60. 信 息 部/ BIM STUIDO
北 京 文 化 中 心
01B e i j i n g A r t C e n t e r
地点:北京
功能:文化综合体
结构体系:框架
主要材料:钢筋混凝土、钢材、玻璃
设计方:北京建筑设计研究院工程所
辅助设计方: 北京市建筑设计研究院bim研究室复杂形体小组
辅助设计人员:陈友文、马海东
辅助设计内容: 建筑造型优化、幕墙有理化、外壳施工图
辅助设计周期: 6个月
软件:Catia、Rhino、VS C#
数据无缝链接 案例
71. 信 息 部/ BIM STUIDO
数字模拟 案例
绍 兴 游 泳 馆
05S h a o x i n g n a t a t o r i u m
地点:绍兴
功能:游泳馆
结构体系:框架
主要材料:钢筋混凝土、钢材、玻璃
设计方:北京建筑设计研究院七所
辅助设计方: 北京市建筑设计研究院bim研
究室复杂形体小组
辅助设计人员:陈友文、陈冲、马海东
辅助设计内容: 建筑造型优化
辅助设计周期: 3个月
122. 信 息 部/ BIM STUIDO
数字建造( Fab lab) 案例
ETH MAS Final Project——数字化流程
123. 信 息 部/ BIM STUIDO
areas of higher deformation
and round section
Initial organic shapes achieved using the UF concept:
Thanks
This work is based on our Master of Advanced Studies final thesis at the ETH Zurich in 2009/2010.
We thank Ludger Hovestadt who made this project possible.
We would like to thank some persons from the Chair for their advice:
125. 信 息 部/ BIM STUIDO
140
After generating geometry data, designers have to do further detail based on it. Considering about the
property of material and physcial condition of real world, it may need to adjust the design data again. Thus,
record all the position data for developing and analyzing is indispensable.
Export model information to excel
Building skin
Facade components
Triangular frame
Record each point in excel Use point information for preliminary analysis
Fig.3 flow chart
The digital chain is based on initially predefined, basic design data. The following diagram explains the main process.
Building grid
CAD in RhinoScript
preliminary geometry analysis
data transfer
Building skin
Facade components
Triangular frame
Record each point in excel Use point information for preliminary analysis
Fig.3 flow chart
Building skin
Facade components Triangular frame
containing basic
geometry driving
data
126. 信 息 部/ BIM STUIDO
Geometry driging data
in excel
1 column per frame
Adaptive source module TYPE A- Lasercutting
CAM in Catia V5
geometry alert
Simulation & coordinates welding
1. WELDING
2. LASER CUTTING
3. CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS
excel file stores geometry
coordinates:
1 column/triangle,
24 triangles = 24 columns
Construction details & data sheet
130. 信 息 部/ BIM STUIDO
1. initialize workbench
2.model parametric data
BA
CD
A(x,y,z)
B(x,y,z)
C(x,y,z)
D(x,y,z)
Real World
RealTable
Initialization workbench
During this period, Kuka Robot measure the coodinate points (A,B,C,D) to initialize the virtual
enviroment in CAD/CAM.
132. 信 息 部/ BIM STUIDO
146
welding table according the welding simulation in CATIA V5
133. 信 息 部/ BIM STUIDO
2.model parametric data
3.export data sheet
DigitalTable
0(x,y,z)
1(x,y,z)
2(x,y,z)
3(x,y,z)
Virtual World
unfoldedform
PartBody01
PartBody02
Geometrical Set
0
1
2
3
enviroment in CAD/CAM.
Modelling parametric date
Input the coodinate points from Kuka robot, CAD/CAM software (in this case it is CATIA) generat
coodinate system base on those initial points.
Using assembly workbench to assemble the original CAD design parts into the virtual kuka
workbench .
134. 信 息 部/ BIM STUIDO
3.export data sheet
0(x,y,z)
1(x,y,z)
2(x,y,z)
3(x,y,z)
.
.
.
excel sheet
x
y
z
P0 P1 P2 P3
Using assembly workbench to assemble the original CAD design parts into the virtual kuka
workbench .
Export data sheet
The digital file which created by CAD/CAM is export to excel sheet.
This excel sheet include point locations. those point locations will control the kuka robot mechine by
KRL mechine language.
135. 信 息 部/ BIM STUIDO
4. generate KRL file
5. adapt production
adapt.dat
adapt.src
weld.dat
weld.src
Kuka Controller facilities
facilities
Serial Number
Type
02
PTP
20%Speed
onWelding
DECL E6POS XP2={X 1507.5752, Y-2322.9973, Z 866.64496,A
-108.674698,B 79.9726028,C -69.7420731,S 6,T 50,E1 55.3497086,E2
0.0,E3 0.0,E4 0.0,E5 0.0,E6 0.0}
DECL FDAT FP2={TOOL_NO 1,BASE_NO 0,IPO_FRAME
#BASE,POINT2[] " "}
DECL PDAT PPDAT2={VEL 100.0,ACC 100.0,APO_DIST 100.0,
;FOLD PTP P2 Vel= 20 % PDAT2 Tool[1]:Robacta_CMT_36
Base[0];%{PE}%R 5.4.24,%MKUKATPBASIS,%CMOVE,%VLIN,%P
1:PTP, 2:P2, 3:, 5:20, 7:PDAT2
$BWDSTART = FALSE
PDAT_ACT=PPDAT2
FDAT_ACT=FP2
BAS(#PTP_PARAMS,20)
PTP XP2
;ENDFOLD
x
y
z
P0 P1 P2 P3
0
1
2
3
Generate KRL file
Using KRL generation software , adaptting file and welding file will be generated basing on the excel
sheet file.
136. 信 息 部/ BIM STUIDO
0
1
2
3
5. adapt production
RealTable
6. weld production
weld.dat
weld.src
adapt.dat
adapt.src
Generate KRL file
Using KRL generation software , adaptting file and welding file will be generated basing on the excel
sheet file.
Adapting production
In adatting file, there are 2 or 3 points. using this points to adapt metal pieces to pricse positon. this is
a preparation step for next welding.
137. 信 息 部/ BIM STUIDO
Digital sensors provide a detailed feedback about the process
Kinematics: welding simulation in Catia
138. 信 息 部/ BIM STUIDO
0
1
2
3
RealTable
6. weld production
7. finish
weld.dat
weld.src
Adapting production
In adatting file, there are 2 or 3 points. using this points to adapt metal pieces to pricse positon. this is
a preparation step for next welding.
welding production
Kuka robot read the welding file to weld the metal pieces.
139. 信 息 部/ BIM STUIDO
weld the next edge
inflationassemled frame
welding
140. 信 息 部/ BIM STUIDO
143
facade
assembly
INSTALLATION
welding single pieces and
table simulation in CATIA V5
welding frame + inflation =
FINAL PIECE UNFOLDED FORM
143. 信 息 部/ BIM STUIDO
areas of higher deformation
and round section
Initial organic shapes achieved using the UF concept:
Thanks
This work is based on our Master of Advanced Studies final thesis at the ETH Zurich in 2009/2010.
We thank Ludger Hovestadt who made this project possible.
We would like to thank some persons from the Chair for their advice:
159. 信 息 部/ BIM STUIDO
National Beijing Olympic Stadium (CN)
2003
KAISERSROT in collaboration with Herzog & de Meuron, Basel
This is a perfect example for optimization. To do it “by hand” you sit there for weeks and whenever you intro-
duce a new beam to limit the number of too-big-red-fields you get too many too-small-black-fields and so on.
The software does not do it any different, but less tedious and much faster. And by doing so, it is able to opti-
mize the ratio of big and small fields by using the evolutionary technique of genetic algorithms. The structure is
increasing in “fitness” and becomes optimized. An example of how to get a performative grip on disorder.
Partner: Herzog + deMeuron, Basel, CH
Team: Markus Braach, Oliver Fritz
Scale: Architecture
161. 信 息 部/ BIM STUIDO
DesignYourOwnNeighbourhood
2001
Partner:
KCAP, NL (Kees Christiaanse Architects and Planners)
Team:
Markus Braach, Oliver Fritz,
Frederick Künzel (KCAP), Frank Werner (KCAP)
Scale: Urban Design
165. 信 息 部/ BIM STUIDO
Macro Thinking & Micro action
Thesis by Haidong Ma
Mentor: Benjamin Dillenburger, Michael Hansmeyer
Simulation Algorithm of
Macro Thinking & Micro action
Simulation Algorithm of
Thesis by Haidong Ma
Mentor:
Benjamin Dillenburger
Michael Hansmeyer
MALL MALL
MALL
G
G
G
B
B
B
P
P
P
P
P
P
Content
1. Context & proposal
2. Site & parameterization
3. Simulation software
3.1. algorithm-macro thinking
3.2. algorithm-micro action
3.3. software output
4. Conclusion & feedback
5. Reference
Abstract
This thesis aims to provide alternative and innovative plan models for Chinese cities that are currently under
rapid development. Using digital technology, the author strive to integrate the diverse local structure in social
166. 信 息 部/ BIM STUIDO
87
urrently under
ture in social
rization, the
as reference
entions among
base on cellular
master plan in
awn to reflect
1950
15% 20%
40%
60%
1970
1990
2010
2030
China’s Urbanization Process
professional designer
Monotonous
top down
Context
“China is undergoing a process of unprecedented urbaniza-
tion, with cities often being built from scratch in just three to
five years. Four hundred new cites will be built over the next
20years with newly urbanized populations of over 240
million. So rapid and intense is this process that consump-
tion of energy and natural resources is outstripping supply,
posing unique challenges for the creation of sustainable
Proposal output: integrate the diverse local structure in
social and spatial aspects with the ambition and demands
of city’s expansion.2
Proposal
designer
stake holder
resident
Diverse
intervention
self-organization
top down
bottom up
Context & Proposal
Current output: To achieve the fast development, cities
are considered as machines which are centrally
operated by the forces of politics and economics in
China
167. 信 息 部/ BIM STUIDO
88
Sequence Programs
1 Design
creative
school, studio, exhibition, gallery, salon, showcase…
2 Production Research workshop, studio, headquarter, gallery…
3 Module Making
production
workshop, factories…
4 Parts Manufacturing workshop, factories, logistics…
5 Assembling workshop, factories, logistics…
6 Wholesale wholesale market, mall, sale agent, logistics...
7 Retail
consumption
-
vertisement...
8 After Service
Parameterization
Infrastructures & facilities
Industry Chain
Social demand
There are six individual social demand have been parameterized in this site:
1) wholesale merchant, 2) rich wholesale businessman, 3) immigrant worker,
4) jobless immigrant, 5) local villager and 6) urban citizens.
Site description
The southern districts in Beijing are selected as a research site. Formed by
the process of self-organization, this area shows strong internal power to
grow; however, as the expansion of the city has reached here, it brought
intensive external development pressure to the area.
L, M FacilitiesS,XS Facilities
Site & Parameterization
This site has concentrated more than 460 clothing factories, ranging from
parts manufacturing, module production to assembling. Furthermore, there
are 39 big wholesale malls and market for garments, clothing materials and
XL,L,M Roads S,XS Roads
Site in Beijing
168. 信 息 部/ BIM STUIDO
infrasturcture
building behavior
social demand
adding
deleting
adapting
macro thinking micro action
industry chain
Simulation Software
Algorithm
By the influence of industry chain, infrastructures and social demand, building
behaviors try to be stable by adapting, adding or deleting.
input: rules output: masterplan
169. 信 息 部/ BIM STUIDO
90
Algorithm - macro thinking
(0,0)
(-600,-2000) (1200,-2000)
(-600,1000) (1200,1000)
define a rectangle of site area
2010.01 2020.01
DHM Develop Sequence
integrationisolation 1 2 3 4
timeline
define a time scope of site development to simplify calculation.
software initialization
Define space & time
To simplify calculation, before inputting parameter and starting
simulation, software initialize site area by rectangle ABCD and
dividing time scope as four phase from 2010 to 2020.
A B
CD
170. 信 息 部/ BIM STUIDO 91
Algorithm - macro thinking
infrasturcture input & output
input: streets & date (defined by urban designer)
output: blocks (calculated by software)
2012
2015
2020
By input of infrastructure development strategy which is defined by urban designer in different phase,
this software will output blocks which is calculated by GIS spatial algorithm.
171. 信 息 部/ BIM STUIDO
92
Algorithm - macro thinking
block input & facilities output
input output
1
L street
p0
p1
p2
p3
L street
p0
p1
p2
p3
formula
facilities’number=(5~10)/100 X street length
facilites’size=?{
if (area< 500,000sqm)
?=1;
if(area<1000,000sqm)
?=2;
if(area>1000sqm)
?=3;
}
ratio of L, M, S facilites’scale=?{
firstly, calculate the location.
then calculate the distance to main streets.
if (distance<10m)
L=0%
M=5%
if (distance<100m)
L=5%
M=10%
if(distance>100m)
L=0%
M=20%
}
block
length:
area: 250,000sqm
400m
location: 30% nearby main street
facilities
numbers:
size list
35
ratio list
According to blocks’property, software will generate facilities which are
based on access abilities. field research and urban designer’s knowledge
provided the formulas for software calculation.
a) facilities’numbers=formula(street length)
b) ratio of L, M, S facilities’scale=formula(distance to main streets).
172. 信 息 部/ BIM STUIDO
93
industry chain input & programs output
programs output (software)
1
Design
Production
Research
ModuleMaking
Parts
Manufacture
Assemble
Wholesale
Retail
After-
Service
2
3
45
6
7
8
CREA
TIVE
CONSU
M
PTION
School
Studio
Exhibition
Studio
Studio
Workshop
Headquater
Research
Lab
Exhibition
Exhibition
Workshop
Factory
Workshop
Factory
Logistics
Workshop
Factory
Logistics
Logistics
Mall
Wholesale
market
Shopping
mall
Flagship
shops
Flagship
shops
Logistics
Boutique
headquater
flagship
PRODOCUT
ION
..................
school.number
school.size
research studio.number
research studio.size
exhibition.number
exhibition.size
conference.number
conference.size
workshop.number
workshop.size
headquater.number
headquater.size
factory.number
factory.size
logistics.number
logistics.size
wholesale.number
wholesale.size
mall.number
mall.size
flagship.number
flagship.size
boutique.number
boutique.size
Algorithm - macro thinking
Industry Chain
industry sequence
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
productionreaseach
partsmanufacturing
modulparts
manufacturing
assembly
sale
afterservice
economicbenefit
industry chain phase input (urban designer)
1 2 3 4
According to industry chain phase
which is based on industry development
discipline and inputted by urban
designer, this software will output
programs which is calculated by
industry-related database.
173. 信 息 部/ BIM STUIDO
94
output: anchors location and identity(programs and intensity)
LOG.
When the interventional
simulation starts, all anchors
strive for optimization in their
built-in demands. After a
certain amount of time,
equilibrium is achieved and
the process stops. Triggered
by the anchors, spatial
properties are generated
automatically based on the
influence from the anchors.
The closer to the anchor, the
greater influence it has.
Gradient color is used to
display spatial properties,
where a darker color indicates
a greater influence and vice
versa.
Through this method,
software can generate various
distribution patterns. Then,
designers can select one for
Algorithm - macro thinking
anchors input (urban designer)
output (software)
school
research/studio
exhibition
conference
workshop
headquater
factory
logistics
wholesale
mall
flagship
boutique
1logistics
anchor
2education
anchor
3fashion
anchor
4conference
anchor
related building programs output
social demand
Algorithm
rules: neighbor
1) neighbor.num
neighbor.radi
2) facilities distru
S facilities
>= 10(distanc
M facilities
L facilites
3) anchors sequ
MALL
G
G
B
B
fa
local urban villag
174. 信 息 部/ BIM STUIDO
95oftware)
village buildings
merchant family
studio/worker
education/researcher
local urban villager
logistics server
factory/worker
In this area, there are six living patterns. During
the step of intervention, the anchors create
environment to attract new groups of people,
such as designers, researchers, and so on. To
simulate this process, we adopt the concept of
tolerance value from Micromotives and
Macrobehavious3 by Thomas Schelling (1978).
The principle is that people select where they live
and work depending on similarities in neighbor-
hood (including cultural and social quality). The
tolerance value is introduced to the new comers
and is defined as the number of similar neighbor-
hoods in the vicinity. For example, if there is no
similar neighborhood, the value will be zero; if
there is one, the value should be one and so on
and so forth. Before starting this simulation step,
social demand
Algorithm - macro thinking
rules: neighbors/living cost/facilities/anchors
1) neighbor.numbers: 8
neighbor.radious: 80m
2) facilities distrubtion
S facilities
>= 10(distance <80m)
M facilities
L facilites
3) anchors sequence
MALL
MALL
MALL
MALLB
P
P
penetrate into city
G
G
G BP
B
B
Weekly Life
CORE AREA
Monthly Life
penetrate into city
P
P
MALL
G
G
B
B
B
Daiy Life
CORE AREA
distance
facilities
local urban villager education/reseacher
CORE AREA
distance
175. 信 息 部/ BIM STUIDO
96
current point(Pn)
neighbor area(radius)
Software automatically generates three different building behaviors.
base on cellular automata theory
adapting
deleting
adding
1
0
2
Depending on spatial properties of site generated at the first step, the software
strives to distribute and modify village living patterns (cells). Each cell tries to find
their position in the site and meet their neighborhood within the tolerance value.
When the simulation is started, the initial situation is determined by assigning a
state (live pattern) for each cell from the intervention step. A new generation of cells
is then created according to spatial properties of the site and the tolerance rule. The
tolerance rule determines that the new state of each cell is based on their current
states and the cells around. Eventually if all the cells meet the rules, they will be
stable. It should take a finite amount of time to reach this stable state. Otherwise,
designers should reduce tolerance value and modify the initial parameters in the
intervention step to achieve convergence.4
self-organization building behaviors
Algorithm - micro action
176. 信 息 部/ BIM STUIDO
97
java simulation software/developer haidong ma
date: 2015
ancher numbers: 4
develop levels: 2
sum of buildings: 850
floor area ratio(FAR): 1.2
MALL
MALL
G
G
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B B
B
B
B
B
B B B
B
B
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Software Output
The complete simulation process is a sequence loop. At the first step (intervention), the processing is initialized and
parametric rules considering the infrastructure and basic programs are set up. At the second step (self-
organization), the villages reflect the parametric elements and start the process of self-organization. At the third
step (auto-generation), local infrastructure and related facilities are generated automatically. When the three steps
sequence accomplished, simulation process goes back to the first intervention step for the next computing circle.
After several iterations of processing and intervention from designers, simulation process will arrive at the final
Develop Sequence
integrationisolation
developedcurrent 1 2 3 4
Infrastructure Upgrading
auto generation by develop sequence
selected by manual
177. 信 息 部/ BIM STUIDO
"Macro Thinking & Micro Action" has been selected as one
of the 10 best papers of the eCAADe2010 conference.
conclusion & feedback
Reference
1. Laurence Liauw, 2008,‘New Urban China’, Architectual Design, Profile No 195, Wiley
2. Alexander, C 1965,‘A city is not a tree’, Architectural Forum, Vol 122, No 1&2, April 1965, pp 58-62.
3. Schelling, T. C 1978, Micromotives and macrobehavior, W. W. Norton, New York.
4. Batty, M 2005, Cities and Complexity: Understand cities with cellular automata, agent-based models
and fractals’, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Conclusion
The final version application still is on processing though, it is clear that digital parameterization and
simulation can be considered as new possible urban tools to model the realities and generate solutions.
In this case, by introducing anchor points urban design principle and cellular automata digital method.
Computational simulation of urban developing can happen under the control of certain parametric rules
and setting up people living behavior.
Because this new tools embrace emerging process into strategy, one of the benefits of this new tools is
that different users can be involved into the process. It helps to find a more adaptive proposal for cities.
The critical issue of this method is to create a convergence programming sequence structure that has the
ability to simulate a whole scene of urban develop procedure, otherwise simulation will be endless.
Feedback
178. 信 息 部/ BIM STUIDO
"Macro Thinking & Micro Action" has been selected as one
of the 10 best papers of the eCAADe2010 conference.
conclusion & feedback
Reference
1. Laurence Liauw, 2008,‘New Urban China’, Architectual Design, Profile No 195, Wiley
2. Alexander, C 1965,‘A city is not a tree’, Architectural Forum, Vol 122, No 1&2, April 1965, pp 58-62.
3. Schelling, T. C 1978, Micromotives and macrobehavior, W. W. Norton, New York.
4. Batty, M 2005, Cities and Complexity: Understand cities with cellular automata, agent-based models
and fractals’, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_simulation.
[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_automaton.
Conclusion
The final version application still is on processing though, it is clear that digital parameterization and
simulation can be considered as new possible urban tools to model the realities and generate solutions.
In this case, by introducing anchor points urban design principle and cellular automata digital method.
Computational simulation of urban developing can happen under the control of certain parametric rules
and setting up people living behavior.
Because this new tools embrace emerging process into strategy, one of the benefits of this new tools is
that different users can be involved into the process. It helps to find a more adaptive proposal for cities.
The critical issue of this method is to create a convergence programming sequence structure that has the
ability to simulate a whole scene of urban develop procedure, otherwise simulation will be endless.
Feedback