How Does Polar Retreat Affect Polar Bears

How Does Polar Retreat Affect Polar Bears
Glacier retreat will greatly affect polar and aquatic ecosystems and animals. Most arctic life revolves
around the sea and presence of sea ice. Without the presence of ice, most ecosystems will be
recreated. Polar bears are one species in great danger. Polar bears use sea ice as a birthing and
hunting ground, and also use it to travel from one place to another. As glaciers start to disappear, the
mother polar bear has less access to food; therefore, the chance of survival for her and her young is
very slim. The polar bears chance of reproduction becomes less as the glaciers retreat. As the top of
the food chain, their decline will cause negative effects for each level below them (Review Diagram
G). The only way for polar bears to survive, is by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Other animals in danger include arctic seals, seabirds, and walruses. Most arctic seal species are
dependent on sea ice for a birthing ground and place to rest. With the decrease in glaciers, these
seals will become extinct since they directly live on the ice or in the water. Southern seals that have
adapted to live on land, will more likely start to migrate north and take over areas that have
experienced serious glacier retreat. This will create greater competition between seals and ultimately
lead to changes in the food web (Arctic Climate Change). Seabirds, such as ivory gulls, will be
impacted by the absence of ice. These birds regularly nest in the mountainous areas which offer
protection for their young. Also, these birds scavenge for food between the cracks or on the surface
of the ice. In the past 20 years, ivory gulls in Canada have experienced a population decline of 90%
(Arctic Climate Change). Walruses will also lose their feeding ground once the ice begins to melt
farther. Walruses normally live on the ice edge where clams, their main source of food, is most
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Argumentative Essay On Polar Bears
Did you know that polar bears are the only bears that do not hibernate? Polar bears live In the cold,
so there is no need. However, lately the bears icy habitat has not been as cold as it should be.
Although these animals are incredible, climate change, ice thawing, and food sources declining is
starting to affect this species in a very negative way. The polar bear species is very unique when it
comes to where, and how it lives. Living mainly in places such as The United States, Canada,
Greenland, Norway, and Russia. Polar bears have elongated necks and smaller heads, black skin,
and white fur. Every part of their outside bodies are covered in fur except for their noses and
mouths. They typically over 1,000 pounds. Females are much smaller ... Show more content on
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This is because the females do not have enough food. If they do not have the right amount of protein
and energy, they really cannot reproduce. Also, the bear cubs cannot survive in a warmer climate.
Their small bodies are not able to handle the warmth when they should be living in the cold. There
is not enough breeding going on to keep this species safe and not endangered. The ideal living to
keep them reproducing is cold climate, enough food, and endless amounts of ice. Right now, polar
bears are losing everything that they need to

Research Paper On Polar Bears
Polars bears are top predators in the Arctic and are therefore exposed to high levels of pollutants
through their food. The popular belief that polar bears live in a pure frozen wilderness is a fantasy.
The food chain in the Arctic contains high levels of toxic chemicals. Bears who have high levels of
persistent organic pollutants have low levels of vitamin A, Thyroid hormones, and some antibodies.
These are important for a wide range of biological functions, such as growth, reproduction, and the
ability to fight off diseases (2016, WWF). Female polar bears with partially–developed male sexual
organs have be seen in around 1.5% of the polar bears observed in Svalbard in recent years, it is
believed this could be the result of long–range pollutants

Global Warming On Polar Bears Research Paper
Brenda Ceja
Block G: Biology
May 24, 2015
The Effects of Global Warming on Polar Bears
Introduction
Global warming is the recent and ongoing rise of temperature on a global scale. Over the past
century, the Earth's average temperature has risen 1.4°F (Carlowicz, 2010). Global warming is the
effect of an excessive amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gasses trap heat
from escaping back into space to keep the Earth from freezing, this is called the Greenhouse Effect.
An excessive amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap too much heat, thus, causing
Earth's temperature to rise. The Earth's rise in temperature is melting ice in its colder regions. Many
animals who live in the Arctic Circle, the lands surrounding ... Show more content on
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The melting sea ice is also affecting the polar bear's main prey, seals, forcing the bears to turn to
alternate, less nutritious food sources. Once sea ice forms in the winter, seals use the ice to create
dens to give birth to their pups. In these months, polar bears use sea ice as their hunting grounds to
find seal dens. Now that Seasonal Ice is forming later and melting earlier (IPCC, 2013), seals have
less time to build dens and give birth. Consequently, polar bears have less time to hunt their
preferred prey of seal pups. They must spend more time on land hunting other animals of less
nutritional value. Organizations like Sea World Parks have reported male polar bears occasionally
eating newly–born polar bear cubs because they cannot find other food to eat. Lack of nutritional
food leads to a reduced body size. Polar bears are becoming thinner and weaker from not eating
enough (Rode, Amstrup, & Regehr 2010). They have to swim longer distances to find ice to hunt
upon, causing many cubs to die because they are not yet strong enough. In the Hudson Bay, the
average polar bear weight has decreased by 15% and the population has decreased by 20% (National
Wildlife Federation). In the summer when there is no ice, polar bears in the Hudson Bay go onto
land to fast until the ice reforms. Now that ice is

Polar Bear Arguments
The Ursus Maritimus, otherwise known as the polar bear, has walked this planet with their massive
webbed paws for hundreds of years. They have sustained many different difficulties in life but the
most recent issue, global warming, is one that these animals just might not overcome on their own.
The polar bear's population is rapidly dwindling and scientists discuss why exactly we should save
these giant white sea bears. There are two different sides to this argument. One side is referred to as
the Naturalists. These people believe we need to let nature take its course. They believe we should
not interfere, and instead let the animals and the ecosystem work on its own. On the other hand, the
Anti–Naturalists believe we must step in and help preserve the polar bear population. They believe
that we cannot let the Ursus Maritimus die out for a various array of reasons.
The first reason for saving the polar bears given by the Anti–Naturalists is the effect on the food
chain. In the artic, the polar bear is one of the few creatures at the very top, it is a keystone species.
Polar bear's diets consist mainly of one specific marine mammal, the seal. Without the polar bear the
entire population of the seal would rise significantly. With no predators to lower the population there
would be a skyrocket amount of growth and a very small amount of death. This means that the diet
of the seal, which mainly consists of small fish and plankton, would also be affected negatively. A
large

A Story Of Microevolution: Polar Bears Without Polar Caps
A Story of Microevolution: Polar Bears Without Polar Caps There are not many creatures in the
world that have the ability to not only survive thirty–two degrees below zero temperatures, but live
in this climate as well. Among penguins and seals, polar bears are apart of the group of creatures
that live everyday life in these freezing conditions. However, polar bears were not always able to do
this. According to the Public Broadcast Service (PBS) website, polar bears evolved from brown
bears through microevolution. Microevolution, by definition, is "small–scale evolution that occurs
from one generation to the next" (Larsen p. A15). Due to the discovery of fossils, it is believed that
brown bears evolved into polar bears between 70,000 to 100,000 years ago. This evolution can be
seen by the change of fur color from brown to white to blend in while hunting for food and by the
growth of a thicker, warmer coat to protect against the cold temperatures (PBS). This all occurred
because of an event called the "ice age". However, in the year 2316, an event called "global
warming" will cause a much different evolution. Global warming is a phrase used to describe the
ongoing, subtle rise in temperature of the earth and it's oceans. Because of the small efforts being
made to slow down global warming, nearly all of the ice caps in the ocean will most likely be
melted by the year 2316. With polar bears only being able to survive by living on polar ... Show
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Because of the immense rising in levels of greenhouse gases, by the year 2316, polar bears will have
acquired webbed feet and have the ability to live

How Does Global Warming Affect Polar Bears
One problem created by global warming is the diminishing natural habitat of the Polar Bear.
Increased greenhouse gas emissions are warming the earth, and shrinking the polar ice caps. The
polar ice caps are the natural habitat for the polar bear. With the loss of this critical habitat it could
inhibit the future survival of this species.
In 2008 the bears were listed by the U.S. Endangered Species Act due to global warming (1). This
listing happened because of the ongoing loss of critical habitat for polar bears survival. The arctic
sea ice sheets are the primary habitat for the bear. The bear lives, and hunts exclusively on these
arctic ice sheets. Increasing global temperatures in the world's oceans are shrinking the arctic ice for
longer periods of time during the late summer months, leaving polar bears with limited hunting and
breeding ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The increased bear population maybe a counterintuitive fact, but the data clearly outlines decreased
bear habitats will lead to dramatic population loses. Reported declines in Polar Bear cub populations
in Hudson Bay, Alaska in last the last decade are alarming. While older bears are strong enough to
survive leaner years caused by climatic change, the younger bears cannot survive these challenging
years. In the article, "Future sea ice conditions in Western Hudson Bay and Consequences for polar
bears in the 21st century" outlines the bears basic needs for sea ice:
In the southernmost parts of polar bear range in Hudson Bay, Canada, the absence of sea ice during
summer forces polar bears onshore for 3–4 months each year. On land, polar bears have no access to
their preferred and high–energy content prey, ringed seals and bearded seals. In Hudson Bay, polar
bears survive the ice–free season on fat stores accumulated while hunting these marine mammals on
the sea

Polar Ice Caps Cause And Effects
The polar ice caps that we see today have taken centuries to form and they ve been melting from
time to time in order to form lakes and rivers that are essential not only for animal and plant life, but
for humans as well all over the world. Furthermore, as precipitation takes its toll the ice caps that
melt gets replaced by fresh snow that is later on over time converted to ice. Thus it is safe to say that
the melting of the polar ice caps is a normal occurrence, however it becomes a problem when the ice
caps melt at a fast rate and turning into water faster and in more quantity than the fresh snow
replacing it. This is the current situation of most of today s polar ice caps all over the world. As they
reduce in size, stability, and strength they eventually break off and melt away thereby increasing sea
levels among other things. The major consequences of melting polar ice caps can be said in the
following order below: We are currently experiencing warmer temperatures all over the world today
as temperatures have gone high, and global warming is becoming more alarming day by day. This
rise in temperature helps polar ice caps melt faster than it should be. Ice caps have even disappeared
in certain parts of the world due to this. The melting of the polar ice caps increases global warming
because ice glaciers deflects or bounces off about 80% heat from the sun and retain or absorb about
20% of it. However, when sunlight falls on earth, only 20% of the heat is deflected and

Global Warming Is The Cause For The End Of The World
Topic: Global warming is the cause to the end of the world.
Opening/Attention: Have you ever heard or the saying "the world is coming to an end"? Has it ever
crossed your mind that this statement could be true? Scientists claim every so often that the world
will end due to natural causes. Even though years have passed and nothing dramatically has
occurred, slowly and slowly, the world is dying. Everyday millions of animals are going extinct, due
to natural causes. Global warming and climate change refer to an increase in average global
temperatures. Natural events and human activities are believed to be contributing to an increase in
average global temperatures. This is all because the world is increasingly changing, and one by one,
nothing and no one will be left. Did you ever wonder about how the earth looked before? Did it ever
cross your mind that earth could have been way healthier before the world's population increased. I
am here to talk to you about more interesting facts, causes, reasons to help and the future outcomes
to understand that for future generations children won 't be able to witness what you have due to the
seriousness of this issue.
Spoken Link/Transition: Here is a story about ( haven 't chosen which story is best) , talking about
an effect that global warming has on humans and/or animals. This story shares details about the
number one fear known as "man" allowing these effects to occur.
Emotion/Story: Polar bear story– Here is a story about

How Does Global Warming Affect The Arctic
Our earth is undergoing a lot of changes caused by Global warming. This is a world issue that
impacts the whole earth. Polar regions are very sensitive to these changes in temperatures. Global
warming is affecting climate change on Arctic species and is likely to be felt globally. The average
temperature increase annually in the arctic is almost twice the global average. This is causing any
problems, some of which will be discussed further on.
Global Warming is affecting the climate in the Arctic in many drastic ways. Animals such as the
Polar bear are having their habitat disappear at an alarming rate. This is causing many of them to
starve as their ice platforms are melting. These platforms allow the polar bears to hunt deep into the
waters providing rest breaks as well as cover for hunting. Krill, a major food source are also affected
by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Arctic sea levels are increasing by a lot and are predicting to change global climate and precipitation
patterns. Melting ice is expected to cause ocean water to speed up and oceans water to rise. This will
cause some areas of land to be affected from the rise in sea level.
Global warming is caused by human activities like burning fossil fuel, deforestation and farming.
This is also known as the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect has much stronger results in the
arctic as small changes in temperature have very strong reactions. While average temperatures have
increased, the warming at the pole has more than doubled the global average. According to NASA,
arctic sea ice is now declining at a rate of 13.2% per decade.
What will our earth look like in 50 years?
Some scientists believe in the future idea know as "warm Arctic, cold continents" They believe we
may see an increase in polar vortexes. These cause extreme cold fronts and mass snowfall often on
areas that are not used to that kind of

Polar Bear Challenges
Polar bear is the largest land carnivore in the world, it is an animal native to the Arctic. They live
without definite residence but migrate across the ice and through the seas from Russia to Alaska,
Canada to Greenland and onto the Svalbard archipelago. Adequate food and energy are the key for
polar bear to survival in the harsh arctic environment. In recent years, however, the polar bears have
faced enormous challenges in arctic, where they have no natural enemy. It is well known that the
normal temperature of human body is around 36.5 degree centigrade, sometimes, sudden illness
causes a rise in body temperature. Every sudden increase in temperature of human body is a threat to
human health. The same is happening with the global climate system. On the surface, the
temperature is just a fraction of degree centigrade but the air temperature can be changed very
severe during a certain period and it also causes a chain reaction of weather and climate. The
Intergovernmental panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports that since the industrial revolution, the
average temperatures of Earth surface has risen by 0.6 degree centigrade (Lisa V. Alexander).
Moreover, the rise in temperature is concentrated in recent decades, there has been an upward trend
of about 0.2 degrees Celsius per decade. Global warming has already affecting the Earth's
ecosystems. The polar bear was the first species be listed as a threatened species in the US under the
Endangered Species because of the threats

Polar Bears : Climate Change
Polar Bears rely upon sea ice for survival. They hunt on seals that are found on sea ice. Climate
change and the atmospheric warming have caused the Arctic ice to melt, resulting in loss of habitats
for polar bears. This essay will focus on how has climate change and increase in temperature
affected the polar bears and what can we do about it.
INTRODUCTION
In everyday news, there is always that one article that talks about how climate changes are scary and
how it is affecting all of us. Some of us read it carefully and some of us just do not care. But it is a
global issue that humans need to come together and think about. Throughout the history of human
evolution, many revolutions have occurred (e.g. industrial revolution). Inventions of complex
technologies and industries have caused pollution through the emissions of many greenhouse gases.
One of the main climate change, increasing the temperature of the environment, is global warming.
An increasing greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation and rapid burning of fossil fuels are
continually causing the warming of the climate. The sunlight is the main source of energy on the
planet but when greenhouse gases increase in the environment, it traps the heat radiating from earth
toward space, causing the global warming. This "greenhouse effect" not only affects the plants but
also animals including humans. Polar bear is one of those animal species that has been affected very
much from this warming of the weather. Polar bears live

Global Warming Effects On Polar Bears
Global Warming has had an enormous impact in several different ecosystems. From forests to the
ocean, and especially to cold environments like the North Pole. The effects of global warming have
been so bad that the ice have started to melt, and animals that need the ice to survive or other vital
activities started to suffer. Animals like polar bears (Ursus maritimus) have been seen behaving in
different ways, and all the evidence leads to global warming. There have been evidence of polar
bears that drowned because of the lack of ice, but one of the most significant changes in their
behavior is their way of hunting. Polar bears now have been seen hunting in land to satisfy their
need of food. This lead to several questions, is this behavior ... Show more content on
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(2013) found that polar bears have been documented chasing and preying on wild geese, also on
eggs of goose, other mammals, and even berries all of these in land. Animals have to adapt to the
environment change, polar bears have found a way to find food, but the big questions is, is it enough
for polar bears to eat terrestrial food? Polar bears feed on ringed seals because they provide the
necessary fat and nutrients that the polar bear needs in other to live. As described by Rode et al.
(2015), the consumption of terrestrial food by polar bears has not been sufficient to replace their
usual diet. This situation can have a big impact on polar bears, and other species in the environment.
Polar bears need ringed seals to survive, but without the seals they have to look for other types of
animals. Sritling and Derocher (2012) stated that because of this phenomenon the body mass of
polar bears have had a decrease, and also a bigger mortality in polar bears. These can have serious
effects on this species because there can be a point in time where polar bears would become extinct.
Also encounters of humans with polar bears have become more common because of the necessity of
these animals to look for

Climate Change Has A Negative Impact On Polar Bears
Climate change has a negative impact on polar bears. This may prove to be a burden to their
existence. Polar bears are some of the world's most majestic animals but their survival is being
threatened because of climate change. Because of this change their habitat is also diminishing.
Historically speaking by the late 1980s and early 1990s, the likelihood that climate warming would
have negative effects on sea ice was gaining recognition. Climate change happens when certain
gasses block heat from escaping the atmosphere. Most scientists agree the cause of this trend is
human expansion of the greenhouse effect. One of the most common gasses and its importance on
this greenhouse effect is methane, a hydrocarbon gas produced both through natural sources and
human activities, including the decomposition of wastes in landfills, agriculture, and especially rice
cultivation, as well as ruminant digestion and manure management associated with domestic
livestock. On a molecule–for–molecule basis, methane is a far more active greenhouse gas than
carbon dioxide, but also one which is much less abundant in the atmosphere. Over time this
greenhouse effect causes the earth's atmosphere to warm causing some regions to become warmer
than others resulting in changing climates. This change in climate may produce more or less
precipitation depending on the region.
Polar bears need ice to move around so they can easily find food to sustain life. Some areas provide
sea ice year–round and in

Polar Bear Research Paper
Global Management
As polar bears inhabit the Arctic regions of five separate nations, it is important to examine the
different nation specific management plans in place for conservation of the species. By examining
the various management plans in place, a comprehensive look into polar bear management of the
species on a global level may be achieved. Of the five nations with polar bear populations, the three
largest have some form of a national management plan in place. However, in all five nations, all
have specific polar bear hunting regulations and restrictions that also assist in polar bear
preservation.
Of the global agreements and conventions relating to global polar bear conservation, there are four
to mention. One is an international ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The new agencies have developed a new goal and strategy to define polar bear conservation in
Russia. The strategy was approved by the Natural Resource Ministry in 2010 to institute methods of
polar bear preservation in the Russian Arctic under the conditions of human impact on the
ecosystems and climate changes (Nikolaevich, 2014). It is yet to be seen how effective the new
strategies will be, however this is a good start from not having a national polar bear plan at

Effects Of Sea Ice On Polar Bears
Introduction Due to the effects of greenhouse gases, the sea ice that polar bears rely on for foraging
and shelter is declining rapidly. Some populations of polar bears are forced to depend on their stored
fat for energy during summer due to melting of the sea ice, which prevents them from hunting more
efficiently. Being forced to rely on stored fat leads to a decline in energy intake, which leads to a
decline in body mass. A decline in body mass correlates with slower reproductive rates and
decreasing survival rates, which effects the growth and genetic diversity of the population. The
increased amount of open water in between sea ice causes the polar bears to swim for greater
lengths and therefore makes it more difficult for female polar bears to find proper dens for
reproducing and protecting their offspring (Derocher and Stirling, 2012). The rate at which the sea
ice declines is projected to accelerate over time (Derocher and Stirling, 2012), which means we will
soon reach a year when severe malnutrition will lead to an irreversible decrease of polar bear
populations (Aars et ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unfortunately, many human–bear interactions lead to death of the polar bear, which can only lead to
more negative effects on their, already declining, populations (Aars et al., 2013). All of these factors
leading to high mortality rates and low reproduction rates which are causing a severe lack in genetic
diversity of polar bears due to the extremely limited gene pool (Derocher and Stirling, 2012).
Conclusion In conclusion, the melting of the sea ice leads to a lack of food availability, increased
swimming time, and dysfunctional maternal dens, which causes loss of body mass, declined
reproductive fitness, increased human–bear interaction, lack of genetic diversity, and ultimately
higher mortality

Impact Of Global Warming On Polar Bears
Global warming threatens polar bears survive
Polar bear but the former "Arctic hegemony", but now the situation report risk: drowning,
cannibalism, and human fought ""
The root causes of this series of bizarre events are due to global warming.
Bear War spate
In 2004, US scientists in Beaufort Bay found four drowned polar bears as "super swimmer"
And all day on pack ice from the shuttle Walker, drowning event was incomprehensible. In the same
year, it took place in polar bear territory
Bizarre murder, people found the bodies of two small polar bear in a cave collapse, even outside the
cave animals
Continued heavy blow traces of the cave at the top, not far away, there is an incomplete mother
bear's body. This "vicious" event exactly
By whomever? ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In lactation, female polar bears
Consume large amounts of fat stored in the body, on the one hand to make it into the milk for
feeding calves, on the other hand to maintain their
Body temperature, so a female polar bear over the winter after the body weight can reduce by half.
For these reasons, the polar bear fertility
It fell by 15%. Melting sea ice, polar bears will one day trapped in the sea, so that they can not
return to their own land to construction
Nest. Scientists predict that by 2050, the number of polar bears will be reduced by 30%. Only the
northern Canadian Arctic
Greenland and the West Bank to be able to make the world's about more than 10,000 polar bears
continue to survive.
More intense greenhouse effect on the Arctic
The greenhouse effect caused by global warming, we are perceived more as a "winter is not cold,
not hot in summer," why was it
Let the polar bear cold and hunger, homelessness, on the verge of extinction? Why is the strongest
response to global warming is the place chosen to Arctic
The ice and snow of the place? Arctic ice cap has two categories: one is the sea ice cover in the
Arctic Ocean, one is

When people discuss climate change and pollution in the world, one species they typically look at is
the polar bears. It has become a common quote of people to claim, "The polar bears are dying," as
they pick a side on the issue of climate change. For the most part, people love polar bears and use it
as inspiration to heed the Earth environment. Still, reports have shown that these beloved animals
are suffering and need our help. Polar bears, also known as currently have a vulnerable status, as
their population dwindles with the change in their habitat. Their scientific name, Ursus maritimus,
literally means sea bear and encompasses their livelihood. People have called these bears many
different names, including ice bear, white bear, lord of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although polar bears are known for their white fur, they actually have black skin under this
translucent, hollow hair. Their translucent hair is able to reflect light, while the hollowness works as
an insulation and helps with buoyancy in water. Their fur covers a thick layer of fat that aids
warmth. Polar bears also have furry hind feet that give traction and warmth to bears as they move
across the ice. These adapted feet combine with webbed paws and dense bone legs that enable them
to swim long distances. Smaller ears and tails can also be found in these mammals, in order to
minimize the amount of heat loss from these structures. Their long, narrow skulls warms the air they
inhale and helps them capture prey in the toughest of spots, a major difference from other bears.
Polar bears use their massive jaws to grab onto prey and to find their meals wherever. They have
also shown to migrate in order to survive the summer, as they will follow the pack ice as it drifts
north or even go ashore. Overall, polar bears have evolved and developed important adaptations that
have bolstered them to be able to overcome their harsh environment. Their descent with
modification has helped them succeed, yet it has not been enough to help them overcome current
human and climate change conditions weighing down on

What Effect Do Polar Bears Have On The Environment
In recent decades, the global warming threat has captured the attention of the nation and the world.
While the main focus began with concentrating on the effects this long–term natural crisis would
have on the human population, select groups have worked to approach the topic in a manner that
entails prevention in order to help other animal and plant species around the globe. One such
organization is the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which has played a major
role in the conservation of the polar bear species, one of the mammals most adversely affected by
the recent climate changes. As more research has been conducted regarding the polar bears,
scientific name Ursus Maritimus, the conclusions have been shocking. In ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Part of the original decision to list the species as threatened came from the fact that the critical
habitat of these animals had been greatly reduced due to natural and human activities. Critical
habitat is defined as the "area that contains habitat features essential for the conservation of a
threatened or endangered species and which may require special management considerations"
("Critical Habitat"). From this definition coupled with the results of numerous studies, it was found
that polar bears have suffered from extreme declines in ice habitats where they carry out the
majority of their lives. One study found that "ice thickness has decreased by 40% during the past 30
years and the average annual extent of ice coverage in the polar region has diminished substantially,
with an average annual reduction of over 1 million square kilometers" (Schliebe) meaning in a
comparatively short period of time the species has been subjected to substantial decreases in their
environments. This habitat destruction is the major concern for the polar bear species as human
activity is immensely increasing the rate at which their environments are destroyed. Not only does
recent research reveal massive decreases in the area of habitats which this species occupies, but it
also provides evidence that the lifestyles of these animals are being altered. With changing season
lengths and temperatures, polar bears

The Polar Bear : A Description Of The Polar Bear
Species History The first thought that pops up in someone's mind when asked to describe a polar
bear is the white furred bear that lives on ice – or, in the Arctic. This would not be an inaccurate
description of the Ursus Maritimus as it is true, even the name itself translates to "maritime animal"
(Derocher et al. 2004). Polar bears "rely on sea ice" as it provides a platform for "hunting,
migrating, and mating" without ice, they are forced to move inland to where competition as top
predator increases (Hamilton et al. 2014). They evolved from "terrestrial brown bears" to a highly
"pagophilic" animal (Derocher et al. 2004).
Current Range The current range of the polar bear is ice. This includes the Arctic basin/area, Alaska,
parts of Canada, and Greenland. Their home range can be enormous, as a fully grown polar bear can
travel more than "1,000 kilometers to set up a home range apart from its mother's", but their overall
home range falls directly on two main factors: "habitat quality and availability of seal prey" (Polar
Bears Habitat).
Food Needs With continued sea ice loss due to "climate warming", it will negatively affect polar
bear survival and reproduction that will lead to population declines (Hamilton et al. 2014). The ice
that is able to survive the melt season, the insufficient snow cover "limit[s] its viability as habitat for
ringed seals", the preferred and primary prey species of polar bears (Hamilton et al. 2014). This has
caused for the polar bear to

The Threat Of Food Sources
THREAT TO FOOD SOURCES
Climate change doesn't just mean that certain species will suffer from the loss of habitat. There will
be a cascade effect up and down the food chain, affecting the most basic species of prey and apex
predators alike. Dominant predators with a strong preference for a carnivorous diet are arguably
more vulnerable to destruction of their environments. If the prey population suffers, it directly
affects the survival of the predators that depend on them. Polar bears have an especially focused
diet, and seals are their prefered prey. Interestingly, the milk produced by polar bear mothers "is
more similar to that of pinnipeds (seals) than it is to milk of most terrestrial mammals" (Amstrup,
599). Like polar bears, several species of seal depend on a reliable presence of sea ice in order to
breed (Derocher 2004, p. 168). A dwindling seal population will almost certainly affect polar bears.
Polar bears are unique from their omnivorous cousins in that they have adapted to an arctic climate
with a specialized diet. Ringed seals make up the majority of their diet, along with other species of
seal, whales, and walruses (Thiemann 2008, p. 591). Although I have previously argued here is
some hope that polar bears can adapt to different food sources like geese and caribou, further
research indicates that a diet of land animals such as geese and their eggs is a poor substitute. First
of all, the list of prey I mentioned all have one thing in common: A thick

Effects Of Subpopulation On Polar Bears
A primary response to change is the ability of individuals to modify their behavior patterns relation
to spatial distribution and phenological shifts. However, for species living in environmental
extremes, they have little opportunity to regulate the climate–warming changes to their physical
environment and must display plasticity in their key behaviors to cope with the changes. Polar bears
face the dilemma of remaining with ice that has retreated past biologically–productive shallow
waters or to move away from the retreating sea ice to the shore which can lead to inadequate
resources and exposure to risk factors. There was an investigation on polar bears from Alaska's
southern Beaufort Sea (SB) subpopulation to see if the rapid environmental

Climate change has recently become a very large issue and at the forefront of it all are the Artic
Polar Bears. These Artic Polar Bears have been labeled as vulnerable by National Geographic. This
vulnerable label comes from a multitude of issues with the most significant being climate change.
Artic Polar Bears are dying rapidly because these large carnivores are victims of the climate change,
oil exploration, toxic pollution, and overhunting, all these and many more reasons are leading them
to extinction and something needs to be done about it. Artic Polar Bears have made many
adaptations to live in the harsh climates of the Artic. These Polar Bears live in the northern areas of
the world which is some of the harshest climates in the world. ... Show more content on
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Oil and gas business is moving towards the north because the wells in the southern areas are drying
up. When the polar bears fur comes in contact with oil spills it can reduce the insulating effect of the
bears' fur" (WWF Global, 2016). This causes the polar bear to use more energy when trying to stay
warm without the usual insulation that it usually has. Poisoning is also a cause because if polar bears
ingest oil it can be detrimental to their health. They can "ingest oil through grooming and through
eating contaminated prey" (WWF Global, 2016). Disturbances such as "seismic blasting,
construction, transportation and operation of oil facilities can negatively affect polar bears" (WWF
Global, 2016). Lastly, creating drilling sites in the northern parts of the world are destroying the
polar bears habitat. For example, when if an oil spill occurs near a large amount of polar bears then
it can have an effect on the environment by possibly contaminating the area. People may suggest to
drill offshore instead of inland but that also poses a greater threat "since routine emissions, spills or
leaks will be discharged directly into the sea or on sea ice" (WWF Global,

Polar Bears Research Paper
Polar Bears Polar bears are endangered species in Arctic area's. They are carnivorous bears that are
white and furry. Eight of the nine polar bear populations decreased. Polar bears have black skin
under their fur and have fat that measures to 4.5 inches thick. They have long necks which is
beneficial for them because it helps them swim and when they catch their prey in the tiny holes.
Polar bears are said to be as smart as apes. They usually weigh from 350 to 700 kg. There is an
estimated amount of 20,000 to 25,000 polar bears still living today.
The Great White polar bear is the largest of the world's bear species. Two–thirds of polar bears are
predicted to be extinct by 2050. Polar bears are carnivores. They eat mainly ringed seals and fish.
The amount of humans today in the world are the reason why polar bears are going ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Which means they are connected to the arctic fox, musk ox, and caibou. The nutrient cycle in the
Arctic Sea contains of carbon and nitrogen. There is more than one way the nutrient cycle works.
One way is the carbon cycle can start off with phytoplankton and algae taking up carbon dioxide
from sea water and transforms it into the organic carbon of their tissue. Even the consumers prey in
the ecosystem that "converts their prey's carbon into their own tissue oro into shrinking fecal
pellets". Decomposers return the nutrients back into the soil in the arctic, but the consumers capable
of helping put carbon back into the ecosystem by breathing or respiring. The nitrogen makes up 79
percent of the atmosphere so when there is snowfall in the tundra, the snow of the nitrogen is rich
and eventually deposits back into the soil. Animals are only able to benefit from the nitrogen after
the plants use it to make more proteins and nucleic acid. It starts with algae and then moves onto
shrimp, cod fish, seals, and polar

Female Polar Bears
Polar bears are a unique animal all their own. Male polar bears have a versatile diet and foraging
strategy compared to female polar bears, which is proving helpful with recent climate changes.
Throughout this paper, the foraging techniques of male and female polar bears will be discussed
along with increasing climate temperatures and how it is affecting polar bears. Male polar bears are
more versatile when foraging for food compared to female polar bears. Thiemann et al. (2011) found
that males would have a wider range in food selection due to the size of the adult male polar bears
giving it a greater opportunity to hunt larger animals. Therefore the males could better forage
because of more options available to them. Thiemann et al. (2011) ... Show more content on
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Since the ice is slowly breaking away, it is causing a negative effect for polar bears and their
foraging ability by not allowing an area for hunting of ringed seals (Elvin, 2014). Rockwell and
Gormezano (2009) talk about how the breaking apart of the ice disrupts the amount of time the polar
bears have for hunting seals which in return is causing the polar bears to travel to land sooner.
Rockwell and Gormezano (2009) state that as the polar bears are coming to shore sooner, they are
interfering with the hatching season of snow geese. Due to the polar bears intruding on the nests,
this gives the polar bears the opportunity to consume the offspring of the snow geese and obtain any
energy still required (Rockwell and Gormezano, 2009). Even though the polar bears may not get the
energy they need from seals, they are still able to get it by other means because of the climate
changing. Overall, male and female polar bears have their own ways of hunting and foraging.
Although the females have their physical limitations due to size or their cubs, they still find a way to
survive like the males do by feeding off carcasses and hunting. Climate change is the other limiting
factor that is changing the way polar bears forage, but is also providing new ways as well through
nesting grounds. As the world keeps changing, the polar bears are changing as well to adapt and
survive the best way

Polar Bear Evolution Is a Continuing Story Essay
Polar Bear Evolution is a Continuing Story
The polar bear, the largest land carnivore in North America, one of the largest animals in the world
and a favorite at zoos worldwide, has, over the years, adapted to its harsh Arctic environment. The
appropriately named 'ursus maritimum' or sea bear usually lives between 15 and 18 years in the wild
and spends most of its life on ice. It is the most recent of the eight bear species. The first polar bear
was a brown bear subspecies, with brown bear dimensions and brown bear teeth. The polar bear
evolution was rapid due to the small population and extreme pressure to survive. Even today, the
polar bear continues to evolve to better adapt to the harsh realities of Arctic life.
Today's polar bear ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Evolution of the polar bear also resulted in curved, needle–sharp claws for clinging to ice and
grabbing prey. In addition, they developed large, partially webbed paws to assist with swimming.
On land, their enormous paws are useful for traveling across loose snow and the paws provide a
bigger area to spread their weight across on thin ice. Another adaptation is the polar bear's longer
neck which is needed to keep their head above water when swimming (Polar Bear Evolution 1995).
All of these characteristics, unique to the polar bear, have been part of its evolution.
The hearing and eyesight of polar bears is quite similar to human beings, however, over the years,
the polar bear developed an extraordinary sense of smell. According to Canadian Wildlife magazine,
polar bears can smell seals at ranges up to 32 kilometers (2002). They can smell through thick snow
and even through ice. This unique ability was an important part of the evolutionary process for
survival in Arctic conditions where vegetation is severely limited and food may be miles away.
The favorite food of the polar bear is the ringed seal, however if hungry enough, they will eat other
breeds of seals including bearded, harp, hooded and harbor. Polar bears will also eat beluga whales
and walrus (Field Guide 2002). At times, they will even eat eggs, crabs and kelp (Milius 1994). The
polar bear is strong enough to lift a beluga whale, several times its own weight, out of the water for
a meal

Arctic Polar Research Paper
The Devastating Effects of Pollution In the Arctic One man's trash is another man's treasure as the
old adage goes, but what about when one man's trash is another species pandemic. Pollution has
been plaguing humans for centuries, and as a result, the accumulation of this garbage has begun to
significantly affect populations other than human beings. A striking example of this is found in
Arctic Polar bear populations which as of recently are beginning to display some eerie side effects.
Most individuals tend not to think about where their trash goes the second it leaves their hands, but
it has to go somewhere. This somewhere is often times the ocean where the trash congregates and
migrates around the world where it is consumed by the various species which dwell in its depths.
The concentration of these toxins builds slowly within the various species that are exposed to it.
Consequently, these concentrations increase as one moves up the food web, and at the top of the
Arctic food web sits the beloved polar bear which bears the brunt of these ever increasing
concentrations expressed through various health complications. ... Show more content on
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As a result, humans are slowly destroying the bear's ability to reproduce, and function in a normal
way. By removing chemicals such as mercury, DDT, PCBs and lindane to name a few from our
waste it is possible that the world may be able to retain our population of arctic polar bears, and
preserve the beautiful creature for generations to come. Alternatively, people should use this as a
warning of things to come if they continue to be so irresponsible about their waste. The implications
to other ecosystems could be sufficiently more devastating than what is being witnessed in the
arctic, and it is humanity's responsibility to take action now before it is too

Polar Bear Populations: Article Analysis
In the scientific article Feeding and reproductive ecology of two polar bear populations the
researchers focused on the study of two polar bear populations that being the Chukchi Sea and the
Beaufort Sea. Primarily researchers investigated the effects of ice loss in these areas with a focus
finding out whether size, condition, and reproductive indices are being affected by climate changes
leading to sea ice loss. This study is an important area of research because of the vast decline in sea
ice, leading to Polar bear deaths. Polar bears depend on sea ice because it's a way for them to hunt
for prey, that being seals. In order to examine polar bear conditions, polar bears were located from a
helicopter and immobilized with a dart containing

The Exploration Of The Arctic Oil Spills
In the Beginning Prior to today's mechanisms, Native Americans and European settlers retrieved
minor amounts of crude oil from holes in the ground. It was not until the mid–nineteenth century
when Colonel Edwin Drake discovered the how to retrieve even larger quantities of oil. He realized
that, by drilling a hole deep enough, greater quantities of oil could be obtained. Colonel Edwin
Drake established the very first oil well in Titusville, Pennsylvania. After Colonel Edwin Drake's
discovery, the search for oil followed. Through this quest, many oil reserves were located all over
North America, with the richest reserves found in Texas. Today, oil companies have discovered rich
reserves all around the globe, including the Arctic. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 2001, someone fired a rifle at the pipeline, resulting in 300,000 gallons to leak out. Likewise, in
2006, a deteriorated portion of the Prudhoe Bay pipeline resulted in a leak of 270,000 gallons of oil
into the area. Furthermore in the Alaskan area, the Exxon Valdez oil tanker leaked approximately 11
million gallons of oil into the Prince William Sound. This massive oil spill killed over a thousand
sea otters, thousands of birds, and cost more than $2 billion dollars to recover. Threats Damages to
the Cryosphere The cryosphere refers to the frozen water part of the Earth system including the
frozen parts of the ocean, such as waters surrounding the Arctic. Recent studies show that the
cryosphere is generally in a poor state, and scientific agreement stated that average global
temperatures will continues to increase over the next century. This means that the existing risk to
these climatically sensitive areas is increasing. In the past 20 years, the amount of summer sea ice in
the Arctic has decreased dramatically, and could even disappear completely within the next hundred
years. Evidence shows that some of these depletions in the cryosphere are human–induced,
specifically the fragmentation of sea ice when oil tankers break through the frozen waters to make a
passageway. This fragmentation leads to global sea rise and habitat destruction for large predators
such as polar bears and seals, in addition to other Arctic wildlife.

The Negative Effects Of Oil Drilling
As polar ice in the Arctic region melts, there are many implications associated with it. The melting
ice opens up sea lanes, providing access to priceless natural resources, such as the estimated 90
billion barrels of the world's undiscovered oil (Karaim 336). For the United States, this is a great
opportunity. Access to these energy reserves would open up expansion of the oil industry, which
advocates of oil drilling say will lead to extensive economic development (Karaim 335) in northern
Alaska and the rest of the Arctic region. However, scientists caution that an increase in oil drilling
will have destructive effects on the environment. Increased greenhouse gas pollution from oil
drilling facilitate global warming, which will melt even more polar ice, absorbing more sunlight and
harming vivid Arctic ecosystems. The higher risk for oil spills will harm marine wildlife, which
translates to harming the indigenous Arctic peoples. Their diets will be altered, new diseases will be
introduced, and the changing of the Arctic land will restrict their rich cultural traditions and
lifestyles. Although oil drilling will facilitate economic development in the Arctic, it should not be
continued because its implementation is not sustainable for the environment, nor does it improve the
lifestyles of the indigenous Arctic peoples.
One concern that scientists have regarding oil drilling in the Arctic is the perpetuation of climate
change that comes along with it. Expansion of the oil

In recent years, society has been extremely innovative with its technology, thereby generating a
mass increase in the efficiency of the commodities we use in our daily lives, but also elevating the
amount of pollution that's being released into our ozone. This, sequentially, is worsening the effects
of the polar bear's prime enemy: global warming. It is indisputable that the longevity of any animal's
life should not be determined by the preference of a human being; it is unjust for us as people of the
earth to decide which animal is more deserving of our help. However, we must start somewhere.
According to endangeredpolarbear.com, "The CO2 (carbon dioxide) levels have never before, over
the last ten thousand years has reached 300 parts per

Protect Ursus Maritmus
What does Ursus Martimus mean? Ursus Maritmus is the scientific term for Polar bears (" Polar
Bear"). Polar bears are marine mammals that live in the Artic Ocean. Polar Bears region in 19
subpopulations such as Alaska, Canada, Russia, Greenland, and Norway ("Polar Bears"). "They
evolved 1–3 million years ago from the brown or grizzly bears, which still eke out a marginal life
along the northern shore of the arctic oceans" ("Polar Bear"). Polar bears are large animals, they
weigh 900–1600 pounds, and their body is 7.25 to 8 feet tall, not counting their tail ("Polar Bear").
This type of bear has thick white fur that acts as camouflage in the snow, and they have black skin to
trap heat because of freezing temperatures where ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The main cause of global warming is "greenhouse effect." Greenhouse effect is gases that are
released into the atmosphere that do not escape into space, the gases that contribute are: water vapor,
nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, and methane. "The most important greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide,
emitted by the burning of fossil fuels, and the clearing of forests" (Climate Change). The stronger
greenhouse effects are it will warm up the Earth, and ocean's causing glaciers, and other ice to melt
increasing sea level ("A Blanket"). When ice melts, and glaciers start to disappear it is hard for polar
bears to live because the remaining ice that is left gets farther from shore. It makes it harder for
polar bears to hunt, and can be brutal to them as they try to swim back because of such big waves
the glaciers cause. ). "In 2004, biologists discovered four drowned polar bears in the Beaufort Sea,
and suspect the actual number of drowned bears may have been considerably greater" ("Global
Warming"). When those four polar bears were out in the sea, they were probably looking for food,
and since the ice is melting is it makes it extremely harder for them to hunt. Polar bears eat
walruses, narwhals, beluga, whales, and many types of seals. Polar bears "still–hunt" which is to sit
silently, and watch for prey to go to a breathing hole, when they come up for air that's then the polar
bear strikes (Sionger). Polar bears do everything on the ice, they rely on it to hunt, sleep, and live

Polar Bears Research Paper
Summary Polar bears are an important arctic species that are in danger of extinction because of
climate change. Polar bears are known as a keystone species, meaning they have significant effect
on the environment in which they live. As such, keeping polar bears alive is essential for a balanced
ecosystem in the Arctic Circle. One of the major threats to polar bears is melting sea ice. As the
overall temperature of the earth increases due to global warming and the greenhouse effect, the sea
ice that polar bears live on for most of their lives is melting. Polar bears require sea ice to survive, as
it is their hunting grounds and habitat. When the ice melts, polar bears are forced to move closer to
the pole. Unfortunately, polar bears use northern ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first recommendation was to practice "sustainable harvesting" on polar bears. Polar bears are
hunted for food, for their fur, for sport, and for traditional practices by Native people. According to
Dr. Steven C. Amstrup, a chief scientist at Polar Bears International and a USGS polar bear project
leader in Alaska, he states that each native village is allowed to hunt a certain number of polar bears
which is governed by a quota system (Amstrup, n.d.). Polar bear hunting is currently managed in
Greenland, Alaska, and Canada (Sahanatien, et al., 2012, p. 398). Another recommendation was to
educate the natives on polar bears. Since polar bears are approaching human settlements, educating
the humans about polar bears and of their behavior could reduce the amount of unnecessary killing
(O'Neill, et al., 2008, p. 1657). Lastly, all experts recommended that polar bears should be
monitored and research should be conducted on polar bear populations in hope to conserve the
species from

The Polar Night : The Dark Days Of The Polar Night
The dark and desolate polar nights have caused many a man to go mad. The absence of light during
that time of year in the Antarctic region often filled those that were nearby with a strange
melancholy and depression. Many have acquired illnesses and some have even come to lose their
minds because of it. The crew of the Endurance however, maintained a cheerful spirit throughout
these months of dark gloom. The following essay will consist of evidence showing why the dark
months of the polar night left many in a psychotic state, how the crew of the Endurance managed to
remain with an effervescent spirit through those months, and how their strategy managed to make all
the difference in the world.
I know that on rainy days I usually don't feel as lively as on sunny days, but the polar nigh is
nothing like a rainy day, in fact it is known to be altogether bleak and dreary. The absence of light
during those months probably caused the men on the Belgica to focus on the fact that they were in a
dark cold state of being upon their vessel. The absence of light itself was altogether affecting them
already and the fact that it was hard for them to get around lowered their spirits. Another factor that
may have contributed to the unhinged mannerisms is probably that they did not try to cheer up or
begin any sort of recreational activity within their crew to surmount the polar night's effects. All of
those aboard that vessel at first experienced some sort of despondent feeling that caused

The Complex Issue of Climate Change
The effects of climate change are much more complex then a simple rise in temperature. Habitats
and the species that rely on them are disappearing, in what I view as a 'snowball effect' of
biodiversity loss. A reduction in a species habitat will have dire consequences for them as well as
other species that co–exist with them, over time every aspect of that environment is affected. In the
Artic, sea ice is melting at a faster then it has in centuries. According to an article published by
Aarhus University "Climate change is by far the worst threat to Arctic biodiversity. Temperatures are
expected to increase more in the Arctic compared to the global average, resulting in severe
disruptions to Arctic biodiversity some of which are already visible" (Aarhus University, 2013).
Among the many species being affected, the polar bear population has already experienced serious
decline because of its reliance on sea ice. Polar bears rely on the sea ice to hunt, breed, and, in some
cases, den. Changes in their population and distribution are starting to become noticeable within the
Arctic ecosystem. There are social, environmental and economic effects associated with the negative
effects climate change has on the polar bear population. Because of these dire consequences related
to climate change, swift action must be taken in order to help protect this species and its
environment. Polar bears have an extensive history in human culture, starting very early in history
and

The Radical Chlorination Of Chlorobutane
Introduction The radical chlorination of chlorobutane is performed using AIBN and sulfuryl
chloride. The purpose in doing this is so that the 4 different products yielded could be observed and
analyzed. The four products produced are, 1,1–dichlorobutane, 1,2–dichlorobutane, 1,3–
dichlorobutane, and 1,4–dichlorobutane. For each product the chlorine adds in a different location
relative to the original chlorine. This is due to a number of reasons, including the degree of carbon
substitution and proximity to the chloro substituent.. The goal with this in the experiment was to
find out why each product is given in different yields. Experimentally, to determine the effect of the
chloro substituent on the reactivity per hydrogen, a gas ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Relative reactivity was also done by taking the reactivity per H of each divided by the reactivity per
H of the 1,4 product. All this data points to the fact that the 1,3 product is by far the favored product.
As for the reactivity of the carbons, it is observed that in general the further away the chlorine
substituent is from the original, the better the yield. In this case however, the one furthest away is
not the most yielded. This is because the 1,3 dichlorobutane is at the furthest secondary carbon from
the chlorine. The 1,2 and 1,4 products share similar yields likely because the 1,4 is the furthest, but
also not secondary, and the 1,2 is secondary but closer to the chlorine, making it have a larger partial
positive charge. The 1,1 is formed so little because it is putting a chlorine geminal to the chloro
substituent, making it have the highest partial positive charge. Also for the 1,3 product, the radical
formed is the most favored radical of the 4 products formed.
Discussion
As for the reaction itself, the formation of the radical follows the 3 step process of Initiation,
Propagation, and Termination. The short run down of this is that the initiation step makes the radical
via hydrogen abstraction, the propagation step forms products, and the termination ends the reaction
and gives stable products. The rate determining step in this reaction is in the hydrogen abstraction.
During hydrogen

Retinol Hypothesis
The relationship between polychlorinated biphenyls and thyroid hormones and retinol was studied
focusing on two groups of female polar bears (females with cubs of the year and females without
cubs) and within a group of males. PCB is an industrial organochlorine chemical by–product which
has toxic effects. Since PCB is volatile it is deposited in the polar regions. PCB negatively impacts
brain development due to their impact on the thyroid system. It also causes menstrual dysfunction,
anovulation, and miscarriage. The polar bear feeds on the seals which contain OCs in their fatty
tissues so the PCB congeners can greatly accumulate in their body. There are two main types of
Thyroid hormone : T4 and T3. Retinol is vitamin A which is also affected by PCB. Retinol is a fat–
soluble vitamin needed for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
PCB also affects the thyroid enzymes. In this study, the global null hypothesis was there is no
relationship between PCB and Thyroid hormones and Retinol in female and male bears. The
alternative hypothesis was that there is a relationship present between PCB and Thyroid hormones
and Retinol in female and male bears. The treatment group in the study was that the expecting polar
bear mothers fasted for at least three months and the control group in the study was the mothers who
were not pregnant and the males. Because intercourse, reproduction, and sustenance of the polar
bears affect the level of thyroid hormone and retinol, there are likelihoods of the effects of PCBs and
other OCs on thyroid hormones and retinol status may vary. The bears were all from the Svalbard
population. In order to prevent confounding results occurring from seasonal variation, the study took
place in spring between the months of March and April. The animals were live–captured and
tranquilized by injection and the health of the polar bears was assessed and their age was determine
using a vestigial premolar

Arctic Ocean Research Paper
American environmentalist Jeff Goodell once said, "Some studies suggest that the Arctic Ocean may
be ice–free by the end of the century." The destruction of the Polar Regions has caused major
implications for the Earth today and has caused a positive feedback loop that ultimately will cause
them to deplete further. The Polar Regions have slowly faded away due to the lack of precautions
humans have taken to protect them, such as the use of chlorofluorocarbons, the destruction of the
ozone layer, and the accelerated process of the Greenhouse Effect.
The Polar Regions The Polar Regions of the world consist of the northernmost and southernmost
areas of the Earth. The Arctic, the northern area of the Earth, is the more known polar region. The
Arctic consists of all the area located north of the Arctic Circle, which is found at 66°33'44'' north of
the equator. The southern area of the earth is known as the Antarctic, all of the area south of the
Antarctic Circle. The Antarctic Circle is 66°33'44'' south of the equator.
Both of these regions are highly susceptible to human actions, such as pollution. The actions can
cause detrimental effects to the climate and to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It caused major advancements in technology, medicine, and science. Along with these advances, the
Industrial Revolution sparked a major environmental problem, the accelerated warming of the
climate. Since the late 1700s, humans have learned to more efficiently produce and consume goods.
This mass production of products needs a lot of energy, and during the Industrial Revolution, the
lone form of energy generation was the burning of fossil fuels. Fossil fuels release an enormous
amount of greenhouse gases when burned. Greenhouse gases are gases found in the atmosphere
which acts as a blanket; they allow heat to penetrate down to the Earth's surface, but they restrict
heat's escape back into

Humanity Act Saving Polar Bears
Yes, the humanity act saving the polar bears are important too because according to text polar bears
are predators their main prey is the ringed seals. The polar bears are adapted to hunt seals if the
polar bears go extinct the seal population will inflate causing the seals to need more food which is
salmon which could affect the seafood market because the fishermen wouldn't be able to catch their
batch of salmon to make their income. The sea ice is a part of the ecosystem, the ecosystem is
providing services that support the human wellbeing. The ecosystem produces food fiber, and water,
while the services benefit the humanity derives from the dynamic work of nature. The polar bear sea
ice habitat changes caused by global warming which is bad

How Does Polar Retreat Affect Polar Bears

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