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Managing PMSManaging PMS
&&
EndometriosisEndometriosis
Happy
Hormones?
PMT - APMT - A
ANXIETY
IRRITABILITY
MOOD SWINGS
NERVOUS TENSION
PMT HPMT H
(HYDRATION)
WEIGHT GAIN
SWELLING OF EXTREMITIES
BREAST TENDERNESS
ABDOMINAL BLOATING
PMT - CPMT - C
CRAVING FOR SWEETS
HEADACHE
INCREASED APPETITE
HEART POUNDING
FATIGUE
DIZZINESS OR FAINTING
PMT - DPMT - D
DEPRESSION
FORGETFULNESS
CRYING
CONFUSION
INSOMNIA
DEGREE OFDEGREE OF
PMT SUFFERINGPMT SUFFERING
THE TOTAL NUMBER OF SUFFERERS - 73.6%
OUT OF THE SUFFERERS WHICH IS A
TOTAL OF 368 OUT OF 500:
25.8% ARE SEVERE SUFFERERS
39.7% ARE MODERATE SUFFERERS
34.5% ARE MILD SUFFERERS
SOCIAL IMPLICATIONSSOCIAL IMPLICATIONS
A study on 1000 patients to examine the social
implications of PMS
We found that :
79% of the women in the sample admitted
being violent and aggressive while suffering
with PMS and
94% felt depressed for up to two weeks before
their period
SOCIAL IMPLICATIONSSOCIAL IMPLICATIONS
11 years on……..
The WNAS conducted a parallel study
showing similar results which is why we
offer such a comprehensive service.
SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS IISOCIAL IMPLICATIONS II
16 years on……..
The results were even more astounding
which is why urgent attention is needed.
MENTAL PMS WELL-BEINGMENTAL PMS WELL-BEING
1986 1997 2001
CONTEMPLATED 41.4% 52% 57%
SUICIDE
ATTEMPTED 5.8% 9% 7%
SUICIDE
WORK LIFE & EFFICIENCYWORK LIFE & EFFICIENCY
1986 1997 2001
PERCENTAGE OF
WOMEN
WHICH FELT THAT 92.7% 94.2% 81%
THEIR
PRODUCTIVITY/
EFFICIENCY WAS
AFFECTED
WNAS SURVEY OF 1000WNAS SURVEY OF 1000
GP’SGP’S
92% admitted to having little or no92% admitted to having little or no
nutritional trainingnutritional training
79% wanted to be educated79% wanted to be educated
THE WNAS PROGRAMMETHE WNAS PROGRAMME
1. DIETARY CHANGES
2. SUPPLEMENTS - VITAMINS & MINERALS
3. MODERATE EXERCISE
4. THE WNAS HELP LINE
NO MORE PMS!NO MORE PMS!
THIS SELF-HELP BOOK INCLUDES THE LATEST ADVICE ON
THE CAUSES OF PMS
IN-DEPTH PERSONAL STORIES
PRECISE DIETARY CHANGES, SUPPORTED
BY SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATION
THE ROLE OF SUPPLEMENTS
WHY REGULAR EXERCISE IS SO
IMPORTANT
WNAS SUCCESSWNAS SUCCESS
PMS ProgrammePMS Programme
.
Self Assessment after 3 months
96.5% OF 200 WOMEN CONSIDERED THERE WAS A
SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT OR COMPLETE
CLEARANCE OF PMS SYMPTOMS AFTER THREE
MONTHS OF A DIETARY AND NUTRITIONAL
SUPPLEMENT PROGRAMME
Stewart AC., Tooley, S., Stewart, M. The effect of a nutritional programme on
premenstrual syndrome: a retrospective analysis The Journal of the Research Council
for Complementary Medicine 0268-4055 1991
CASE HISTORYCASE HISTORY
SARAH, A 37 YEAR OLD NURSE FELT NORMAL FOR ONLY ONE WEEK
IN HER CYCLE
BEFORE
TERRIBLE BLOATING
SWOLLEN BREASTS
CONSTANT ANXIETY
PALPITATIONS
VIOLENT, VERBAL RAGES
AFTER FOUR MONTHS ON THE WNAS PROGRAMME
I CAN HONESTLY SAY MY SYMPTOMS HAVE ALL DISAPPEARED
I’M NOW THE PERSON I USED TO BE
I HAVE MY LIFE BACK & IT’S WONDERFUL!
THANK YOU SO MUCH WNAS
TEA & IRON ABSORPTIONTEA & IRON ABSORPTION
0
10
20
%ironabsorption
without tea
with tea
IRON DEFICIENCYIRON DEFICIENCY
EFFECTSEFFECTS
Fatigue, shortness ofFatigue, shortness of Sore tongue, mouthSore tongue, mouth
ulcersulcers
breath, palpitationsbreath, palpitations
Cracking at the cornersCracking at the corners Poor hair growth,Poor hair growth,
of the mouthof the mouth split/brittle nailssplit/brittle nails
Recurrent candidaRecurrent candida Poor concentrationPoor concentration
infectionsinfections
IRON & PERIOD PROBLEMS
 Anaemia present in 4% of UK women of
child-bearing age and a further 10% have
mild deficiency (low serum ferritin)
 Anaemia or mild deficiency can cause
fatigue, poor concentration, poor scalp hair
growth. Split/brittle nails.
 Serum iron falls 4 days before onset of
menstruation
Good Sources of IronGood Sources of Iron
Meat
eggs
chicken
fortified breakfast cereals
 bread
 green vegetables
MAGNESIUM & PMS
 Approximately 50 - 80% of women with
PMS have low red cell magnesium
 Supplements of Magnesium (300mg/day)
with or without vitamin B are of proven
benefit
 Dietary intakes in the UK are low (below
the LRNI) in up to 50% of teenage girls
and 5-10% of adult women
FUNCTIONS OF MAGNESIUMFUNCTIONS OF MAGNESIUM
Normal Brain Chemical Metabolism
Normal Hormone Function
Normal Relaxation and Control of
Muscle: - Uterus
- Gut
- Skeletal muscle
MAGNESIUM BALANCEMAGNESIUM BALANCE
Upset by an excess of:
Coffee
Salt
Alcohol
Sugar
Bran
GOOD SOURCES OF MAGNESIUMGOOD SOURCES OF MAGNESIUM
 wholegrain cereals
 green vegetables
 nuts & seeds
 and unprocessed foods
CALORIE CONSUMPTIONCALORIE CONSUMPTION
PRE-MENSTRUALLYPRE-MENSTRUALLY
INCREASED CALORIEINCREASED CALORIE
CONSUMPTION IN THECONSUMPTION IN THE
PRE-MENSTRUAL WEEK BYPRE-MENSTRUAL WEEK BY
500 CALORIES500 CALORIES
KEY ADVICEKEY ADVICE
REDUCE INTAKE OF SUGAR AND JUNK FOODSREDUCE INTAKE OF SUGAR AND JUNK FOODS
REDUCE INTAKE OF SALTREDUCE INTAKE OF SALT
REDUCE INTAKE OF TEA AND COFFEEREDUCE INTAKE OF TEA AND COFFEE
EAT GREEN VEGETABLES OR SALAD DAILYEAT GREEN VEGETABLES OR SALAD DAILY
LIMIT INTAKE OF DAIRY PRODUCTSLIMIT INTAKE OF DAIRY PRODUCTS
REDUCE INTAKE OF TOBACCO AND ALCOHOLREDUCE INTAKE OF TOBACCO AND ALCOHOL
EAT PLENTY OF WHOLEFOODSEAT PLENTY OF WHOLEFOODS
HAVE REGULAR EXERCISEHAVE REGULAR EXERCISE
DAILY YOGA , MEDITATION OR FORMAL RELAXATIONDAILY YOGA , MEDITATION OR FORMAL RELAXATION
SNACK LISTSNACK LIST
FRESH FRUIT, NUTS & SEEDSFRESH FRUIT, NUTS & SEEDS
A BAG OF NUTS & RAISINSA BAG OF NUTS & RAISINS
DREID FRUIT AN NUT BARDREID FRUIT AN NUT BAR
RAW VEGETABLES & DIPS LIKE HOUMMUS ORRAW VEGETABLES & DIPS LIKE HOUMMUS OR
GUACAMOLEGUACAMOLE
SOYA NUTSSOYA NUTS
EDAMAME BEANSEDAMAME BEANS
BEVERAGESBEVERAGES
ANY HERB TEA INCLUDING ROOIBOSH TEA,ANY HERB TEA INCLUDING ROOIBOSH TEA,
GINSENG, FENNEL OR FRUIT TEAGINSENG, FENNEL OR FRUIT TEA
COFFEE SUBSTITUTES INCLUDING CARO,COFFEE SUBSTITUTES INCLUDING CARO,
DANDELION COFFEE AND BARLEY CUPDANDELION COFFEE AND BARLEY CUP
COLD DRINKSCOLD DRINKS
PLENTY OF FILTERED OR BOTTLED WATERPLENTY OF FILTERED OR BOTTLED WATER
SMALL AMOUNTS OF CARBONATE WATERSMALL AMOUNTS OF CARBONATE WATER
MANAGINGMANAGING
ENDOMETRIOSISENDOMETRIOSIS
Endometriosis isEndometriosis is
oestrogen dependentoestrogen dependent
which means it feeds offwhich means it feeds off
oestrogen.oestrogen.
17β-estradiol Isoflavone
OH
OH
CH3
H
H O
O
O
O
Isoflavones bind to estrogen receptor onIsoflavones bind to estrogen receptor on
cells in the human body, and can “Mimic”cells in the human body, and can “Mimic”
some of the actions of estrogensome of the actions of estrogen
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN OESTROGEN &
PHYTOESTROGEN
The similarity to oestrogenThe similarity to oestrogen
Research shows that they
moderate oestrogen at the
oestrogen receptor sites
within the cells thus
preventing the uptake of
excess oestrogen by the
body.
ISOFLAVONESISOFLAVONES
Isoflavones are naturalIsoflavones are natural
plant compoundsplant compounds
Found in legumes e.g.Found in legumes e.g.
lentils, clover, chickpeas,lentils, clover, chickpeas,
beans, soybeans, soy
Soy and Red Clover are theSoy and Red Clover are the
richest natural sources ofrichest natural sources of
isoflavonesisoflavones
ISOFLAVONE CONTENT OF FOOD
250ml glass of soya milk = at least 10mgs
Phyto Muesli with soya milk + Linseeds = 30mgs
Ramikin of whipped soya dessert = 20mgs
Soya fruit shake = 20mgs
Slice of soya and linseed loaf = 10mgs
Soya yoghurt = 10mgs
100g serving of tofu = 25mgs
Approximate
phytoestrogen content
SAMPLE PHYTO-RICHSAMPLE PHYTO-RICH
BREAKFASTSBREAKFASTS
 Phyto museli with a piece of
chopped fresh fruit and soya milk
 Bio yoghurt with a piece of
chopped fresh fruit, pumpkin seeds,
sunflower seeds and golden linseeds
 Banana or fruit smoothie
Toasted wheat free soya and
linseed loaf with scrambled eggs and
grilled mushrooms
 Porridge oats soaked in soya milk,
chopped dried organic apricots,
sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds and
golden linseeds
SAMPLE PHYTO-RICHSAMPLE PHYTO-RICH
LUNCHESLUNCHES
 Omelette made with soya milk
A jacket potato with hummus
 Lentil or bean soup
 Stir-fried tofu and mixed vegetables
with rice
 Rice salad with pumpkin seeds,
sunflower seeds and edamame beans
 250 ml glass of soya milk with the
lunch of your choice
Nicoise Salad
SAMPLE PHYTO-RICHSAMPLE PHYTO-RICH
DINNERSDINNERS
Preserved Lemon Risotto with Flaked
Salmon & Asparagus
Tofu kebabs with satay sauce and stir-
fried vegetables
Tofu risotto
Prawn and tofu kebabs with rice and
salad
Refried beans with rice, corn chips
and avocado
Stir-fried tofu and vegetables with
rice noodles
Chicken and tofu kebabs with tamari
and ginger dressing
PHYTO-RICH DRINKSPHYTO-RICH DRINKS
Banana Mango Whip
Rhubarb and blackberry
smoothie
 Peach whizz
 Banana shake
 Banana raisin whip
 Frothy soya milk with honey
Creamy banana date shake
www.maryonstewart.comwww.maryonstewart.com
email: enquiries@maryonstewart.comemail: enquiries@maryonstewart.com
Telephone: 01273 609699Telephone: 01273 609699
Twitter: @maryonstewartTwitter: @maryonstewart
Staying in the Driving Seat!
Websites and Contact Details

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Controlling PMS & Endometriosis

  • 3. PMT - APMT - A ANXIETY IRRITABILITY MOOD SWINGS NERVOUS TENSION
  • 4. PMT HPMT H (HYDRATION) WEIGHT GAIN SWELLING OF EXTREMITIES BREAST TENDERNESS ABDOMINAL BLOATING
  • 5. PMT - CPMT - C CRAVING FOR SWEETS HEADACHE INCREASED APPETITE HEART POUNDING FATIGUE DIZZINESS OR FAINTING
  • 6. PMT - DPMT - D DEPRESSION FORGETFULNESS CRYING CONFUSION INSOMNIA
  • 7. DEGREE OFDEGREE OF PMT SUFFERINGPMT SUFFERING THE TOTAL NUMBER OF SUFFERERS - 73.6% OUT OF THE SUFFERERS WHICH IS A TOTAL OF 368 OUT OF 500: 25.8% ARE SEVERE SUFFERERS 39.7% ARE MODERATE SUFFERERS 34.5% ARE MILD SUFFERERS
  • 8. SOCIAL IMPLICATIONSSOCIAL IMPLICATIONS A study on 1000 patients to examine the social implications of PMS We found that : 79% of the women in the sample admitted being violent and aggressive while suffering with PMS and 94% felt depressed for up to two weeks before their period
  • 9. SOCIAL IMPLICATIONSSOCIAL IMPLICATIONS 11 years on…….. The WNAS conducted a parallel study showing similar results which is why we offer such a comprehensive service.
  • 10. SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS IISOCIAL IMPLICATIONS II 16 years on…….. The results were even more astounding which is why urgent attention is needed.
  • 11. MENTAL PMS WELL-BEINGMENTAL PMS WELL-BEING 1986 1997 2001 CONTEMPLATED 41.4% 52% 57% SUICIDE ATTEMPTED 5.8% 9% 7% SUICIDE
  • 12. WORK LIFE & EFFICIENCYWORK LIFE & EFFICIENCY 1986 1997 2001 PERCENTAGE OF WOMEN WHICH FELT THAT 92.7% 94.2% 81% THEIR PRODUCTIVITY/ EFFICIENCY WAS AFFECTED
  • 13. WNAS SURVEY OF 1000WNAS SURVEY OF 1000 GP’SGP’S 92% admitted to having little or no92% admitted to having little or no nutritional trainingnutritional training 79% wanted to be educated79% wanted to be educated
  • 14. THE WNAS PROGRAMMETHE WNAS PROGRAMME 1. DIETARY CHANGES 2. SUPPLEMENTS - VITAMINS & MINERALS 3. MODERATE EXERCISE 4. THE WNAS HELP LINE
  • 15. NO MORE PMS!NO MORE PMS! THIS SELF-HELP BOOK INCLUDES THE LATEST ADVICE ON THE CAUSES OF PMS IN-DEPTH PERSONAL STORIES PRECISE DIETARY CHANGES, SUPPORTED BY SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATION THE ROLE OF SUPPLEMENTS WHY REGULAR EXERCISE IS SO IMPORTANT
  • 16. WNAS SUCCESSWNAS SUCCESS PMS ProgrammePMS Programme . Self Assessment after 3 months 96.5% OF 200 WOMEN CONSIDERED THERE WAS A SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT OR COMPLETE CLEARANCE OF PMS SYMPTOMS AFTER THREE MONTHS OF A DIETARY AND NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT PROGRAMME Stewart AC., Tooley, S., Stewart, M. The effect of a nutritional programme on premenstrual syndrome: a retrospective analysis The Journal of the Research Council for Complementary Medicine 0268-4055 1991
  • 17. CASE HISTORYCASE HISTORY SARAH, A 37 YEAR OLD NURSE FELT NORMAL FOR ONLY ONE WEEK IN HER CYCLE BEFORE TERRIBLE BLOATING SWOLLEN BREASTS CONSTANT ANXIETY PALPITATIONS VIOLENT, VERBAL RAGES AFTER FOUR MONTHS ON THE WNAS PROGRAMME I CAN HONESTLY SAY MY SYMPTOMS HAVE ALL DISAPPEARED I’M NOW THE PERSON I USED TO BE I HAVE MY LIFE BACK & IT’S WONDERFUL! THANK YOU SO MUCH WNAS
  • 18. TEA & IRON ABSORPTIONTEA & IRON ABSORPTION 0 10 20 %ironabsorption without tea with tea
  • 19. IRON DEFICIENCYIRON DEFICIENCY EFFECTSEFFECTS Fatigue, shortness ofFatigue, shortness of Sore tongue, mouthSore tongue, mouth ulcersulcers breath, palpitationsbreath, palpitations Cracking at the cornersCracking at the corners Poor hair growth,Poor hair growth, of the mouthof the mouth split/brittle nailssplit/brittle nails Recurrent candidaRecurrent candida Poor concentrationPoor concentration infectionsinfections
  • 20. IRON & PERIOD PROBLEMS  Anaemia present in 4% of UK women of child-bearing age and a further 10% have mild deficiency (low serum ferritin)  Anaemia or mild deficiency can cause fatigue, poor concentration, poor scalp hair growth. Split/brittle nails.  Serum iron falls 4 days before onset of menstruation
  • 21. Good Sources of IronGood Sources of Iron Meat eggs chicken fortified breakfast cereals  bread  green vegetables
  • 22. MAGNESIUM & PMS  Approximately 50 - 80% of women with PMS have low red cell magnesium  Supplements of Magnesium (300mg/day) with or without vitamin B are of proven benefit  Dietary intakes in the UK are low (below the LRNI) in up to 50% of teenage girls and 5-10% of adult women
  • 23. FUNCTIONS OF MAGNESIUMFUNCTIONS OF MAGNESIUM Normal Brain Chemical Metabolism Normal Hormone Function Normal Relaxation and Control of Muscle: - Uterus - Gut - Skeletal muscle
  • 24. MAGNESIUM BALANCEMAGNESIUM BALANCE Upset by an excess of: Coffee Salt Alcohol Sugar Bran
  • 25. GOOD SOURCES OF MAGNESIUMGOOD SOURCES OF MAGNESIUM  wholegrain cereals  green vegetables  nuts & seeds  and unprocessed foods
  • 26. CALORIE CONSUMPTIONCALORIE CONSUMPTION PRE-MENSTRUALLYPRE-MENSTRUALLY INCREASED CALORIEINCREASED CALORIE CONSUMPTION IN THECONSUMPTION IN THE PRE-MENSTRUAL WEEK BYPRE-MENSTRUAL WEEK BY 500 CALORIES500 CALORIES
  • 27. KEY ADVICEKEY ADVICE REDUCE INTAKE OF SUGAR AND JUNK FOODSREDUCE INTAKE OF SUGAR AND JUNK FOODS REDUCE INTAKE OF SALTREDUCE INTAKE OF SALT REDUCE INTAKE OF TEA AND COFFEEREDUCE INTAKE OF TEA AND COFFEE EAT GREEN VEGETABLES OR SALAD DAILYEAT GREEN VEGETABLES OR SALAD DAILY LIMIT INTAKE OF DAIRY PRODUCTSLIMIT INTAKE OF DAIRY PRODUCTS REDUCE INTAKE OF TOBACCO AND ALCOHOLREDUCE INTAKE OF TOBACCO AND ALCOHOL EAT PLENTY OF WHOLEFOODSEAT PLENTY OF WHOLEFOODS HAVE REGULAR EXERCISEHAVE REGULAR EXERCISE DAILY YOGA , MEDITATION OR FORMAL RELAXATIONDAILY YOGA , MEDITATION OR FORMAL RELAXATION
  • 28. SNACK LISTSNACK LIST FRESH FRUIT, NUTS & SEEDSFRESH FRUIT, NUTS & SEEDS A BAG OF NUTS & RAISINSA BAG OF NUTS & RAISINS DREID FRUIT AN NUT BARDREID FRUIT AN NUT BAR RAW VEGETABLES & DIPS LIKE HOUMMUS ORRAW VEGETABLES & DIPS LIKE HOUMMUS OR GUACAMOLEGUACAMOLE SOYA NUTSSOYA NUTS EDAMAME BEANSEDAMAME BEANS
  • 29. BEVERAGESBEVERAGES ANY HERB TEA INCLUDING ROOIBOSH TEA,ANY HERB TEA INCLUDING ROOIBOSH TEA, GINSENG, FENNEL OR FRUIT TEAGINSENG, FENNEL OR FRUIT TEA COFFEE SUBSTITUTES INCLUDING CARO,COFFEE SUBSTITUTES INCLUDING CARO, DANDELION COFFEE AND BARLEY CUPDANDELION COFFEE AND BARLEY CUP COLD DRINKSCOLD DRINKS PLENTY OF FILTERED OR BOTTLED WATERPLENTY OF FILTERED OR BOTTLED WATER SMALL AMOUNTS OF CARBONATE WATERSMALL AMOUNTS OF CARBONATE WATER
  • 30. MANAGINGMANAGING ENDOMETRIOSISENDOMETRIOSIS Endometriosis isEndometriosis is oestrogen dependentoestrogen dependent which means it feeds offwhich means it feeds off oestrogen.oestrogen.
  • 31. 17β-estradiol Isoflavone OH OH CH3 H H O O O O Isoflavones bind to estrogen receptor onIsoflavones bind to estrogen receptor on cells in the human body, and can “Mimic”cells in the human body, and can “Mimic” some of the actions of estrogensome of the actions of estrogen SIMILARITIES BETWEEN OESTROGEN & PHYTOESTROGEN
  • 32. The similarity to oestrogenThe similarity to oestrogen Research shows that they moderate oestrogen at the oestrogen receptor sites within the cells thus preventing the uptake of excess oestrogen by the body.
  • 33. ISOFLAVONESISOFLAVONES Isoflavones are naturalIsoflavones are natural plant compoundsplant compounds Found in legumes e.g.Found in legumes e.g. lentils, clover, chickpeas,lentils, clover, chickpeas, beans, soybeans, soy Soy and Red Clover are theSoy and Red Clover are the richest natural sources ofrichest natural sources of isoflavonesisoflavones
  • 34. ISOFLAVONE CONTENT OF FOOD 250ml glass of soya milk = at least 10mgs Phyto Muesli with soya milk + Linseeds = 30mgs Ramikin of whipped soya dessert = 20mgs Soya fruit shake = 20mgs Slice of soya and linseed loaf = 10mgs Soya yoghurt = 10mgs 100g serving of tofu = 25mgs Approximate phytoestrogen content
  • 35. SAMPLE PHYTO-RICHSAMPLE PHYTO-RICH BREAKFASTSBREAKFASTS  Phyto museli with a piece of chopped fresh fruit and soya milk  Bio yoghurt with a piece of chopped fresh fruit, pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds and golden linseeds  Banana or fruit smoothie Toasted wheat free soya and linseed loaf with scrambled eggs and grilled mushrooms  Porridge oats soaked in soya milk, chopped dried organic apricots, sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds and golden linseeds
  • 36. SAMPLE PHYTO-RICHSAMPLE PHYTO-RICH LUNCHESLUNCHES  Omelette made with soya milk A jacket potato with hummus  Lentil or bean soup  Stir-fried tofu and mixed vegetables with rice  Rice salad with pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds and edamame beans  250 ml glass of soya milk with the lunch of your choice Nicoise Salad
  • 37. SAMPLE PHYTO-RICHSAMPLE PHYTO-RICH DINNERSDINNERS Preserved Lemon Risotto with Flaked Salmon & Asparagus Tofu kebabs with satay sauce and stir- fried vegetables Tofu risotto Prawn and tofu kebabs with rice and salad Refried beans with rice, corn chips and avocado Stir-fried tofu and vegetables with rice noodles Chicken and tofu kebabs with tamari and ginger dressing
  • 38. PHYTO-RICH DRINKSPHYTO-RICH DRINKS Banana Mango Whip Rhubarb and blackberry smoothie  Peach whizz  Banana shake  Banana raisin whip  Frothy soya milk with honey Creamy banana date shake
  • 39. www.maryonstewart.comwww.maryonstewart.com email: enquiries@maryonstewart.comemail: enquiries@maryonstewart.com Telephone: 01273 609699Telephone: 01273 609699 Twitter: @maryonstewartTwitter: @maryonstewart Staying in the Driving Seat! Websites and Contact Details

Editor's Notes

  1. The estrogenic activity of isoflavones is relatively weak, of the order of 1000 times less than that of 17 beta-estradiol. However, when consumed in relatively large amounts, plasma levels of isoflavone active metabolites may be up to 1000 times higher than premenopausal or post-menopausal estradiol levels. At sufficiently high levels, it is possible that the isoflavones achieve comparable estrogenicity to 17 beta-estradiol.Before menopause when endogenous estrogen levels are high, isoflavones may exert anti-estrogenic activity by competitive inhibition, preventing estrogen from binding to the estrogen receptor. During and after menopause when endogenous estrogens decline isoflavones produce a surrogate estrogen effect.