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6. Image from: http://www.bnl.gov/rhic/news/102307/story3.asp

7. Images from: Hecht Optics 4th ed. (2002)

8. Image from: http://d-d-photographics.com
Image from: http://www.aanda.org

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Images from: Hecht Optics 4th ed. (2002)

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13. Image from: http://www.olympusmicro.com/primer/techniques/fluorescence/anatomy/ix70fluorescence.html

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15. e-
current out
(photon)

16. Image from: Zhang et. al. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 42 (2009)

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18. Excitation In
Image from: Zheng-Xing et al. ACTA BIOCHIMICA et Fluorescence Out
BIOPHYSICA SINICA. 2003, 35(4): 381-386

19. Excitation In
Pinhole
Fluorescence Out

20. Image from: http://www.olympusfluoview.com/theory/confocalintro.html

21. Fluorescence Out

22. 102 nm
10 um

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25. V
Image from: Smith et al Science. 243 4888 (1989)

26. Image from: Deutsch Science. 240 4854 (1988)

27. Image from: Bensimon et. al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 (1995)

28. Image from: Kim & Larson Nucleic Acids Research. (2007)

29. Image from: Kim & Larson Nucleic Acids Research. (2007)

30. Image from: Galletto et al. Nature. 443 (2006)

31. Image from: Galletto et al. Nature. 443 (2006)

32. Image from: Galletto et al. Nature. 443 (2006)

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34. Image from: Hein et al PNAS. 105 38 (2008)

35. Confocal STED
In vivo stained ER
Image from: Hein et al PNAS. 105 38 (2008)

36. Image from: Hein et al PNAS. 105 38 (2008)

37. Image from: Greenfield et al PLoS Biology. (2009)

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39. • QE of > 0.1
• > 20,000 cm-1 M-1
Table from: Gell, Brockwell & Smith Handbook of Single Molecule Spectroscopy. (2006)

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41. Image from: Abe et al Biochemistry. 42:51 (2003)

42. Image from: English et al Nat. Chem. Biol. 2:2 (2006)

43. Image from: English et al Nat. Chem. Biol. 2:2 (2006)

44. Image from: Sase et al PNAS. 94 (1997)

45. Image from: Sase et al PNAS. 94 (1997)

46. Image from: Yildiz et al Science. 27 (2003)

47. Image from: Yildiz et al Science. 27 (2003)

48. Image from: Yildiz et al Science. 27 (2003)

51. Image from: Liu et al Science. 322 (2008)

52. Image from: Liu et al Science. 322 (2008)

53. Image adapted from: Shirude & Balasubramanian Biochemie. 90:8 (2008)

54. Image from: Shirude & Balasubramanian Biochemie. 90:8 (2008)

55. Image from: PDB entry 3CRX Image from: Ha Biochemistry. 43 (2004)

56. Image from: Ha Biochemistry. 43 (2004)

57. 2nm 4nm
Image from: http://www.aist.go.jp/

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59. Image from: Chen et al Biophys J. 92 (2007)

60. Image from: Capitanio et al. J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 9 (2007)

61. Image from: Sönnichsen Plasmons in metal nanostructures. (2001)

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64. Image from: Sönnichsen et. al. Nature Biotechnology. 23 (2005)

65. Image from: Reinhard et. al. PNAS. 104:8 (2006)

66. Image from: Jun et. al. PNAS. 106:42 (2009)

67. Image from: Jun et. al. PNAS. 106:42 (2009)