aims of study to find occurrence bad oral habits among groups 8-9 years old to find bad oral habits and associated with malocclusion

1. ‫الرحمي‬ ‫الرمحن‬ ‫هلل‬ ‫سم‬‫ب‬
{‫ا‬‫ال‬
ِ
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ل‬ َْ‫ْل‬ِ‫ع‬ ‫ال‬ َ‫َك‬‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ب‬ ُ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫م‬‫ا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬
{ َ‫اك‬‫ن‬
ِ
‫ا‬ُ‫مي‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬‫مي‬ِ‫ك‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬
‫هلل‬ ‫صدق‬‫العظمي‬
‫سورة‬‫بقرة‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ية‬‫أ‬(٣)

2. Bad oral habits and
associated malocclusion
among 8-9 years old
Written by: Mostafa Ibraheem
Supervised by: Dr. Noor Ahmed
(B.D.S, M.Sc)

3. Introduction

4. Bad oral habits
Habit is defined as an automatic response to a
specific situation acquired normally as the result of
repetition and learning(Aznar et al, 2006).

5. Common oral habits
• Nail Biting
• Tongue Thrust
• Thumb sucking
• Mouth Breathing
• Lip habits
• Bruxism
• Other habits

6. Nail biting
nail biting is defined as the habit of biting one's nails
and is a common oral habit in children (hayder,2014).
Complications caused by nail biting
1. Malocclusion of the anterior teeth(crowding &rotation).
2. Teeth root Resorption.
3. bacterial infection and alveolar destruction.
4. about one forth of patients with temporomandibular joint pain and
dysfunction has been shown to suffer from nail biting habit(Baydas
et al, 2007; Tanaka et al, 2008).

7. Nail Biting

8. Tongue Thrust
tongue thrust as a condition in which the tongue makes contact
with teeth anterior to the molars during swallowing. The forward
movement of the tongue tip between the teeth to meet the lower lip
in deglutition and in sounds of speech (Hayder ,2014).
• General clinical features of tongue thrusting habit
• Proclination of incisors teeth
• Anterior open bite
• Short and flaccid upper lip
• Posterior cross bite

10. Digit sucking
refers to placing the thumb or fingers into the
mouth many times every day and night (hayder,2014).
The side effects of finger sucking are
• 1. Anterior open bite
• 2. Increased over jet .
• 3. Lingual inclination lower incisor and labial inclination upper incisor.
• 4. Posterior cross bite .
• 5. Compensatory tongue thrust .
• 6. Deep palate.
• 7. Speech defect .
• 8 Finger defects.

13. Mouth Breathing
Mouth breathing can be defined as habitual breathing
through mouth instead of the nose (Flutter, 2006).
Clinical features seen in mouth breathing habit
• Long narrow face,narrow nose.
• Flaccid and short lip
• Narrowed maxillary arch
• Labial flaring of maxillary incisors
• Mouth breathing gingivitis
• Anterior open bite
• Increased caries incidence in maxillary anterior teeth.

14. Types of Malocclusion
Over jet
Measurement of the horizontal relation of the incisors in centric
occlusion and measured the distance from the most prominent
surface of labial surface of upper central incisor and labial surface of
lower central incisor Increased over jet was considered as >4mm and
decreased over jet was considered as <1 mm (hayder,2014).

15. Overbite
Measurement of the vertical relation of the incisors in centric
Occlusion. The amount of vertical overlap of the upper incisor on the
lower incisor is marked with the pencil on the labial surface of the lower
incisor using the incisal edge of the upper incisor to guide the pencil
(Hayder ,2014).

16. Posterior cross bite
a buccal cusp of a mandibular tooth lied buccal to the maximum height
of a buccal cusp of an opposing maxillary tooth.
Spacing and Crowding

17. Anterior open bite
Anterior open bite can be defined as a
malocclusion without contact in the anterior
region of the dental arches

18. Aim of Study
The aim of present study is:
• To find the occurrence of bad oral habits
among group of children.
• To find malocclusion associated with bad
oral habit

19. Materials and Methods/
The Sample
The total number of sample consist of
(200) male and female students aged
(8-9) years old.
(100) had bad oral
habits
(100) had not bad oral
habits
The Children from which the
sample was drawn is the 2nd
, 3rd
and 4th class of primary school
students.

21. Materials and methods/ Equipment &
supplies used in clinical examination
1-Disposable probe.
2-Disposable mouth mirrors.
3-Cotton.
4-Ruler.
5-Disinfectant solution.
6- pencil.
7- light.

22. Questionnaire?
Each student of the sample was given a paper
containing a simple questionnaire to answer with his
or her parents. Does your son or daughter have any of
these habits now or in the past? And if in the past, at
what age the habit stopped?
:

23. Methods of oral examination
subjects were seated on ordinary
chairs. The subject’s head supported
in an upright position and the
examiner standing in front of the
chair.
Methods of oral examination
subjects were seated on ordinary
chairs. The subject’s head supported in
an upright position and the examiner
standing in front of the chair.

24. Results & Discussion

25. figure shows distribution according to
age and gender
In present study the result show occurrence of bad oral habit higher in male
than female and this result was disagree with (Onyeaso,2004). but agree with
(farsi and salama,1997) .present study show higher occurrence at age 9 years
old than 8years old .
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribution according to age and
gender
8 9
male
female

26. figure shows distribution bad oral
habit according to gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
bad oral habit
according to gender
NB TT TS MB O
male
female

27. figure shows distribution bad oral
habit according to age
8
9
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
bad oral habits
according to age
NB
TT
TS
MB
O
8
9

28. figure shows distribution bad oral
habit according to Malocclusion
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Distribution of bad
oral habit and
associated with
malocclusion
NB TT TS MB O
anterior open bite
Deep bite
spacing
Anterior crowding
P. cross bite
present study show Nail biters have crowding (Hideharu,2003).
present study show anterior open bite associated tongue thrust (saba and Dhilal,2007)
Posterior cross bite more seen in childreen with thumb sucking and tongue thrust this agree with (mehrnia et
al,1997warreny et al ,2001 )
Present study show thump sucking associated with posterior cross bite , spacing and crowding agree with (Nanda et
al,1972; Gellin , 1973; Subtelny,1980; Melsen et al ,1987; Smith ,1996 ; Al-Huwaizi and Odah,1997).
Present study show posterior cross bite is higher in mouth breathing children than other children with other habit
and anterior open bite this finding agree with (souki et al, 2009).

29. Conclusion
•With limitation to present study all types of
bad oral habit associated with different types of
malocclusion if extend to school age of children
with higher score associated with anterior
crowding for nearly all types of oral habit.

30. Leave bad
habits, Stay
Healthy and
Look After
Your Teeth