The Ring programming language version 1.3 book - Part 15 of 88

1. CHAPTER
TWENTYFOUR
DATE AND TIME
In this chapter we are going to learn about the date and time functions.
24.1 Clock() Function
Syntax:
Clock() ---> The number of clock ticks from program start
Example:
See "Calculate performance" + nl
t1 = clock()
for x = 1 to 1000000 next
see clock() - t1
24.2 ClocksPerSecond() Function
Return how many clocks in one second
Syntax:
clockspersecond() ---> Number of clocks in one second
Example:
# Wait 1 second
t = clock()
while clock() - t <= clockspersecond() end
24.3 Time() Function
We can get the system time using the Time() function.
Example:
See "Time : " + time()
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24.4 Date() Function
We can get the date using the Date() function.
Syntax:
Date() ---> String represent the date "dd/mm/yyyy"
Example:
See "Date : " + date() # Date : 24/05/2015
24.5 TimeList() Function
We can print the date and the time information using the TimeList() function.
Syntax:
TimeList() ---> List contains the time and date information.
The next table presents the list items
index value
1 abbreviated weekday name
2 full weekday name
3 abbreviated month name
4 full month name
5 Date & Time
6 Day of the month
7 Hour (24)
8 Hour (12)
9 Day of the year
10 Month of the year
11 Minutes after hour
12 AM or PM
13 Seconds after the hour
14 Week of the year (sun-sat)
15 day of the week
16 date
17 time
18 year of the century
19 year
20 time zone
21 percent sign
Example:
/* Output:
** Sun abbreviated weekday name
** Sunday full weekday name
** May abbreviated month name
** May full month name
** 05/24/15 09:58:38 Date & Time
** 24 Day of the month
** 09 Hour (24)
24.4. Date() Function 119

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** 09 Hour (12)
** 144 Day of the year
** 05 Month of the year
** 58 Minutes after hour
** AM AM or PM
** 38 Seconds after the hour
** 21 Week of the year (sun-sat)
** 0 day of the week
** 05/24/15 date
** 09:58:38 time
** 15 year of the century
** 2015 year
** Arab Standard Time time zone
** % percent sign
*/
See TimeList()
Example:
See "Day Name : " + TimeList()[2] # Sunday
Example:
See "Month Name : " + TimeList()[4] # May
24.6 AddDays() Function
Syntax:
AddDays(cDate,nDays) ---> Date from cDate and after nDays
Example:
cDate = date()
see cDate + nl # 24/05/2015
cDate = adddays(cDate,10)
see cDate + nl # 03/06/2015
24.7 DiffDays() Function
Syntax:
DiffDays(cDate1,cDate2) ---> number of days (Date1 - Date2)
Example:
cDate1 = date()
see cDate1 + nl # 24/05/2015
cDate2 = adddays(cDate1,10)
see cDate2 + nl # 03/06/2015
see "DiffDays = " + diffdays(cDate1,cDate2) + nl # -10
see "DiffDays = " + diffdays(cDate2,cDate1) + nl # 10
24.6. AddDays() Function 120

4. CHAPTER
TWENTYFIVE
CHECK DATA TYPE AND CONVERSION
In this chapter we are going to learn about the functions that can be used for
• Checking Data Type
• Checking Character
• Conversion
25.1 Check Data Type
The next functions can be used to check the data type
• isstring()
• isnumber()
• islist()
• type()
• isnull()
25.2 IsString() Function
Using the IsString() function we can know if the value is a string or not
Syntax:
IsString(value) ---> 1 if the value is a string or 0 if not
Example:
see isstring(5) + nl + # print 0
isstring("hello") + nl # print 1
25.3 IsNumber() Function
Using the IsNumber() function we can know if the value is a number or not
Syntax:
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IsNumber(value) ---> 1 if the value is a number or 0 if not
Example:
see isnumber(5) + nl + # print 1
isnumber("hello") + nl # print 0
25.4 IsList() Function
Using the IsList() function we can know if the value is a list or not
Syntax:
IsList(value) ---> 1 if the value is a list or 0 if not
Example:
see islist(5) + nl + # print 0
islist("hello") + nl + # print 0
islist([1,3,5]) # print 1
25.5 Type() Function
We can know the type of a value using the Type() Function.
Syntax:
Type(value) ---> The Type as String
Example:
see Type(5) + nl + # print NUMBER
Type("hello") + nl + # print STRING
Type([1,3,5]) # print LIST
25.6 IsNULL() Function
We can check the value to know if it’s null or not using the IsNULL() function
Syntax:
IsNULL(value) ---> 1 if the value is NULL or 0 if not
Example:
see isnull(5) + nl + # print 0
isnull("hello") + nl + # print 0
isnull([1,3,5]) + nl + # print 0
isnull("") + nl + # print 1
isnull("NULL") # print 1
25.4. IsList() Function 122

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25.7 Check Character
The next functions can be used to check character
• isalnum()
• isalpha()
• iscntrl()
• isdigit()
• isgraph()
• islower()
• isprint()
• ispunct()
• isspace()
• isupper()
• isxdigit()
25.8 IsAlNum() Function
We can test a character or a string using the IsAlNum() Function
Syntax:
IsAlNum(value) ---> 1 if the value is digit/letter or 0 if not
Example:
see isalnum("Hello") + nl + # print 1
isalnum("123456") + nl + # print 1
isalnum("ABCabc123") + nl + # print 1
isalnum("How are you") # print 0 because of spaces
25.9 IsAlpha() Function
We can test a character or a string using the IsAlpha() Function
Syntax:
IsAlpha(value) ---> 1 if the value is a letter or 0 if not
Example:
see isalpha("Hello") + nl + # print 1
isalpha("123456") + nl + # print 0
isalpha("ABCabc123") + nl + # print 0
isalpha("How are you") # print 0
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25.10 IsCntrl() Function
We can test a character or a string using the IsCntrl() Function
Syntax:
IsCntrl(value) ---> 1 if the value is a control character (no printing position) or 0 if not
Example:
See iscntrl("hello") + nl + # print 0
iscntrl(nl) # print 1
25.11 IsDigit() Function
We can test a character or a string using the IsDigit() Function
Syntax:
IsDigit(value) ---> 1 if the value is a digit or 0 if not
Example:
see isdigit("0123456789") + nl + # print 1
isdigit("0123a") # print 0
25.12 IsGraph() Function
We can test a character or a string using the IsGraph() Function
Syntax:
IsGraph(value) ---> 1 if the value can be printed (Except space) or 0 if not
Example:
see isgraph("abcdef") + nl + # print 1
isgraph("abc def") # print 0
25.13 IsLower() Function
We can test a character or a string using the IsLower() Function
Syntax:
IsLower(value) ---> 1 if the value is lowercase letter or 0 if not
Example:
see islower("abcDEF") + nl + # print 0
islower("ghi") # print 1
25.10. IsCntrl() Function 124

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25.14 IsPrint() Function
We can test a character or a string using the IsPrint() Function
Syntax:
IsPrint(value) ---> 1 if the value occupies a printing position or 0 if not
Example:
see isprint("Hello") + nl + # print 1
isprint("Nice to see you") + nl + # print 1
isprint(nl) # print 0
25.15 IsPunct() Function
We can test a character or a string using the IsPunct() Function
Syntax:
IsPunct(value) ---> 1 if the value is a punctuation character or 0 if not
Example:
see ispunct("hello") + nl + # print 0
ispunct(",") # print 1
25.16 IsSpace() Function
We can test a character or a string using the IsSpace() Function
Syntax:
IsSpace(value) ---> 1 if the value is a white-space or 0 if not
Example:
see isspace(" ") + nl + # print 1
isspace("test") # print 0
25.17 IsUpper() Function
We can test a character or a string using the IsUpper() Function
Syntax:
IsUpper(value) ---> 1 if the value is an uppercase alphabetic letter or 0 if not
Example:
see isupper("welcome") + nl + # print 0
isupper("WELCOME") # print 1
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25.18 IsXdigit() Function
We can test a character or a string using the IsXdigit() Function
Syntax:
IsXdigit(value) ---> 1 if the value is a hexdecimal digit character or 0 if not
Example:
see isxdigit("0123456789abcdef") + nl + # print 1
isxdigit("123z") # print 0
25.19 Conversion
The next functions can be used for conversion
• number()
• string()
• ascii()
• char()
• hex()
• dec()
• str2hex()
• hex2str()
25.20 Number() Function
We can convert strings to numbers using the Number() function or the + operator.
Syntax:
Number(string) ---> Number
0 + string ---> Number
Example:
see number("5") + 5 + nl # print 10
see 0 + "10" + 2 # print 12
25.21 String() Function
We can convert numbers to strings using the String() function or the + operator.
Syntax:
String(number) ---> String
"" + number ---> String
25.18. IsXdigit() Function 126

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Example:
see string(5) + 5 + nl # print 55
see "" + 10 + 2 # print 102
25.22 Ascii() Function
We can get the ASCII code for a letter using the Ascii() function
Syntax:
Ascii(character) ---> ASCII Code
Example:
See ascii("m") + nl + # print 109
ascii("M") # print 77
25.23 Char() Function
We can convert the ASCII code to character using the Char() function.
Syntax:
Char(ASCII Code) ---> character
Example:
See char(109) + nl + # print m
char(77) # print M
25.24 Hex() Function
We can convert decimal to hexadecimal using the Hex() function.
Syntax:
Hex(decimal) ---> hexadecimal
Example:
See hex(10) + nl + # print a
hex(200) # print c8
25.25 Dec() Function
We can convert hexadecimal to decimal using the Dec() function
Syntax:
Dec(hexadecimal) ---> decimal
25.22. Ascii() Function 127