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‫ل‬‫او‬ ‫بخش‬:‫بندی‬ ‫طبقه‬،‫قانونی‬ ‫ضوابط‬ ،‫یف‬‫ر‬‫تعا‬ ،‫اهمیت‬
‫دوم‬‫بخش‬:‫ونقل‬‫حمل‬،‫ی‬‫نگهدار‬ ،‫ی‬‫ر‬‫آو‬‫جمع‬ ،‫بندی‬ ‫بسته‬،‫تفکیک‬
‫سوم‬ ‫بخش‬:‫دفع‬‫و‬‫ی‬‫ساز‬‫خطر‬ ‫بی‬ ‫های‬‫ش‬‫و‬‫ر‬
Healthcare Waste Management
Dr. M. Khazaei
Ph.D of environmental health engineering
Qom University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Healthcare Waste Management
Section One
‫بندی‬ ‫طبقه‬،‫قانونی‬ ‫ضوابط‬،‫یف‬‫ر‬‫تعا‬،‫اهمیت‬
Dr. M. Khazaei
Ph.D of environmental health engineering
Qom University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
‫موضوع‬‫اهمیت‬
•‫پسماندها‬‫ی‬‫پزشکی‬‫خطرناک‬ ‫عوامل‬ ‫بودن‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫دا‬ ‫علت‬ ‫به‬٬‫جمله‬‫از‬‫ا‬‫ز‬‫ی‬‫بیمار‬‫و‬ ‫سمی‬
‫یک‬‫ژ‬‫پاتولو‬ ‫ائدات‬‫ز‬٬‫عفونی‬٬‫ئی‬‫و‬‫دار‬٬‫ی‬ ‫خاص‬ ‫حساسیت‬‫از‬‫ادیواکتیو‬‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫شیمیایی‬
‫ر‬‫دا‬‫ر‬‫برخو‬‫ند‬.
•‫پسماندهای‬ ‫مدیریت‬‫پزشکی‬‫پس‬ ‫وجود‬‫و‬ ‫ایی‬‫ز‬‫عفونت‬ ‫پتانسیل‬‫دلیل‬‫به‬‫ماندهای‬
‫است‬ ‫اهمیت‬‫حائز‬‫بسیار‬ ‫خطرناک‬.
•‫صحیح‬ ‫مدیریت‬ ‫به‬ ‫نسبت‬ ‫توجهی‬‫بی‬‫و‬ ‫ل‬‫کنتر‬ ‫عدم‬‫این‬‫ب‬ ‫عالوه‬ ‫پسماندها‬‫تهدید‬‫ر‬
‫می‬‫نیز‬‫یاد‬‫ز‬ ‫های‬‫هزینه‬‫اتالف‬ ‫باعث‬ ،‫یست‬‫ز‬ ‫محیط‬‫و‬ ‫جامعه‬ ‫سالمت‬ ‫ای‬‫ر‬‫ب‬ ‫جدی‬‫شود‬.
‫یف‬‫ر‬‫وتعا‬ ‫اصطالحات‬
•‫پزشکی‬‫پسماند‬:(Healthcare Waste):‫ناش‬‫ر‬‫آو‬‫يان‬‫ز‬ ‫و‬ ‫عفوني‬ ‫پسماندهاي‬ ‫كليه‬‫به‬‫ي‬
‫ساي‬‫و‬‫طبي‬ ‫تشخيص‬ ‫های‬‫مایشگاه‬‫ز‬‫آ‬،‫ماني‬‫ر‬‫د‬،‫بهداشتي‬ ‫اكز‬‫ر‬‫م‬،‫نها‬‫ستا‬‫ر‬‫بیما‬‫از‬‫اكز‬‫ر‬‫م‬ ‫ر‬
‫میشود‬ ‫گفته‬ ‫مشابه‬.‫پسماندها‬‫نظير‬‫ستاني‬‫ر‬‫بيما‬ ‫خطرناك‬ ‫سايرپسماندهاي‬‫از‬،‫ا‬‫ز‬‫پرتو‬ ‫ی‬
‫است‬ ‫خارج‬ ‫تعريف‬‫اين‬ ‫ل‬‫شمو‬1.*
•‫پسماند‬‫هاي‬‫پزشكي‬‫ويژه‬:‫به‬‫كلیه‬‫پسماندهاي‬‫عفوني‬‫و‬‫يان‬‫ز‬‫ر‬‫آو‬‫ي‬ ‫ناش‬‫از‬‫بیم‬،‫ستانها‬‫ر‬‫ا‬
‫اكز‬‫ر‬‫م‬‫بهداشتي‬،‫ماني‬‫ر‬‫د‬‫مايشگاه‬‫ز‬‫آ‬‫هاي‬‫تشخیص‬،‫طبي‬‫و‬‫ساير‬‫اكز‬‫ر‬‫م‬‫مشابه‬‫كه‬‫به‬‫دلیل‬
‫باالبودن‬‫حداقل‬‫يكي‬‫از‬‫خواص‬‫خطرناك‬‫از‬‫قبیل‬‫ت‬ّ‫سمی‬،‫ي‬‫بیمار‬‫ايي‬‫ز‬،‫قابلیت‬‫ا‬‫نفجار‬‫يا‬
‫اشتعال‬،‫ندگي‬‫ر‬‫خو‬‫و‬‫مشابه‬‫آن‬‫كه‬‫به‬‫اقبت‬‫ر‬‫م‬‫ويژه‬(‫مديريت‬‫خاص‬)‫نیاز‬،‫ند‬‫ر‬‫دا‬‫گ‬‫فته‬
‫ميشود‬2.
•‫بي‬‫ي‬‫خطرساز‬(Treatment):‫اقداماتي‬‫كه‬‫ويژگي‬‫خطرناك‬‫بودن‬‫پسماند‬‫پزشكي‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫فع‬
‫نمايد‬2.
.1‫اهنمای‬‫ر‬‫طبقه‬‫بندی‬‫پسماندها‬‫برای‬‫سین‬‫ر‬‫باز‬‫بهداشت‬‫محیط‬
.2‫ضوابط‬‫و‬‫روشهاي‬‫مدیریت‬‫ایی‬‫ر‬‫اج‬‫پسماندهاي‬‫پزشکی‬‫و‬‫پسماندهاي‬‫وابسته‬
‫یف‬‫ر‬‫وتعا‬ ‫اصطالحات‬
•‫ي‬‫جداساز‬:‫جدا‬‫کردن‬‫باله‬‫ز‬‫ها‬‫از‬‫یکدیگر‬*
•‫یافت‬‫ز‬‫با‬:‫آیند‬‫ر‬‫ف‬‫تبدیل‬‫پسماند‬‫به‬‫مواد‬‫یا‬‫ي‬‫ژ‬‫انر‬‫قابل‬‫استف‬‫اده‬‫مجدد‬*
(‫برگرفته‬‫از‬:‫ضوابط‬‫و‬‫روشهاي‬‫مدیریت‬‫ایی‬‫ر‬‫اج‬‫پسماندهاي‬‫پزشکی‬‫و‬‫پسماندهاي‬‫وابسته‬)
Waste sorting: Is the process by which waste is separated into
different elements, manually or automatically*.
Waste segregation: Dividing waste into dry and wet*.
* Tchobanoglous, 2003, Handbook of Waste Management
.
‫یف‬‫ر‬‫وتعا‬ ‫اصطالحات‬
Cytostatic: suppressing the growth and multiplication of the cell
(WHO, 2014).
Antineoplastic: inhibiting the development of abnormal tissue
growth (WHO, 2014)
Genotoxic waste: is highly hazardous and may have
mutagenic (capable of inducing a genetic mutation), teratogenic
(capable of causing defects in an embryo or fetus) or carcinogenic
(cancer-causing) properties(WHO, 2014).
Technically, genotoxic means toxic to the deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA).
•‫کاهش‬‫در‬‫منبع‬‫تولید‬(Source Reduction):‫کاهش‬‫حجم‬‫و‬/‫یا‬‫سمیت‬‫پسماند‬
‫تولید‬‫شده‬*.
•‫یافت‬‫ز‬‫با‬(Recycling):‫یک‬‫ایند‬‫ر‬‫ف‬‫احیاء‬‫منبع‬‫با‬‫هدف‬‫جمع‬‫ی‬‫ر‬‫آو‬‫و‬‫استفاده‬‫مجدد‬
‫از‬‫مواد‬‫شمند‬‫ز‬‫ار‬‫موجود‬‫در‬‫جریان‬‫پسماند‬‫جهت‬‫تولید‬‫ل‬‫محصو‬‫جدید‬‫است‬.‫در‬
‫برنامه‬‫یافت‬‫ز‬‫با‬‫پسماند‬‫به‬‫عنوان‬‫ماده‬‫خام‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫مو‬‫استفاده‬‫می‬‫شود‬.‫مانند‬‫ب‬‫رنامه‬‫های‬
‫احیاء‬،‫شیشه‬‫آلومینیوم‬،‫پالستیک‬‫و‬‫آهن‬*.
•‫احیاء‬(Recovery):‫ی‬‫جداساز‬‫انتخابی‬‫برخی‬‫مواد‬‫از‬‫جریان‬‫تولید‬‫پسماند‬‫به‬
‫ر‬‫منظو‬‫انجام‬‫عملیات‬‫یافت‬‫ز‬‫با‬‫و‬/‫یا‬‫کمپوست‬(WHO,2014).
‫یف‬‫ر‬‫وتعا‬ ‫اصطالحات‬
•‫استفاده‬‫مجدد‬(Reuse):‫استفاده‬‫از‬‫ماده‬‫ائد‬‫ز‬‫ن‬‫بدو‬‫تغیير‬‫ساختار‬
‫اصلی‬‫جهت‬‫همان‬‫مصرف‬‫اولیه‬‫یا‬‫ف‬‫ر‬‫مصا‬‫دیگر‬*.
* Tchobanoglous, 2003, Handbook of Waste Management
‫مقدمه‬
‫وابسته‬ ‫پسماندهاي‬‫و‬‫پزشکی‬‫پسماندهاي‬‫ایی‬‫ر‬‫اج‬ ‫مدیریت‬‫شهاي‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫ضوابط‬ ‫ای‬‫ر‬‫اج‬‫اهداف‬:
‫عفونت‬ ‫انتقال‬‫نجيره‬‫ز‬
The spread of nosocomial infections
•‫یست‬‫ز‬‫محیط‬‫ي‬‫بهساز‬‫و‬‫حفاظت‬‫ن‬‫قانو‬(‫خرداد‬53‫آبان‬‫اصالحیه‬71)*
•‫پنجاهم‬‫اصل‬(50)‫ان‬‫ر‬‫ای‬‫اسالمی‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫جمهو‬ ‫ی‬ ‫اساس‬‫ن‬‫قانو‬*
•‫پسماند‬ ‫مدیریت‬‫ن‬‫قانو‬(‫خرداد‬83)*(1)
•‫پسماندها‬ ‫مدیریت‬‫ن‬‫قانو‬ ‫ایی‬‫ر‬‫اج‬‫نامه‬‫آئين‬(‫مرداد‬84)*(2)
•‫پزشكي‬‫برنده‬‫و‬ ‫تيز‬‫پسماندهاي‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫آو‬‫جمع‬ ‫اي‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫مصرف‬‫يكبار‬‫ف‬‫و‬‫ظر‬-‫ن‬‫مو‬‫ز‬‫آ‬‫شهاي‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫ويژگيها‬(‫اسفند‬84)*(3)
•‫وابسته‬‫پسماندهاي‬‫و‬‫پزشکی‬‫پسماندهاي‬‫ایی‬‫ر‬‫اج‬ ‫مدیریت‬‫شهاي‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ضوابط‬(‫دیبهشت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬87)(4)
•‫پزشکی‬‫پسماند‬‫خطرساز‬‫بی‬‫ز‬‫سو‬‫غير‬ ‫های‬‫دستگاه‬‫تهیه‬‫نحوه‬‫و‬ ‫انتخاب‬‫العمل‬‫ر‬‫دستو‬‫و‬‫اهنما‬‫ر‬(5)
‫ها‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫ر‬‫دستو‬ ،‫ضوابط‬ ،‫قوانين‬
•‫خطرسا‬‫بی‬‫ز‬‫غيرسو‬ ‫هاي‬‫دستگاه‬‫مکانیکی‬‫و‬‫شیمیایی‬ ،‫بی‬‫و‬‫میکر‬‫پایش‬‫و‬ ‫عملکرد‬‫یابی‬‫ز‬‫ار‬‫العمل‬‫ر‬‫دستو‬‫پسماند‬‫ز‬
(‫تابستان‬90)(6)
•‫برنده‬‫و‬ ‫تيز‬‫و‬‫عفونی‬‫پسماند‬‫ی‬‫خطرساز‬‫بی‬‫نامه‬‫اظهار‬‫تکمیل‬‫نحوه‬‫العمل‬‫ر‬‫دستو‬(‫مهر‬90)(7)
•‫ض‬‫و‬‫مانی‬‫ر‬‫د‬‫و‬‫بهداشتی‬‫مراکز‬‫و‬‫ستانها‬‫ر‬‫بیما‬‫در‬‫ویژه‬‫پزشکی‬ ‫پسماندهاي‬ ‫اجرایی‬‫مدیریت‬ ‫العمل‬‫ر‬‫دستو‬‫ي‬‫واگذار‬‫وابط‬
‫حقوقی‬‫و‬ ‫حقیقی‬‫اشخاص‬ ‫به‬ ‫آن‬(8)
•‫محیط‬‫بهداشت‬‫سین‬‫ر‬‫باز‬ ‫برای‬ ‫پسماندها‬ ‫بندی‬‫طبقه‬ ‫اهنمای‬‫ر‬(9)
•‫پزشكي‬ ‫پسماند‬‫مدیریت‬‫ش‬‫ز‬‫آمو‬‫برنامه‬‫محتوای‬‫و‬‫سرفصلها‬ ‫اهنمای‬‫ر‬(10)
•‫پزشکی‬ ‫پسماندهاي‬‫ي‬‫ساز‬‫خطر‬‫بی‬ ‫ي‬‫گذار‬‫صحه‬‫و‬‫پایش‬‫در‬ ‫ي‬‫اظهار‬ ‫خود‬‫العمل‬‫ر‬‫دستو‬*(11)
•‫جهانی‬‫بهداشت‬‫مان‬‫ز‬‫سا‬ ،‫پزشکی‬ ‫پسماندهای‬‫مدیریت‬*
‫ها‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫ر‬‫دستو‬ ،‫ضوابط‬ ،‫قوانين‬
‫پزشکی‬‫پسماندهای‬ ‫بندی‬ ‫طبقه‬
(WHO)
1999: 2014:
‫پزشکی‬ ‫پسماندهای‬ ‫بندی‬ ‫طبقه‬
(‫از‬‫برگرفته‬:‫وابسته‬ ‫پسماندهاي‬‫و‬‫پزشکی‬‫پسماندهاي‬‫ایی‬‫ر‬‫اج‬ ‫مدیریت‬‫شهاي‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ضوابط‬)
•‫دوم‬‫فصل‬(‫یف‬‫ر‬‫تعا‬-‫ماده‬2‫ث‬:)
‫پزشكي‬ ‫پسماند‬ ‫اصلي‬ ‫دسته‬ ‫چهار‬:
.1‫عفوني‬ ‫پسماند‬
.2‫برنده‬ ‫و‬ ‫تيز‬ ‫پسماند‬
.3‫يي‬‫و‬‫دار‬ ‫و‬ ‫شیمیايي‬ ‫پسماند‬
.4‫عادي‬ ‫پسماند‬
‫پزشکی‬ ‫پسماندهای‬ ‫بندی‬ ‫طبقه‬
(‫از‬‫برگرفته‬:‫وابسته‬ ‫پسماندهاي‬‫و‬‫پزشکی‬‫پسماندهاي‬‫ایی‬‫ر‬‫اج‬ ‫مدیریت‬‫شهاي‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ضوابط‬)
•‫م‬‫ر‬‫چها‬‫فصل‬(‫پزشکی‬‫پسماندهای‬‫بندی‬‫طبقه‬-‫ماده‬9:)
‫باشد‬ ‫می‬ ‫ذیل‬ ‫شرح‬ ‫به‬ ‫پزشکی‬ ‫پسماندهای‬ ‫بندی‬ ‫طبقه‬:
.1‫عادي‬(‫خانگي‬ ‫شبه‬)
.2‫پزشكي‬‫هاي‬ ‫اقبت‬‫ر‬‫م‬ ‫از‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ناش‬ ‫پسماندهاي‬(‫ويژه‬‫پزشكي‬ ‫پسماندهاي‬)‫تاي‬‫ید‬
،‫شدهاست‬«‫ان‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ز‬‫و‬ ‫هیئت‬ ‫نامه‬ ‫تصويب‬ ‫پیوست‬»‫ه‬‫ر‬‫شما‬ ‫پیوست‬ ‫ل‬‫جدو‬ ‫در‬(*١)
‫است‬‫شده‬ ‫ايه‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫پسماندها‬‫اين‬ ‫تفصیلي‬‫شرح‬‫فهرست‬ ‫مهر‬ ‫به‬‫كه‬.
‫ویژه‬ ‫پزشکی‬ ‫پسماندهای‬ ‫انواع‬ ‫شرح‬
(‫از‬‫برگرفته‬:‫وابسته‬ ‫پسماندهاي‬‫و‬‫پزشکی‬‫پسماندهاي‬‫ایی‬‫ر‬‫اج‬ ‫مدیریت‬‫شهاي‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ضوابط‬)*
‫ویژه‬ ‫پزشکی‬ ‫پسماندهای‬ ‫انواع‬ ‫شرح‬
(‫از‬‫برگرفته‬:‫وابسته‬ ‫پسماندهاي‬‫و‬‫پزشکی‬‫پسماندهاي‬‫ایی‬‫ر‬‫اج‬ ‫مدیریت‬‫شهاي‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ضوابط‬)*
‫ویژه‬ ‫پزشکی‬ ‫پسماندهای‬ ‫انواع‬ ‫شرح‬
(‫از‬‫برگرفته‬:‫وابسته‬ ‫پسماندهاي‬‫و‬‫پزشکی‬‫پسماندهاي‬‫ایی‬‫ر‬‫اج‬ ‫مدیریت‬‫شهاي‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ضوابط‬)*
‫ویژه‬ ‫پزشکی‬ ‫پسماندهای‬ ‫انواع‬ ‫شرح‬
(‫از‬‫برگرفته‬:‫وابسته‬ ‫پسماندهاي‬‫و‬‫پزشکی‬‫پسماندهاي‬‫ایی‬‫ر‬‫اج‬ ‫مدیریت‬‫شهاي‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ضوابط‬)*
‫ویژه‬ ‫پزشکی‬ ‫پسماندهای‬ ‫انواع‬ ‫شرح‬
(‫از‬‫برگرفته‬:‫وابسته‬ ‫پسماندهاي‬‫و‬‫پزشکی‬‫پسماندهاي‬‫ایی‬‫ر‬‫اج‬ ‫مدیریت‬‫شهاي‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ضوابط‬)*
‫ویژه‬ ‫پزشکی‬ ‫پسماندهای‬ ‫انواع‬ ‫شرح‬
(‫از‬‫برگرفته‬:‫وابسته‬ ‫پسماندهاي‬‫و‬‫پزشکی‬‫پسماندهاي‬‫ایی‬‫ر‬‫اج‬ ‫مدیریت‬‫شهاي‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ضوابط‬)
‫ویژه‬ ‫پزشکی‬ ‫پسماندهای‬ ‫انواع‬ ‫شرح‬
(‫از‬‫برگرفته‬:‫وابسته‬ ‫پسماندهاي‬‫و‬‫پزشکی‬‫پسماندهاي‬‫ایی‬‫ر‬‫اج‬ ‫مدیریت‬‫شهاي‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ضوابط‬)*
‫ویژه‬ ‫پزشکی‬ ‫پسماندهای‬ ‫انواع‬ ‫شرح‬
(‫از‬‫برگرفته‬:‫وابسته‬ ‫پسماندهاي‬‫و‬‫پزشکی‬‫پسماندهاي‬‫ایی‬‫ر‬‫اج‬ ‫مدیریت‬‫شهاي‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ضوابط‬)*
Qom University of Medical Sciences
Department of Environmental Health Engineering
Any Question?
Healthcare waste management in Iran
Healthcare waste management in Iran
Healthcare waste management in Iran

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Healthcare waste management in Iran