Important abbreviations used to explain the reproductive system

1. REPRODUCTIV
E SYSTEMFemale and Male

2. GENTIOURINARY SYSTEM (GU)
Urinary system plus Male Reproductive system

3. ➤ It is a combination of two body systems (urinary system and
the male reproductive system) due to the reason that the
male’s urethra holds a dual function of carrying both semen
and urine.
➤ Females have a separate opening for the urethra and the
vagina therefore are not included in the genitourinary system.
GENITOURINARY SYSTEM

4. Last Menstrual Period (LMP)
➤ The menstrual period is the shedding of a woman’s lining when
implantation from a pregnancy did not occur. It occurs between
Day 1 - Day 7 of a woman’s 28-30 day cycle.
➤ LMP is a clinical date used to outline the time frame of the
different menstrual phases in a monthly cycle.

5. LAST MENSTRUAL PERIOD
➤ Doctors use the last menstrual period to access:
➤ Hormone levels
➤ Pregnancy dating
➤ The length of the menstrual phase can vary from woman to
woman.
➤ Amenorrhea (absent periods)
➤ Oligomenorrhea (Light or infrequent periods)
➤ Menorrhagia (Heavy periods)
➤ Metrorrhagia (Irregular periods)

6. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
➤ It is a group of different symptoms that is linked to your menstrual cycle.
➤ Typically 1-2 weeks before your period is to start.
➤ Symptoms include:
➤ Acne
➤ Swollen or tender breasts
➤ Feeling tired
➤ Trouble sleeping
➤ Upset stomach, bloating, constipation, or diarrhea
➤ Headache or backache
➤ Appetite changes or food cravings
➤ Joint or muscle pain
➤ Trouble with concentration or memory
➤ Tension, irritability, mood swings, or crying spells
➤ Anxiety or depression
➤ Symptoms affect every woman differently.

7. https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/premenstrual-syndrome
➤ Treatment: There is no single treatment that works for
everyone.
➤ Treatment examples to ease PMS include:
➤ Medications- over the counter medications can help ease physical symptoms.
Examples of medications would be: ibuprofen, naproxen, aspirin.
➤ Lifestyle change- Incorporating a fitness routine, making changes to your diet that
include healthier options, and getting adequate amount of sleep at night can all help ease PMS
symptoms.
➤ Alternative therapies - Adding certain vitamins and minerals to your daily
intake may help relieve symptoms. Vitamins include:
➤ Folic acid
➤ Calcium with vitamin D
➤ Magnesium
➤ Vitamin B-6
➤ Vitamin E
PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME

8. Cervix (Cx)
➤ It is the inferior region of the
uterus composed of thick
smooth muscular tissue
(myometrium) which expands
and contracts during ovulation,
menstrual period or childbirth.
➤ Cervix is latin for neck
representing its connection
between the uterus and vagina.
➤ It can be broken down into three
anatomical regions.
➤ Cervical canal
➤ Internal os
➤ External os

9. CERVIX
➤ Acts as the “gatekeeper” to allow substances to pass in and out of the
uterus.
➤ Epithelial cells line the cervix and secrete mucous which fills the
cervical canal, forming a plug to block any substances entering or
exiting the uterus. During ovulation the lining becomes thinner,
allowing for sperm to pass through for possible pregnancy.
➤ During menstruation the cervix dilates allowing for a woman's menstrual
flow to pass through. This dilatation may cause cramping and discomfort.
➤ During a pregnancy the cervix barricades the baby in the uterus until at
least 38 weeks.
➤ During child birth the cervix will dilate up to 10 cm in diameter to
accommodate for the head of the baby to pass through the birth
canal.

10. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
➤ It is an infection of the female reproductive organs such as the
vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes or ovaries.
➤ Causes:
➤ Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) such as gonorrhea or chlamydia from a partner
➤ Douche
➤ Use of an intrauterine device for birth control within the first 3 weeks of placement
➤ Symptoms:
➤ Pain in your lower abdomen
➤ Fever
➤ An unusual discharge with a bad odor from your vagina
➤ Pain and/or bleeding when you have sex
➤ Burning sensation when you urinate
➤ Bleeding between periods

11. ➤ PID can be treated if diagnosed early. However, treatment will
not fix any damage that already occurred to any reproductive
organs
➤ An antibiotic is used to treat PID
➤ Complications of untreated PID include:
➤ Formation of scar tissue both outside and inside the fallopian tubes that can lead to tubal
blockage
➤ Ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy outside the womb)
➤ Infertility (inability to get pregnant)
➤ Long-term pelvic/abdominal pain
PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE

12. REFERENCES
➤ Cervix of the Uterus. (199-2017). Retrieved July 11, 2017,
from http://www.innerbody.com/image_repfov/repo37-
new.html
➤ Premenstrual Syndrome. (2017, February 06). Retrieved July
11, 2017, from https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-
topics/premenstrual-syndrome
➤ Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID). (2017, July 10). Retrieved
July 12, 2017, from https://www.cdc.gov/std/pid/stdfact-pid.htm
➤ Fremgen, B. F. (2016). Medical Terminology. A living language
(6th ed.). Pearson.