4 processes of SCRM i.e., identification, assessment, mitigation, and monitoring.
3. RESEARCH METHOD
Systematic literature review (SLR) was used in this study. Systematic review is different from
other kinds of research reviews as it follows a comprehensive and unbiased methodology.
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) technique
was used for conducting the SLR. It requires a great deal of time and commitment but
provides high quality and efficient results. The process of conducting an SLR using PRISMA is
shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Overall process in a PRISMA based SLR
Source: Moher et al. (2009, pg. 4)
The data collection approach for this review is based upon the usage of keywords for the
search of relevant literature in the selected databases. This process provides an advantage
of identifying the themes in the literature, contribution of the past research as well as gaps
present in the literature [4]. The researcher only extracted articles that were published in
38. 22
peer-reviewed journals and used six databases to conduct this research: Scopus, Web of
science, ABI/Inform, Emerald, Sage journals and Taylor and Francis. A variety of keywords
were used for generating the literature search. Some of the keywords used for conducting
the search on the databases were “Supply Chain Risk Management Processes”, “SCRM”,
“Risk Management in Supply”, “Supply Chain Risk Management and Resilience”, “SCRM and
Resilience”, “Supply Chain Risk Management and Organizational Performance”, and “SCRM
and organizational performance”. The articles were screened on the basis of the title and
abstract of the studies so that any irrelevant ones could be discarded. The inclusion criteria
were as followed: articles should be peer-reviewed, should contain relevant information,
published from 2010-2021 were taken into consideration.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Supply Chain Risk Management
In the past literature, the SCRM practices are classified as identification, assessment,
treatment or mitigation, and monitoring approaches. Each kind of approach is discussed
below.
4.1.1 Risk Identification
Risk identification is the first stage in any risk management processes and SCRM starts by
identification of possible threat to a supply chain. A case study emphasized that risk
identification is able to increase the capability and capacity of a SCRM [5]. The vulnerable
parts of a supply chain should be identified and understood to plan proper risk mitigation
strategies. Risk identification is reported by two techniques in relevant studies; brainstorming
and taxonomic risk identification. Brainstorming is discussed in several studies [6, 7] and is
implemented by working on a list of brainstormed possible risks which may be encountered
by the supply chain. Risk identification using taxonomies was proposed to identify the supply
chain risks based on delay systems, disruptions and forecasts [8].
4.1.2 Risk Assessment
Risk assessment is defined as the determination of possibility and probability of occurrence
of a risk scenario. Risk assessment is an important step for overall SCRM of organizations as it
allows to understand the risk probability. For each risk identified in the supply chain, a
separate assessment technique must be accurately formulated [9]. Several techniques like
the Delphi method, Risk/Cost/Schedule forecasting exchange, Monte Carlo Simulation, etc.
have been used by researchers for risk assessment [10, 11].
4.1.3 Risk Mitigation
The third step in SCRM practices is risk mitigation and it is defined as the development of most
appropriate and suitable procedures for the resolution of damage caused by a risk before
or after [12]. Risk mitigation is capable of reducing the occurrence and probability of risk in
the supply chain of a company if it is designed accurately and strategically. In past literature,
the effective strategies of risk mitigation are identified around accumulation of multiple
sources of supply, use of multiple transportation modes instead of relying on a single one, use
of dynamic pricing strategies, and contingency planning. Overall, it is known as redundancy
approach of risk mitigation [13].
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4.1.4 Risk Monitoring
Firms that have an effective monitoring and management strategy in place for SCRM have
an inbuild effective capability to reduce risk impacts on their supply chains. These firms are
enabled to identify and prevent risks in the supply chain well before they occur. Risk
monitoring is also significant as it tests and monitors overall SCRM strategies and their
effectiveness [14].
4.2 Impact of SCRM on Supply Chain Resilience and Organizational Performance
Past studies highlight the ability of SCRM practices to increase the resilience of supply chains
and improve the organizational performance. Supply chain resilience is the ability of supply
chains to resist, adapt, and recover from disruptions and SCRM practices can easily increase
the ability of a firm to increase organizational performance [15]. Meanwhile, the
organizations that have resilient supply chains can display effective SCRM practices [15]. Thus,
organizations with resilient supply chains ensure their path towards higher organizational
performance.
5. CONCLUSION
The aim of the current review is to explore the SCRM practices in past studies and its impact
on supply chain resilience and the organizational performance. SLR found that there are 4
main approaches used as practices process for SCRM: identification, assessment, mitigation,
and monitoring. Moreover, positive impact of SCRM is reported on supply chain resilience
and organizational performance. The findings could serve as literature guidelines for future
researchers to conduct empirical studies pertaining to SCRM, resilience and firm
performance. In addition, these findings are valuable for practitioners as the increased SCRM
integration should be aimed in company policies of supply chain management so that the
improved overall organizational performance and outputs can be obtained.
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