Cerilebi gamosvlebi-gia tortlaze

gia TorTlaZe
werilebi statiebi gamosvlebi
1
1

sarCevi
1. Ria werili b-n piter malanCuks……---------------.6
2. afxazeTi - ruseTis ocneba---------------------------13
3. samxreT oseTi - bolSevikuri termini----- 18
3.
1917 wels dawyebuli danaSauli grZeldeba-25
4. Tu esvri warsuls momavali gesvris Sen-- 28
5. gansxvavebul azrs yvela ebrZvis---------------33
6. yvela kiTxvas pasuxi unda gaeces---------------36
7.
briuselis samitisaTvis momzadebuli sityva
( 2008 w. 25 agvistos ruseTis mier separatistuli
regionebis aRiarebasTan dakavSirebiT)------44
8. sityva warmoTqmuli hamburgis konferenciaze 51
10. 2009 wlis aprilis aqciebTan dakavSirebiT-------65
11.
sityva warmoTqmuli parlamentSi prezidentis
mosvlasTan dakavSirebiT--------------------------69
12. TviTmarTvelobis arCevnebis SefasebisTvis
4

gakeTebuli gancxadeba-----------------------------74
13. ras niSnavs radikaluri opozicia-----------75
14. media da politikuri wesrigi------------------78
15. ra aris “Tavisuflebis qartia”---------------84
16. Kkolaboracionizms erovneba ara aqvs-----99
17. saqarTvelos sazRvrebisTvis-----------------104
18. cota ram Cems Sesaxeb-----------------------------115
gia TorTlaZe--
mini dosie----------------------------------------153
5

Ria werili baton piter malanCuks
Tqveni wigni AKEHURST`S MODERN INTRODUCTION
INTERNATIONAL LAW, Peter Malanchuk, Sevent revised edition.,
CvenTvis fasdaudebeli naSromia saerTaSoriso
samarTlis sferoSi.
me, rogorc saqarTvelos parlamentis wevrs,
deputatsa da moqalaqes minda mogawodoT informacia
Cemi qveynis uaxlesi warsulisa da awmyos Sesaxeb.
mesmis, rom Znelia erTi weriliT gaerkve am
istoriul rebusSi, magram vfiqrob, rom TqvenisTana
metrisaTvis _ es Zneli ar iqneba, rasakvirvelia Tu amis
dro da survili geqnebaT.
Tu SesZlebT da gagiCndebaT survili raime Tqveni
mosazreba momweroT, CavTvli, rom usazRvrod
gamimarTla.
Tqvendami didi pativiscemiT
saqarTvelos parlamentis wevri
deputati - gia TorTlaZe
_________________________________
saqarTvelos moqalaqeTaTvis ormagi standarti
nacnobi xerxia, rogorc qveynis marTvis sabWouri
meTodi.
saqarTvelo Tavisi istoriis bolo 200 weliwadSi
orjer iyo aneqsire-buli ruseTis mier. pirvelad 1801
wels - 1918 wlamde da 1921 wlidan 1990 wlis 28
oqtombramde, roca saqarTveloSi Catarda
mravalpartiuli demokratiuli arCevnebi, rac
dagvirgvinda 1991 wlis 31 martis referendumiT,
6

romelzec saqarTvelos mosaxleobam gamoxata survili
sabWoTa kavSiridan gasvlis Sesaxeb. 9 aprils
gamocxadda saqarTvelos damoukideblobis (1918 -1921ww.
saqarTvelos damoukidebloba aRiarebuli iyo
msoflios mravali saxelmwifos mier, maT Soris
ruseTis mier 1920 wlis 7 maiss) aRdgena. 1991wlis 26
maiss ki pirdapiri arCevnebis gziT damoukidebeli
saqarTvelos pirveli prezidenti gaxda zviad
gamsaxurdia.
sabWoeTSi mcxovrebi xalxisaTvis cnobili iyo, rom
arsebobs dasavluri Rirebulebebi, adamianis uflebebi,
saerTaSoriso samarTali rac deklarirebuli iyo,
rogorc Rirebuleba sabWoeTSiac. Tumca, realoba
deklarirebulisagan kardinalurad gansxvavdeboda.
1991 wlidan saqarTvelom scada daerRvia ormagi
standarti "sabWouri cxovrebis wesisa" da daewyo
realurad samarTleblivi saxelmwifos Seneba.
samwuxarod, damoukidebeli saqarTvelos interesebi
Seewira im msoflio wesrigs, romelic civi omis
dasasruls Camoyalibda.
aSS - s Tavisi gegmebi hqonda sabWoeTTan
mimarTebaSi.kerZod, ganiaraReba da sxva
proeqtebi,romelic civi omis dasasruls moaswavebda.
mixeil gorbaCovis xelisufleba midioda
TanamSromlobaze. am gegmebSi,rogorc sCans, ar Sedioda
sabWoTa kavSiris daSla ( gamonaklisi daiSva mxolod
baltiispireTis sami respublikisaTvis).
1991 wlis 21 dekembers xeli moewera damoukidebel
saxelmwifoTa Tanamegobrobis Seqmnas. ( rac faqtiurad
iyo ssrk -as axali versia). saqarTvelo - am
Tanamegobrobas ar miuerTda.
" zviad gamsaxurdia midis dinebis sawinaaRmdegod" -
es aris mama buSis sityvebi. rac iyo ganaCeni
damoukidebli saqarTvelosaTvis. qronologiurad
movlenebi ase ganviTarda: 1991w-is 21 dekembers
saqarTvelo ar miuerTda dsT -s., 22 dekembers ki
7

ganxorcielda saxelmwifo gadatrialeba SeiaraRebuli
gziT, xolo 1992wlis 6 ianvars saqarTvelos prezidenti
zviad gamsaxurdia tovebs saqarTvelos da devnilobaSi
asrulebs Tavis cxovrebas.
gadatrialebis Sedegad saxelmwifos meTaurad
ruseTidan dabrunda eduard SevardnaZe. mas didi
saerTaSoriso mxardaWera hqonda germaniis gaerTianebis
xelSewyobisa da amerika - sabWoTa kavSirs Soris
urTierTobebis daTbobebis gamo. magram, es ase ar iyo
saqarTveloSi. SevardnaZis reitingi Zalian dabali iyo
Tavis samSobloSi. yvelas axsovda misi qveynis marTvis
sabWouri stili: dasmenebi, daWerebi, klanuri korufcia
da a.S. swored amitom gaxda saWiro zviad gamsaxurdias
samxedro ZaliT damxoba da ara arCevnebis gziT
xelisuflebis cvla.
am gadatrialebas hqonda saerTaSoriso mxardaWera
(vgulisxmob sainformacio mxardaWeras).
...istoria yvela am garigebas ugunurebad Seracxavs
" maTi gamoisobiT atydeba xolme omis davidarabaca da
ekonomiuri qartexilebic. gavixsenoT, rom pirveli
msoflio omis Semdeg, germaniam 1926-29 wlebSi
amerikisagan veeberTela sesxi miiRo ( ori aTasi
milioni funti sterlingi aTasi milioni sterlingis
kontribuciis wil) vaimarSi gamocxadda demokratiuli
konstitucia. . . imperatorebi gaaZeves da araraobani
airCies" (uinston CerCili "moaxlovebuli qariSxali").
1991-92 wlebidan dawyebuli yvela am uaryofiTma
muxtma 2003 wlis noemberSi gamoxatuleba hpova
lozungSi "saqarTvelo SevardnaZis gareSe", xolo
konsolidacia moxda mixeil saakaSvilis garSemo, rac
sabolood “vardebis revoluciiT” dasrulda.
xaverdovani revoluciis sababi gaxda SevardnaZis
xelisuflebis mier saparlamento arCevnebis gayalbeba
Cven gvjera rom ormagi standarti ar aris
samarTlis maxasiaTebeli. vfiqrobT, rom es daavadebaa,
romelic Wams samarTals ise, rogorc simsivne
8

organizms. politikuri garigebebi da kanonis morgeba
calkeuli moRvawis an qveynis interesebze moklevadiani
dividendia, romelic adre Tu gvian mZime SedegebiT
Semoubrundeba msoflios. amgvari qmedebebis Sedegad
xdeba dasavluri Rirebulebebis diskreditacia.
sabWoeTis pirobebSi Cven vicodiT, rom arsebobs
samarTleblivi qveynebi, sadac umTavresia kanoni da
samarTali, Tumca ara erTxel mogviwia imis danaxva, rom
susti da patara qveynisaTvis samarTalic susti da
mrixia, xolo Zlieri da didi qveynisaTvis ki, kanonic
mtkice da Seuvalia. amis magaliTebi saqarTvelos
mosaxleobam Tavis Tavze gamoscada. es moxda sul axlo
warsulSic.
1991 wlis 21 dekembers, roca saqarTvelo ar
SeuerTda sabWoTa kavSiris saxecvlilebas dsT- s saxiT
da 22 dekembers demokratiuli, mravalpartiuli
arCevnebis gziT mosuli xelisufleba daamxes
SeiaraRebuli gziT, raSic monawileobas iRebda maSin
saqarTvelos teritoriaze jer kidev arsebuli ruseTis
bazebis mZime teqnika.
gvinda gacnoboT, rom qarTul saxelmwifoebrivobas
3000 wliani istoria aqvs da rom Tavi ar SegawyinoT
istoriuli eqskursebiT, mxolod erTs vityviT, rom
saqarTveloSi sikvdiliT dasja da sxeulis dazianebebi
aikrZala 1211 wels ( Tamaris mefobisas (1184-1213ww), amave
droidan arsebobda “darbazi” (parlamentarizmis
erTgvari Canasaxi).
saqarTvelos aqvs problemebi gayinuli
konfliqtebis saxiT e.w. “samxreT oseTTan” da
afxazeTTan dakavSirebiT. Cven SemTxveviT ar gvixsenebia
termini “egred wodebuli”. saqme imaSia, rom :
1918 wlis 26 maiss gamocxadda saqarTvelos
damoukidebloba saparlamento respublikis
marTvelobis formiT. 1920 wels saqarTvelo scno
TurqeTma, germaniam da argentinam.
9

1920wlis 7 maiss (urotaZe _ karaxanis xelmoweriT)
daido ruseT - saqarTvelos xelSekruleba, romliTac
sabWoTa ruseTma cno saqarTvelos damoukidebloba da
ikisra mis saqmeebSi Caurevloba.
saqarTvelos mxaris valdebuleba iyo: legaluri
saqmianobis ufleba mieca saqarTvelos teritoriaze
komunisturi partiisaTvis, romelic 1920 wlis 20 maiss
gaformda oficialurad rogorc saqarTvelos
komunisturi partia.
swored am partiis xelSewyobiT ganxorcielda
saqarTvelos aneqsia ruseTis mier.
magram iqamde, saqarTvelos teritoriaze, misi oTxi
mazris (saqarTvelo im droisaTvis dayofili iyo
mazrebad - adgilobrivi marTvelobis erTeulebi):
goris, duSeTis, Sorapnis da raWaSi mcxovrebi osi
erovnebis komunistebisagan Seiqmna "rveoluciuri
komiteti" (1921wlis 6-8 seqtembers), romelsac ewoda
"samxreT oseTis bolSevikTa revoluciuri
komiteti".''ai, am dros gaCnda pirvelad termini
"samxreT OoseTi". (sainteresoa, rom kavkasiis qedis
meore mxares aris istoriuli oseTi, im droisaTvis is
gaerTianebuli iyo mTis avtonomiur respublikis
kavSirSi.
amgvarad, arsebobs samxreT oseTi, im dros roca ar
arsebobs "CrdiloeTi". samxreT oseTis revoluciurma
komitetma miiRo dadgenileba, rom maTTvis, rogorc
bolSevikebisaTvis miuRebelia saqarTvelos
arabolSevikuri mTavroba da sTxovdnen kremls (lenins)
rom, is mazrebi, romelTa teritoriazec Seiqmna samxreT
oseTis bolSevikTa rev.komi SeuerTdes bolSevikur
ruseTs.
aseTi revkomebi Seiqmna saqarTvelos sxvadasxva
kuTxeSi da maTi xelSewyobiT 1921 wlis 11 Tebervals
ruseTis wiTeli armia SemoiWra saqarTveloSi da
moaxdina qveynis aneqsia.
10

aRsaniSnavia, 1922 wlis, aseve, 1936 wlis sabWouri
konstituciiT, Semdgom 1938 wlis redaqciiTa da 1978
wlis sssrk - konstituciiT afxazeTica da samxreT
oseTic saqarTvelos sazRvrebSia ( afxazeTi, rogorc -
saqarTvelos avtonomiuri respublika, xolo samxreT
oseTi, rogorc - saqarTvelos avtonomiuri olqi), Tumca
yvela sabWour redaqciaSi am ukanasknels SemorCa
revkomis saxelwodeba - samxreT oseTi.
1921 wlis aneqsiis gamocdileba ruseTma warmatebiT
gamoiyena 90 -ian wlebSic.
sabWoTa imperiis daSlis mijnaze saqarTveloSi
gaZlierda erovnuli moZraoba, romlis saTaveSi iyvnen
helsinkis jgufis damaarseblebi saqarTveloSi zviad
gamsaxurdia da merab kostava. 1989 wlis 9 aprils
qveynis mosaxleobam gamoxata mtkice neba sabWoTa
kavSiridan gasvlis Sesaxeb.
demokratiulma Zalebma sxvadasxva
aqciebiT,gaficvebiT, piketebiT, SimSilobebiTa da sxva
samarTleblivi gzebiT aiZules sabWoTa xelisufleba
saqarTveloSi 1990 wlis 15 maiss moewviaT saq. ssr
uzenaesi sabWos riggareSe sesia da mieRoT
konstituciuri cvlileba " mravalpartiuli,
demokratiuli arCevnebis daniSvnis Sesaxeb kanoni". es
iyo udidesi gamarjveba.
axlovdeboda saparlamento arCevnebis vada da
demokratiuli Zalebis gamarjveba gardauvali Canda.
sabWoTa kavSiri Tavis arsebobis bolo wuTebs iTvlida,
magram sabWoTa imperiam isev nacad xerxs mimarTa.
magaliTad, rogoric iyo qveynis SigniT separatistuli
kerebis gaRviveba.
1988 wlis 18 marts afxazma separatistebma sofel
lixnSi (afxazeTi) miiRes mimarTva " saqarTvelodan
afxazeTis gamoyofis da damoukidebeli respublikis
statusiT ruseTTan SeerTebis Sesaxeb”.
11

1990 wlis 20 seqtembers sabWoTa xelisuflebis
pirobebSi saq. ssr samxreT oseTis avtonomiuri olqi
gauqmda da gamocxadda samxreT oseTis respublika
(faqtiurad saparlamento arCevnebamde erTi TviT adre)
sagangebo sesiaze.
1990 wlis 28 oqtombers, pirvelad 70 wlis Semdeg
saqarTveloSi Catarda mravalpartiuli, demokratiuli
arCevnebi. 3.400 000 amomrCevlidan arCevnebSi monawileoba
miiRo 2.600 000 amomrCevelma. demokratiulma Zalebma
STambeWdavi gamarjveba moipoves.
1990 wlis 11 dekembers saqarTvelos axlad arCeulma
uzenaesma sabWom arakonstituciurad da baTilad cno
1990 wlis 20 seqtembris dadgenileba “samxreT oseTis
respublikis gamocxadebasTan dakavSirebiT” miRebuli
sabWoTa kavSiris pirobebSi.
1991 wlis 31 marts saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze
( maT Soris afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikisa da e.w.
samxreT oseTis avtonomiuri olqSi) kiTxvaze: “ mxars
uWerT Tu ara saqarTvelos damoukideblobas da gindaT
Tu ara sabWoTa kavSiris rigebidan gamosvla”-
saqarTvelos mosaxleobis 87% am kiTxvas dadebiTi
pasuxi gasca.
arCevnebis Sedegad afxazeTis avtonomiur
respublikaSi, saqarTvelos konstituciiT (cvlilebebi,
romelic ganxorcielda zviad gamsaxurdias iniciativiT)
afxazebs mieniWaT parlamentSi 33 xma, 65 sadeputato
adgilidan. afxazeTSi situacia normalizebul iyo.
ruseTis jars mieniWa saokupacio jaris statusi
saqarTvelos teritoriaze da 1990 wlis 25 aprils
ruseTis bazebi toveben saqarTvelos,am droisaTvis
datovebuli aqvT cxinvalis regioni (e.w. samxreT oseTi).
1991-92 w. saxelmwifo gadatrialebas saqarTveloSi
mohyva e. w. samxreT oseTidan qarTvelebis gamoyra.
ruseTis jars moexsna saokupacio jarebis statusi (
cxinvalSi dabrunda ruseTis bazebi), saeWvo samxedro
manipulirebebis fonze daiRupa mravali saqarTvelos
12

moqalaqe, romelTac mouwodebdnen daecvaT saqarTvelos
teritoriuli mTlianoba. afxazeTis teritoriaze
ganxorcielda qarTvelebis eTnikuri wmenda (1996 wlis
lisabonis samitis dokumenti, euTo)
1993 wels saqarTvelo Sevida dsT -Si, mxolod ukve
arakontrolirebadi regionebiTa da gayinuli
konfliqtebis saxiT.
ra mdgomareoba gvaqvs dReisaTvis:
cnobilia, rom 2004w. 22 ivliss ruseTis federaciis
sakonstitucio sasamarTlos mimarTa a.a. kokoSinma (
ruseTis saxelmwifo dumis federaluri krebis,
Tanamegobrobisa da TanamemamuleebTan kavSirebis
komitetis Tavmjdomare) ganacxadiT " samxreT oseTis”,
rogorc axali subieqtis ruseTis federaciaSi miRebis
perspeqtivebTan dakavSirebiT ( miiRo uaryofiTi pasuxi).
2004wlis 9 dekembers ruseTis dumis samma
deputatma ( d. rogozini, n.naroCnickaia, a. savelevi)
Seitanes gansaxilvelad kanon-proeqti, romelic exeba "
ruseTis federaciaSi axali subieqtebis miRebis wesis
Sesaxeb " ( afxazeTis, aWaris, samxreT oseTis
). es saqarTvelos teritoriaa da ruseTi aRiarebs
saqarTvelos teritoriul mTlianobas !
absoluturad gaugebaria rogor SeiZleba erTis
mxriv aRiarebde qveynis teritoriul mTlianobas da
meores mxriv ixilavde Sens sakanonmdeblo organoSi
sxva qveynis miwebis SenTvis mierTebis sakiTxebs.
istoriuli gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom amgvari
gaaqtiureba Cveni Crdiloeli mezoblisa metad mZime
SedegebiT sruldeba Cveni qveynisaTvis.
mravaleTnikuri qarTveli eri mzad aris moagvaros
Tanmimdevrulad da samarTlianad yvela problema,
romelic dgas Cveni qveynis winaSe.
Cven vagrZelebT Tanmimdevrul da samarTlebliv
brZolas kanonis uzenaesobisaTvis da vimedovnebT, rom
es idealebi mxolod CvenTvis ar aris Zvirfasi. RrmaT
varT darwmunebuli, rom samarTleblivi wesrigi da
13

adamianis uflebaTa dacva ar aris mxolod elitaruli
qveynebis prerogativa. rom, dRes da mudam civilizebuli
Tanamegobrobis valia gaakeTos arCevani samarTlebliv
wesrigsa da ormag standartebs Soris. imedia, rom es
arCevani gakeTdeba kanonis sasargeblod. migvaCnia, rom
kanoni yvelaze mtkice berketia msoflios harmoniuli
arsebobisaTvis.
Cven didi imedi gvaqvs Tqveni, visTvisac samarTali
da kanoni cxovrebis wesia da ara mxolod sityvebi.
viyoT solidarulebi am idealebis mimarT, Cven
mxolod aseT mxardaWeras viTxovT.
momiteveT aseTi grZeli werilisaTvis da aseve
imisaTvis, Tu CaTvliT, rom dro dagakargineT.
Rrma pativiscemiT
istoriul mecnierebaTa doqtori
saqarTvelos parlamentis wevri
gia TorTlaZe
2008 weli 19 ivlisi
afxazeTi _ ruseTis ocneba
14

( rezonansis “mTeli kvira”, 2007. 17 seqtemberi)
gasabWoebidan dawyebuli saqarTvelosa da
sakavSiro xelisuflebis miznebi da gzebi ar
gansxvavdeboda erTmaneTisagan, ufro metic, maT Soris
sruli Tanxvedra iyo.
sabWoTa imperiis SigniT 30 - iani wlebis
dasawyisidan adgilobrivi nacionalizmi gamocxadebuli
iyo mTavar saSiSroebad.
komunizmsa da nacionalizms Soris dapirispirebaSi
yovelTvis komunizmi imarjvebda. amis magaliTebia
yovelwliuri “wmendebi” _ 30-iani wlebidan dawyebuli
e.w.“burJuaziuli nacionalistebisa”, “panislamistebisa”
da samRvdeloebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli.
nacionalizmTan brZolis fuZemdebeli lenini iyo,
romelic am saqmeSi wamyvan rols terors aniWebda.
stalinma es xazi gaagrZela individualuri,
jgufuri da nacionaluri teroriT.
n.xruSCovma, Tumca daabruna stalinis mier
represirebuli xalxebi (yirimis TaTrebisa da
volgispireTis germanelebis garda), magram rogorc
sCans: “ ...Явно собирался реорганизовать национальные
Республики в обычные административно-териториальные единицы,
а обучение на родном языке в национальных школах обьявил
делом добровольным. . . При Брежневе началась повсеместная и
интенсивная руссификация. ( А.Авторханов., Империя Кремля., гл.
Экспансия Советской Империй).
amis magaliTad sakmarisia, gavixsenoT rom
oCamCireSi, sadac 1989wlis monacemebiT 57% qarTveli
cxovrobda, 48 skolidan mxolod 10 iyo qarTuli.
rusifikaciis dasawyisi
rusifikaciis istoria 1801 wlis saqarTvelos
aneqsiiT iwyeba. Tavdapirvelad qarTl-kaxeTis
samefoebis gauqmebiT, xolo 1810 wels ki _ dasavleT
saqarTvelos aneqsia.
15

imave, 1810 wels afxazeTis mTavars seferbei
ServaSiZes “ruseTis mfarveloba” iZulebiT miaRebines,
rasac ar egueboda afxazeTis mosaxleoba da mudmivi
ajanyebebi ewyoboda.
gansakuTrebiT did winaaRmdegobas ruseTs webelda
uwevda. XIX-is 30 ian wlebSi am kuTxeSi mravali
damsjeli razmi gaigzavna, rasac am kuTxidan mkvidri
mosaxleobis ayra da gandevna mohyva. ( ix. В.Т Маевский «
Кутаисская Губерния военно-статистическое описание.
тифлиси.1896г.).
1840 wlis webeldas raionis amboxebis gamo rusebma
yvela mekomuri ojaxi ahyara, xolo 1864 wels gauqmda
afxazeTis samTavro.
1867 w. afxazeTis ajanyebis Semdgom webeldis
ukanaskneli nawilic ayrili da osmaleTSi (TurqeTSi)
iqna gandevnili. Tu, 1850 wels am raionSi 14 000 ojaxi
cxovrobda, 1867 wels mTels am kuTxeSi ruseTis
wyalobiT mxolod 27 ojaxi darCa.
ruseTis imperiis amgvari politikis miuxedavad
samurzayano afxazeTsa da jiqeTis samxreT zolSi, anu
soxumisa da soWis olqebSi 1916 wlis aRweris Tanaxmad:
141 000 mcxovrebTa Soris _ 71 000 qarTveli
43 000 afxazi
6 000 somexi
da 21 000 sxvadasxva erovnebis xalxi iyo.
1804wels samegrelos samTavros ruseTis
mfarvelobaSi ayvanis Semdgom imperiaSi gaCnda azri
“Savi zRvis sanapiroze kazakTa kolonizaciisa”.
amis naTeli dasturia mTavarmarTebel rtiSCvis
mier Sedgenili da imperatorisaTvis gagzavnili
“sruliad saqarTvelos generaluri ruka” vrceli axsna-ganmartebebiT,
sadac ayenebda sakiTxs mxaris
intensiuri kolonizaciis Sesaxeb.
yovelive amas mohyva 1817 wels saqarTveloSi 500
germaneli seqtanti ojaxis Camosaxleba (sarTiWala,
Tbilisis saxazino miwebi, kukia, borCalos mazra).
16

1828 -1829 wlebSi mTavarmarTebelma paskeviCma
amierkavkasiaSi Camoasaxla 8 249 somexi ojaxi. xolo,
1829-31 wlebSi imave paskeviCma TurqeTis safaSoebidan
Camoasaxla somexTa da berZenTa 6 000 ojaxi ( axalcixe,
axalqalaqi da walkis raioni).
XIX s-is 30-iani wlebidan sagangebo yuradReba
eqceoda rusuli samxedro soflebis Seqmnas ( TeTri
wyaro, gombori, wiTelwyaro, manglisi) im rusi
samxedro mosamsaxureebiT, romlebsac 15-wliani
samxedro samsaxuri hqondaT gavlili.
1845 w. saqarTveloSi aseve, Camosaxlebuli iqnen
qristianuli eklesiis mier devnili sxvadasxva
seqtantebi. am kategoriam 10 000 suls gadaaWarba.
davubrundeT isev afxazeTs. 1855 wlis Semodgomaze
omer faSam 36 000-iani jari gadasxa afxazeTSi. mas
afxazebic SeerTebian da daZrulan samegrelosaken,
xolo ruseTis jarma ukan daixia. SemdgomSi, swored es
faqti gamxdara mizezi 30 000 afxazis TurqeTSi
gasaxlebisa TurqeTSi ruseTis imperiis mxridan (aqedan
iRebs saTaves termini “muhajirebi”), xolo afxazeTSi
daiwyo intensiuri Camosaxleba somxebisa da berZnebisa.
cota ufro mogvianebiT 1908-1915 wlebSi stolipinis
reformis erT mniSvnelovan nawils swored ruseTis
Sida olqebidan, saqarTvelos kolonizaciis mizniT 66
000 rusis Camosaxleba gaxldaT.
bolSevizms nacionaloba ar aqvs
miuxedavad imisa, rom yvelaze medgar
winaaRmdegobas ruseTis dampyrobel politikas
saqarTveloSi - afxazeTi uwevda, bolSevizmis
gavrcelebasTan erTad mdgomareoba TandaTan Seicvala.
1917 wlis ruseTis revoluciis Semdgom, ramac
romanovebis dinastiis ngreva gamoiwvia, ruseTis
saxelmwifo interesebi kavkasiis mimarT, odnavac ki ar
Secvlila.
1918 wlis saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis
gamocxadebisTanave, afxazebi da osebi qarTvel
17

bolSevikebTan erTad qmnian revkomebs ( revoluciuri
komitetebi), romlebic moiTxoven damoukideblobasa da
bolSevikur ruseTTan SeerTebas.
es, swored is periodia, rodesac denikinis yubanis
respublika pretenzias acxadebs mTels afxazeTze (
isini SeiWrnen soWSi da gagris raionSi).
parizis konferenciaze _ somxeTi saqarTvelosagan
iTxovs samxreT saqarTvelosa da zRvaze gasasvlels.
azerbaijani _ zaqaTalas olqs. TurqeTs dakavebuli
aqvs baTumi da abasTumani. swored, am mZime periodSi
saqarTveloSi iqmneba Sulaveris mTavroba (
kolaboracionistuli), romelic kremlSi dakompleqtda.
masSi Sediodnen bolSevikebi: filipe maxaraZe, mamia
oraxelaSvili, saSa gegeCkori, Salva eliava.
1921 wlis 21 Tebervals saqarTvelos mTavroba iRebs
konstitucias, romelic naCqarevad iqna SemuSavebuli
ukve ruseTidan dawyebuli agresiis fonze. saqarTvelos
1921 wlis konstituciis, 107-e muxlis Tanaxmad -
afxazeTi (soxumis mxare), samuslimano saqarTvelo
(baTumis mxare) da zaqaTalas olqi saqarTvelos
ganuyofeli nawilia. Tumca, siCqaris gamo ar aris
bolomde gawerili am olqebis Sida mowyobis detalebi.
miuxedavad 1920 wlis 7 maiss saqarTvelosa da
ruseTs Soris dadebuli sazavo xelSekrulebisa,
romlis mixedviTac ruseTi cnobs saqarTvelos
damoukideblobas, 1921 wels es xelSekruleba uxeSad
dairRva da ruseTis me –11 wiTelma armiam
azerbaijanidan, me-8 armiam soWidan, me-9 armiam
darialidan da me-13 armiam mamisonis uReltexilidan
sazRvari gadmokveTes da SemdegSi daipyres saqarTvelo.
davubrundeT ukanasknel movlenebs:
1988 wlis 18 marts sofel lixnSi sabWoTa
afxazeTis separatistulma Tavyrilobam miiRo mimarTva
damoukidebeli respublikis Seqmnisa da misi ruseTTan
mierTebis Taobaze, Tumca maSin am scenariT ver
ganxorcielda saqarTvelosagan afxazeTis mogleja.
18

1990 wlis 28 oqtombers demokratiuli,
mravalpartiuli arCevnebis Sedegad mosuli
xelisuflebis uzenaesi sabWo (sakanonmdeblo organo),
eyrdnoba ra 1991 wlis 31 marts Catarebul referendums,
romelic ganxorcielda saqarTvelos mTel
teritoriaze. referendumSi monawileobas iRebs
saqarTvelos mosaxleobis 87% ( maT Soris afxazebica
da osebic). referendumi moicavda or kiTxvas: gvsurs Tu
ara sabWoTa kavSiris rigebis datoveba, da - gvsurs Tu
ara damoukideblobis aRdgena. orive kiTxvas dadebiTad
upasuxa saqarTvelos mosaxleobis 80 % -ze metma. 1991
wlis 9aprili aris saqarTvelos damoukideblobis
aRdgenis gamocxadebis dRe.
am, arCevnebis Sedegad mosuli mTavrobis mier
ganxorcielda arsebuli 1978 wlis konstituciis
cvlilebebi. magaliTad, amoRebul iqna gansazRvrebebi
“sabWoTa”, “socialisturi”, “komunisturi” da a.S. am
konstituciiT gansazRvrul sazRvrebSi ( anu, aWara,
afxazeTi da samx.oseTi) moxda saqarTvelos cnoba
gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis mier.
afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikisaTvis
ganxorcielda cvlileba romlis mixedviTac afxazeTis
parlamentis 65 adgilidan, afxazeTis deputacias
miekuTvna ufro meti adgili (28 –afxazebi, 26 –
qarTvelebi, 11 – sxva erovnebaTa
warmomadgenlebisaTvis).
ase, rom afxazeTSi am droisaTvis ver moxerxda
separatistuli moZraobis agoreba.
1991 wlis 21 dekembers xeli moewera damoukidebel
saxelmwifoTa Tanamegobrobas. miuxedavad didi
zewolisa garedan, aseve, qveynis SigniT, sadac
prezident gamsaxurdias daupirispirda faqtiurad,
SeiaraRebuli opozicia, gamsaxurdiam am winadadebas
uariT upasuxa. eyrdnoboda ra xalxis nebas, romelmac
referendumiT gasca pasuxi “iZulebiT megobrobas”. 1991
wlis 22 dekembers ki, ( dsT-gaformebis meore dRes)
19

ganxorcielda kanonieri xelisuflebis damxoba
SeiaraRebuli gziT. amboxebulebi iyenebdnen rusul
SeiaraRebasa da teqnikas, romelic saqarTveloSi
dislocirebulma samxedro bazebma aTxoves
amboxebulebs. saxelmwifo gadatrialebis Sedegad,
Zalaufleba xelSi aiRo samxedro sabWom, romelmac
miiRo dadgenileba 1978 wlis konstituciis SeCerebisa
da 1918-1921 wlebis konstituciis amoqmedebis Sesaxeb.
1992 wlis martSi saqarTveloSi brundeba
moskovidan eduard SevardnaZe da samxedro sabWo
Zalauflebas gadascems saxelmwifo sabWos.
amave, 1992 wels ganxorcielebuli e.w. arCevnebis
Sedegad Semdgari parlamentis Tavmjdomares eduard
SevardnaZes eniWeba saxelmwifos meTauris statusi da
swored mis saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli 1918-1921 wlebis
konstituciis ratificireba . afxazeTisa da aWaris
adminitraciuli marTvis kanonTa gauwerlobam 1921 wlis
konstituciaSi iTamaSa sababis roli, raTa, afxazeTsac
ganexorcielebina konstituciuri cvlileba. ( Tumca,
ara damatebebisa da cvlilebebis saxiT, aramed
konstituciis Secvlis gziT).
1992w. afxazeTis uzenaesma sabWom moiwvia sagangebo
sesia, romelsac 65 deputatidan eswreboda mxolod 35
deputati ( qarTuli deputacia am sesias ar eswreboda).
dRis wesrigSi idga sakiTxi : “ 1978 wlis saqarTvelos
konstituciis gauqmebasTan da 1921 wlis konstituciis
miRebasTan dakavSirebiT, afxazeTis 1978 wlis
konstituciis Sewyvetisa da 1925 wlis konstituciis
moqmedebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb”.
samarTleblivad, sakonstitucio cvlilebas xmebis
2/3 sWirdeba, garda amisa deputaciis qvorumic. Tumca es
yovelive iqna ugulvebelyofili da amgvari uxeSi
darRvevebis fonze aRdgenil iqna 1925 wlis saWoTa
afxazeTis konstitucia ( romelic droebiT gamocxadda
mas Semdeg, rac 1921 wels moxda saqarTvelos aneqsia
ruseTis mier).
20

1991-92 wlebis movlenebi, vgulisxmob
demokratiulad arCeuli xelisuflebis samxedro gziT
damxobasa da saxelmwifo gadatrialebas Zalian mZime
SedegebiT aisaxa saqrTvelos rogorc Sida politikur
viTarebaze, aseve mis sagareo politikazec. 1994 wels
SevardnaZis TaosnobiT da misi umravlesobis
mxardaWeriT saqarTvelo aRmoCnda Seyvanili dsT -Si.
misi marTvelobidan gvergo gayinuli konfliqtebi
afxazeTsa da cxinvalis regionSi, sadac, e.w. samSvido
misias axorcielebdnen ruseTis jaris nawilebi.
vfiqrob, es istoriuli gamocdileba
mravlismTqmelia da dasafiqrebelia, rom kidev erTxel
ar izaralos saxelmwifo interesebma.
“samxreT oseTi” _ bolSevikuri termini
(5.09.2007 .,რეზონანსი)
dRes, rodesac saqarTveloSi ase aqtualuria
cxinvalis regionis problema, rodesac aTasobiT
devnili gvyavs am ZirZveli qarTuli kuTxidan, rodesac
ixileba misi statusis sakiTxi da Seqmnilia saxelmwifo
komisia swored am kuTxis statusis gansasazRvravad,
aucileblad migvaCnia: iqamde, sanam davakanonebT raimes,
gadavxedoT warsuls da sazogaoebas gavacnoT termin “
samxreT oseTis” – s warmoSobis istoria.
1917 wlis Tebervlis revoluciasa da sabWoTa
xelisuflebis damyarebas ruseTSi, emTxveva Sida
qarTlSi mcxovrebi osebis brZola erT administraciul
erTeulSi gaerTianebisaTvis.
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis
gamocxadebisTanave ajanyebuli osebica da afxazebic
21

sabWoTa xelisuflebisaTvis ibrZodnen. maT swamdaT, rom
sabWoTa xelisufleba, romelic damyarda ruseTSi ufro
progresuli iyo, vidre demokratiuli respublika.
(levan ToiZe, rogor Seiqmna oseTis avtonomiuri olqi.,
gv.8)
saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi osi mosaxleobisaTvis
gansakuTrebuli, calke administraciuli samazro
erTeulis Seqmnisa da teritoriuli mowyobis miznebis
misaRwevad 1917 wlis 15 –17 dekembers q. cxinvalSi
daarsda “samxreT oseTis erovnuli sabWo”.
1917 wlis 10 aprils amierkavkasiis gansakuTrebuli
komitetis Tavjdomarisadmi gagzavnil werilSi, axlad
Seqmnili “ samxreT oseTis erovnuli sabWo” iTxovs
calke, administraciuli erTeulis Seqmnas osi
mosaxleobisaTvis. unda aRiniSnos, rom am moZraobaSi os
bolSevikebTan erTad monawileobas qarTveli
bolSevikebic Rebulobdnen da maTi damokidebuleba
saqarTvelos axlad Seqmnili (1918 – 1921 ww.)
demokratiuli respublikisadmi aSkarad agresiuli iyo.
1918 wlis 4 ianvars bolSevikebis “ samxreT oseTis
erovnulma sabWom” acnoba saqarTvelos erovnul sabWos,
rom yoveli sakiTxi, romelic os xalxs Seexeboda,
amieridan am organosTan unda yofiliyo SeTanxmebuli
da rom es organo warmoadgends samxreT oseTis
umaRles xelmZRvanel centrs, xolo misi dislokaciis
adgili ki q. cxinvalia.
1918 wlis 10 ianvars ki “ samxreT oseTis erovnulma
sabWom” amierkavkasiis komisariats gaugzavna proeqti,
sadac aRniSnuli iyo Tu ra sazRvrebSi unda
Camoyalibebuliyo es administraciuli erTeuli. ai,
mokle amonaridi am proeqtidan:
" Опираясь на ясную и определенно выраженную волю
Южно Осетинского народа, мы находим, что справедливое
осушествление земского дела в Закавказье немыслимо без
образования особого уездного административного давления из
22

нагорных частей Рачинского, Горииского и Душетского уездов,
сплошь занятых южно - осетинским населением" (saqarTveos
uaxlesi istoriis centraluri arqivi., suicsa, f 1818,
aRw.1, saq.113, furc.1-5).
ase, rom TviT termini “samxreT oseTi” 1917 wlis 15-
17 dekembers gaCnda da ukve erT weliwadSi moiTxoven
calke administraciul erTeuls, romelic moicavs:
raWis, goris da duSeTis mazrebs.
sagulisxmo faqtia, rom am droisaTvis “samxreT
oseTis erovnuli sabWo” mxolod samazro saerobo
administraciuli erTeulis SeqmniT kmayofildeboda da
maTi interesebi ufro Sors ar midioda. mdgomareoba
TandaTan icvleba.
1918 w. 2_4 marts q. cxinvalSi gaimarTa “samxreT
oseTis erovnuli sabWos” pirveli sesia. sesia gaxsna
erovnuli sabWos Tavmjdomarem g.gagloevma. es is dro
iyo, roca TurqeTi warmatebiT utevda ruseTisagan
mitovebul saqarTvelos, romelsac jer sruli
damoukideblobac ver mieRo da mtris mogeriebac
Zalze uWirda. sesiis gadawyvetilebiT gagrZelebul
iqna muSaoba samxreT oseTis polkis formirebisaTvis.
iTqva, rom samxreT oseTis polki ara marto samxedro
erTeulia, aramed revoluciuri organizaciac, romelic
daicavs revoluciis monapovars. aseve, sesiam moismina g.
gagloevis informacia samxreT oseTisa da Crdilo
oseTis Soris gadasasvleli gzis mSeneblobis
mimdinareobis Sesaxeb, raTa dakavSireboda erTmaneTs
samxreT da Crdilo oseTi.
am droidan Cndeba es termini "samxreT oseTi"
mimoweraSi, blankebi, Stampebi da a.S.
1919 wlis ivlisSi “samxreT oseTis erovnulma
sabWom” saqarTvelos respublikis mTavrobas “samxreT
23

oseTis” teritoriuli mowyobis axali proeqti
SesTavaza. am proeqtis Tanaxmad goris, duSeTis da
raWis mazrebs Sorapnis mazrac daemata.
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobam
SeimuSava Tavisi varianti proeqtisa, romelic
gulisxmobda “javis mazris” Seqmnas osi
mosaxleobisaTvis, sadac saqmis warmoeba
ganxorcieldeboda deda enaze (anu osurad), xolo
saqarTvelos mTavrobasTan da mis organoebTan
urTierToba saxelmwifo enaze (qarTulad) iwarmoebda,
ramac bunebrivia “sabWos” ukmayofileba gamoiwvia.
dapirispireba gansakuTrebulad gamZafrda 1920
wels, rodesac rkp(b) _s kavkasiis samxareo komitetis
1920 w. 23 martis dadgenilebiT ganisazRvra, rom:
1) Seiqmnas samx.oseTis revoluciuri komiteti.
revkomis wevrebad dainiSnon amxanagebi: gagloevi,
jatievi da sanakoevi. 2) daiSalos Zveli samxareo
komitetebi 3) gamocxaddes sabWoTa xelisufleba da
droebiTi xelisufleba mTlianad gadavides revkomis
xelSi 4) goris mazris mTis dasaxlebisa da Crdilo
oseTis saswrafo dakavSireba 5) SeiaraRebuli
formirebebis saswrafod Seqmna. am saWiroebebisaTvis
revkoms gadaeces 100 000 maneTi oqroTi. ( Борьба за
победу Советской власти в Грузии. Документы и материалы, 1917
- 1921 гг. ТБ. 1958, gv. 552-553.).
1920 wels 8 maiss revkomma gamoacxada sabWoTa
xelisufleba roqis raionSi. ajanyebulebs daxmareba
CrdiloeTidan _ Tergis olqidan gauwies, ase
iwodeboda imJamad Crdilo oseTi.
am dros ukve dadebulia saqarTvelosa da ruseTs
Soris samSvidobo xelSekruleba ( 1920 wlis 7 maiss),
romlis ZaliTac ruseTma cno saqarTvelos
damoukidebloba ( erTad-erTi pirobiT: rom
24

saqarTvelos mTavrobas mieca bolSevikebisaTvis Riad
moqmedebis saSualeba).
1920 wlis 28 maiss rkp ( b) samxreT oseTis q.
vladikavkazSi moewyo saokrugo organizaciis II
konferencia. konferenciam ganixila da daamtkica v.
sanakoevis mier momzadebuli memorandumi, romelic
gaegzavna rkp ( b ) - s centrlur komitets, saxalxo
komisarTa sabWos, rkp ( b ) Crdilo oseTis samxareo
komitets, kavkasiis frontis samxedro revoluciur
sabWos, me-10 wiTeli armiis politkoms da sardals.
raJden kozaevis mogonebidan (Известия. Южно-
Осетинского научно исследовательского института краеведения,
выпуск II, Сталинир, 1935,gv. 119-120) тов. Санакоев Влади
вручил нам меморандум с письменным наказом : предоставить
меморандум в ЦК РКП ( б) и лично тов. Ленину. . . . . . .
твердо отстаивать что Южная Осетия - это неотделимая
часть Советской России и ничего общего не имеет и не
желает иметь с меншевитской Грузией, в виду чего
необходимо ее немедленно занять Красной Армией. Согласно
воле трудящихся Юго-Осетии, объявивших у себя Советскую
Власть memorandumis sruli teqsti SegiZliaT ixiloT
(В.Д. Цховребов. Владимир Санакоев, Биографические разыскания,
Цхинвали, 1938, gv. 119 - 129)
mivadevnoT Tvali, Tu rogor viTardeba movlenebi:
jer iTxoven: calke, administraciuli erTeulis Seqmnas,
Semdgom gazardes sasurveli teritoriis farglebi da
bolos iTxoven saqarTvelodan am teritoriis mowyvetas
da ruseTTan mierTebas.
1921 wlis 6-8 seqtemberis samxreT oseTis revkomis
da partkomis gaerTianebulma sxdomam daamtkica
"samxreT oseTis socialisturi sabWoTa respublikis"
konstituciis proeqti da sabWoTa socialisturi
samxreT oseTis sazRvrebis proeqti (duSeTis,
25

goris, raWisa da Sorapnis mazrebi). samx.oseTis sabWoTa
socialisturi respublikis konstituciis proeqti 15
muxlisagan Sedgeboda. respublikis dedaqalaqad
gamocxadebuli iyo q. cxinvali, dasaxuli iyo samxedro
cxenosanTa nawilis Camoyalibeba, romlis
xelmZRvaneloba ganxorcieldeboda rusul enaze. yvela
finansuri da teqnikuri saSualebebiT samxreT oseTi
uzrunvelyofili unda yofiliyo saqarTvelodan,
saqarTvelos biujetidan., samx.oseTsa da saqarTvelos
Soris sakontaqto ena unda iyos rusuli. samxreT
oseTis sabWoTa socialisturi respublika
nebayoflobiT amyarebs federaciul kavSirs
saqarTvelos respublikasTan. federaciuli kavSiris
formiT garantirebulia samxreT oseTis mSromelTa
politikuri uflebebis maqsimumi. samxreT oseTis
sabWoTa socialisturi respublika yalibdeba
sazRvrebSi, romelic Seesabameba arsebul eTnografiul,
geografiul da ekonomiur pirobebs. am proeqtis
Tanaxmad, samx.oseTis sabW.soc.resp. - is mSromelebs
SeeqmnaT garantiebi Tavisufali ekonomikuri da
kulturuli ganviTarebisaTvis. ( suicsa, f 281, aRw. 2,
saq. 3, furc.164 )
sainteresoa, rom namdvil oseTSi, romelic
kavkasionis qeds gadaRmaa kasris xeobis iqeT, ruseTma
ar dainaxa saWirod Seeqmna am wlebSi osuri
saxelmwifoebrivi organizmi. aRniSnul etapze igi (
oseTi) Sedioda mTis avtonomiur sabWoTa socialistur
respublikaSi ( sxva mTiel xalxTan erTad), xolo
saqarTveloSi, sadac osoba warmoadgens xiznebsa da
kolonistebs _ maTTvis oTxi mazridan goris, duSeTis,
Sorapnisa da raWis, xelovnurad gamoiWra osuri
avtonomia.
6-8 seqtembris dadgenilebas Tan daurTes "mokle
ganmar-tebiTi baraTi", romelSic mocemuli iyo cda
daesabuTebinaT samxreT oseTis sabWoTa socialisturi
26

respublikis Seqmnis aucilebloba. moxsenebiTi baraTi
Sedgeboda Semdegi ganyofilebebisagan: 1) samx.oseTis
geografiuli mdebareoba da mosaxleobis raodenoba,
2)samx.oseTis ekonomiuri mdgomareoba da misi
mosaxleobis kulturuli ganviTarebis done,
3)istoriul-socialuri ganviTareba, samx.oseTis glexTa
revoluciuri brZolis istoria da daskvna.
Zalian sainteresoa daskvniTi nawili, romelic
mocemulia l.ToiZis naSromSi "rogor Seiqmna samxreT
oseTis avtonomiuri olqi". ai mokle amonaridi am
daskvnidan: " samx.oseTis revkomi da partiuli komiteti
adastureben,rom 1) samx.oseTis glexTa moZraoba
klasobriv niadagze ki ar iyo aRmocenebuli, aramed igi
erovnul xasiaTs atarebda. 2) samx. oseTis bolSevikuri
organizaciebi mxolod 1918 wlis ivlisSi Seiqmna. 3) 1919
w. oqtombris Semdgom samx.oseTSi gamarTuli saxalxo
yrilobebi ayenebdnen samx. oseTis politikuri
TviTgamorkvevisa da Tergis respublikasTan misi
SeerTebis sakiTxs.
absoluturad gaugebaria, samxreT oseTis
revoluciuri komiteti da partiuli komiteti Tu ratom
moiTxovdnen saqarTvelos teritoriaze ( goris,duSeTis,
Sorapnisa da raWis mazrebis safuZvelze) samxreT
oseTis sabWoTa socialisturi respubliki Seqmnas. Tu
ra bedi ewia samx. oseTis bolSevikebis partiul
sxdomaze 1921wlis 6-8 seqtembers miRebul
dadgenilebas, samxreT oseTis sabWoTa socialisturi
respublikis Seqmnis Taobaze, gamoCnda 1922 wlis 20
aprils, roca, ukve saqarTvelos sabWoTa socialisturi
respublikis centralurma aRmasrulebelma komitetma da
saxalxo komisarTa sabWom am dRes miiRo dekreti
(dekreti #2) samxreT oseTis avtonomiuri olqis
mowyobis Taobaze. am gadawyvetilebaze (ar
dakmayofilda avtonomiuri respublikis moTxovna da
mieniWa avtonomiuri olqis statusi) didi gavlena
27

iqonia am regionis mosaxleobis kategoriulma
moTxovnam da protestma.
specialuri komisiis moxsenebiTi baraTidan,
romelic waredgina saqarTvelos ssr Sinagan saqmeTa
saxalxo komisariats:
" . . . 1921 wlis oqtomber - noembris TveebSi,
rodesac xmebi gavrcelda, rom cxinvalis raioni
qalaqiTurT unda gadavides samxreT oseTis
xelisuflebaze, mTelma qarTvelma mosaxleobam
cxinvalis raionisa, saxeldobr soflebma: kexvam, qvemo
aCabeTma, zemo aCabeTma, arbom, dicma, kordma, qvemo
niqozma, avnevma, Zarwebma, dagvrisma, nulma, zemo xviTma,
qvemo xviTma, zemo niqozma, yelqceulma, qemerTma,
qurTam, TamaraSenma, vanaTma da TviT cxinvalma e.i. 20
sofelma warmoagzavna Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo
komisariatSi Tavisi werilobiTi dadgenilebani,
romlebiTac isini Txouloben Zvel administraciul e.i.
goris mazris farglebSi darCenas. Suamdgomloba amaTi
imdenad kategoriuli formiT iyo gamoTqmuli, rom
aravis eWvi ar daebada maTi aseTi neba-survilis
sinamdvilesa da gulwrfelobaSi. bevri am sofelTagani
amasac ki ambobda _ sjobs cocxlad dagvxoceT, vidre
oseTis xelisuflebis qveS dagvtovoTo" ( suicsa, f
284,aRw.1,saq.62, furc.81).
1922 wlis ianvarSi saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa
saxalxo komisariats gadasces q. cxinvalSi mcxovreb
qarTvelTa, somexTa da ebraelTa saerTo krebis
dadgenileba, romliTac isini moiTxovdnen cxinvalisa
da misi raionis kvlav istoriul sazRvrebSi darCenas.
aseTive werilebi igzavneboda mravlad, ase mag.:
sof.nedlaTa, xundisubani, bindara, TiRva, alabara,
sacxvneTi, zemo da qvemo oqona. aseve, xurvaleTis Temis
sof. winagaris mcxovrebTa warmomadgenelni (xubuluri
28

da qiCinaSvili), romlebic rva soflis saxeliT
moiTxoven Zvel qarTul sazRvrebSi darCenas.
dekretiT dadginda am regionis erTi nawilis
statistikuri monacemebi. sagulisxmoa, rom roca
samxreT oseTis avtonomiur olqs xelovnurad qmnidnen
da masSi qarTul soflebs ZaliT aerTianebdnen,
rogorc zemoT ukve avRniSneT, kavkasionis iqeTa osebs,
romelic osTa namdvili, Tavdapirveli samSobloa,
araviTari sakuTari avtonomia ar gaaCnda. Crdilo
oseTis avtonomiuri olqi mxolod 1924 wels warmoiqmna
ruseTis sf respublikaSi. 1936wels am avtonomiur olqs
mieniWa avtonomiuri respublikis ststusi. magram, vidre
es moxdeboda, garkveuli Zalebi samxreT oseTisa da
Crdilo oseTis gaerTianebas ukve cdilobdnen.
am Temis irgvliv 1925 wlis 15 ivliss msjeloba
hwonda saqarTvelos centralur aRmasrulebel
komitets. imave wlis 7agvistos ki amierkavkasiis
centraluri aRmasrulebelis komitetis prezidiumma (
saqarTvelos centraluri aRmasrulebeli komitetis
wardginebiT) ganixila (27-e sakiTxad) ori osuri
avtonomiis gaerTianebis sakiTxi da daadgina: rom
ZiriTadSi saqarTvelos aRmasrulebeli komiteti
gaerTianebis winaaRmdegi ar aris, Tumca
gansakuTrebuli Tvalsazrisi gamoTqva amierkavkasiis
aRmasr. komitetis prezidiumis wevrma amx.nazretianma,
rom " В виду того, что ближающие пять десять лет
экономическое объединение невозможно за отсутствием путей
сообшения ( перевал,соединяющий Сев.Осетию с Южной,
закрывается 9 месяцев) , разрешение вопроса об объединении
автономных областей Северной и Южной Осетии считаю
преждевременным " (suicsa, f.607, aRw. 1, saq. 320, furc.
70 ).
aqedan gamomdinare advili misaxedria, Tu ra
mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen roqis uReltexilis
29

mSeneblobas. am mxriv transkavkasiuri magitralis
mSenebloba 1979 wels namdvilad ar iyo nakarnaxevi
saqarTvelos erovnuli interesebiT.
es vrceli istoriuli eqskursi imisaTvis
dagvWirda, rom saqarTvelos sazogadoebriobam srulad
aRidginos imdroindeli istoriuli viTareba. rom
naTeli iyos, Tu rogor da rodis Seiqmna bolSevikurma
revkomma termini “samxreT oseTi”, rom Tavis droze, am
terminis damkvidreba mxolod separatistul miznebsa da
saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobis xelyofas
emsaxureboda.
da, sanam raime gadawyvetilebas miviRebT, kargad
gaviazroT, ra termins vnergavT da ra Sedegebamde
SeiZleba migviyvanos yovelive aman.
1917 wels dawyebuli danaSauli grZeldeba
(rezonansi., “mTeli kvira”, 2007w. 8oqtomberi)
1917 wlis oqtombris revolucia iyo erTi didi
danaSauli, rasac “didi komunisturi eqsperimenti” hqvia.
es danaSaulebrivi eqsperimenti grZeldeba bolSevizmis
sulieri memkvidreebis mier dResac.
XX s-is dasawyisSi daiwyo axali “sabWoTa
sazogadoebis” mSenebloba didi danaSaulis fonze, rac
gulisxmobda religiis, rwmenis, moraluri normebis
ganadgurebas da axali “sabWoTa kriminaluri eTikis”
damkvidrebas.
makiaveliseuli maqsima “mizani amarTlebs
saSualebebs” safuZvlad daedo bolSevikur moZraobas.
diadi mizani maleve gamokristalda, rogorc
danaSaulebrivi mizani. am gantolebaSi _ mizans,
30

saSualebebsa da borotebas Soris Tamamamad SeiZleba
daisvas tolobis niSani.
axali sazogadoebis mSenebloba xorcieldeboda
yovelive zneobrivis absoluturi uaryofis fonze.
“sabWoTa manqana” swored am principebis safuZvelze
apirebda sazogadoebis marTvas.
sabWoTa ideologiisaTvis yvelaze metad
damaxasiaTebeli ki, albaT iyo “sabWoTa moralis”
uzenaesoba (da ara kanonisa). sabWoTa morali da
kanoniereba ar iyo TanxvedraSi, rac TavisTavad
gaxldaT ormagi standartis safuZveli.
sabWoTa sociumi iqmneboda xelovnurad, Zaladobis,
dasmenebis da gulagebis meSveobiT. faqtobrivad, es iyo
mkvdraddabadebuli sociumi, romlis funqcionireba
SesaZlebeli iyo mxolod saxelmwifo manqanis mudmivi
wnexis qveS. sakmarisi iyo dawyebuliyo sabWoTa reJimis
rRveva, rom gamqraliyo sociumis is forma, romelsac
totalitaruli reJimi asazrdoebda. albaT, swored amis
Sedegia myife da susti samoqalaqo kultura, rac dRes
aris aucilebeli qveynis asaRorZineblad.
Tu gavixsenebT, ras ebrZoda sabWoTa ideologia da
“kriminaluri eTikis” fuZemdeblebi, iqneb kidec
gavaRwioT labirinTidan da marTlac daviwyoT Cveni
qveynis aRmSenebloba.
kriminaluri eTikis da sabWoTa ideologiis
pirveli samizne eklesia, rwmena da qristianuli morali
iyo. zneobas daupirispirda dasmenebi, sisastike,
momxveWeloba da aRviraxsniloba. socialur
urTierTobaTa tradiciul formebs
(aristokratia,glexoba, wvrilmewarmeoba, xelosnoba da
sxv.) gamocxadebuli hqonda Seurigebeli brZola.
sikeTes daupirispirda boroteba, saTnoebas _
siZulvili. yovelive es ki inergeboda usazRvro SiSisa
da sisastikis fonze.
31

cnobilia, rom inglisuri kapitalizmis
ganviTarebis epoqas safuZvlad “protestantuli eTika”
daedo. ufro metic, XX saukunis erT-erTi yvelaze
cnobili naSromi dasavleTis samyaroSi _ arnold
toinbis “istoriuli etiudebi” ( A Study of Hystory ),
romelic warmoadgens kacobriobis mTel istorias,
gvawvdis metad saintereso analizs. a. toinbis azriT
istoriis “iuridiuli piri” aris sazogadoeba da
civilizaciebi. misi Teoriis mixedviT mTeli
kacobriobis istoria aris 21 civilizaciis istoria (XX
s.-is dasawyisisTvis) dawyebuli egvipturi da
Sumerulidan da gagrZelebuli dasavleT qristianuli,
aRmosavleT qristianuli, induisturi, islamuri, Cinuri,
iaponia-koreuli da sxv. am fundamenturi Sromis
safuZvelze avtori Tvlis, rom civilizaciaTa
formirebisaTvis aucilebeli aris ori faqtori:
religia da geografia.
sabWoTa reJimma ideologiis qvakuTxedad SearCia :
siZulvili da Suri (rac aRmoCnda saocrad Zlieri
faqtori masaTa mobilizaciisaTvis).
ruseTi ar iyo pioneri aTeisturi sazogadoebis
aSenebis mcdelobaSi. safrangeTis revoluciis Sedegad,
iakobinelebma kliunis saabato (XI s-is saeklesio-samonastro
kompleqsi) qvebis grovad aqcies. igive bedi
eloda ulamazes Sartris taZarsac, rom dasclodaT.
giliotinaze ahyavdaT mRvdlebi, Secvales
welTaRricxva da saxelebi Seucvales weliwadis Tveebs
( raTa maTgan yofiliyo dawyebuli axali
droeba).yovelive aman gastana 12 weliwads. saxelmwifo
aTeizma ver gadaabija pirvel respublikas.
safrangeTi daubrunda kaTolikuri eklesiis wiaRs
da dasavlur qristianul civilizacias.
sabWoeTSi “kriminalurma eTikam” gastana 70
weliwads. yvelaze ufro mZime Sedegi am reJimisa ki, is
gaxlavT, rom _ Tu adre religias sabWoTa reJimi da
32

propaganda devnida, Semdgomi viTareba aranakleb mZime
aRmoCnda.
gaCnda axali tipi adamianebisa, romlebic
yovelgvari Zaladobisa da propagandis gareSe
gaizardnen namdvil aTeistebad. Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas,
rom umravlesoba, romlebic dRes wamyvan poziciebze
arian xelisuflebaSi, swored rom namdvili sabWoelebi
arian. maTi kredoa “ erTxel cxovrob da yvelaferi
unda aiRo am cxovrebisagan, sulerTia ra gzebiT, Cvens
Semdgom _ Tundac warRvna ”.
magram, davubrundeT im procesebs, romelic mohyva
sabWoTa reJimis rRvevas saqarTveloSi.
“sabWoTa manqanis” TandaTanobiTma xrwnam, droTa
ganmavlobaSi axali nayofi gamoiRo. es gaxlavT _
saxelmwifo mafiizacia. saxelmwifo erT did
mafiozur qselad gadaiqca. sabazro ekonomikis
pirobebSi ki, es procesi mxolod ufro daCqarda da
gamoaSkaravda. industriul potencials, nedleulsa da
bunebriv resursebs eloda gaflangva, daniaveba da
sruli ganadgureba. TvalsaCinoa politikis
kriminalizacia da kriminalis politizacia.
Tu, SeviswavlidiT adgilobriv administraciul
politikuri erTeulebis mdgomareobas, marTveli
saxelisuflebo elitis finansuri interesebis sferoebs
da martivad rom vTqvaT “ vin ras flobs”, garwmunebT
danaSaulebrivi sindikatis ruka saxeze iqneba.
maS, rogor, saidan daviwyoT Cveni qveynis Seneba,
roca sabWoTa reJimi saxecvlili formiT kidev
agrZelebs funqcionirebas.
yovelive amis gaTvaliswinebiT naTelia, rom: vidre
qveynis
marTveli ZalisaTvis mTavari iqneba _ kriminaluri
eTika, kriminaluri interesebi da kriminaluri
Rirebulebebi, SeiZleba CavTvaloT, rom 1917 wels
dawyebuli didi danaSauli jer kidev grZeldeba.
33

Tu esvri warsuls, momavali gesvris Sen!
(რეზონანსი., 2009w. 10 იანვარი)
demokratiuli saxelmwifos arsebobis piroba aris –
demokratiuli arCevnebi da es aqsiomaa. arCevnebi ki,
Tavad sityva gulisxmobs arCevas, erTsa da meores, an
sxvadasxvas Soris. yvelaze martiv arCevnebsac ki,
rogoricaa, magaliTad “arCevani-aradani” Tavisi wesi
aqvs, anu vin pirveli daiZaxebs “arCevani me”. xolo,
Semdeg, aseve garkveuli wesis mixedviT “arCevani –
aradani” irCevs Tavis gunds. am primitiul magaliTzec
ki sCans, rom yovelgvar arCevnebs pirvel rigSi
sWirdeba arCevnebis wesze SeTanxmeba. xSirad miTqvams,
da kidev gavimeoreb, rom saqarTvelos politikuri
speqtrisaTvis aucilebelia warsulis Secdomebis
gaanalizeba, raTa momavlSi igive ar ganmeordes da
erTi da igive wreze ar vitrialoT.
5 ianvris saprezidento arCevnebis dros,
opoziciam SesZlo amomrCevelTa xmebis mobilizacia,
magram ver SesZlo erT opoziciur kandidatze Sejereba
da sabolood erTmaneTs waarTves xmebi ( xazs vusvam
erTmaneTs da ara xelisuflebas). arsebuli darRvevebis
fonzec ki, erTi kandidati _ erTis winaaRmdeg, bevrad
momgebiani iqneboda
ra daskvnebi gamovitaneT Semdegi arCevnebisaTvis?!
21 maisis saparlamento arCevnebze – gavimeoreT
igive Secdoma da maJoritarul olqebSi arCevnebze,
opoziciurma kandidatebma erTmaneTs xmebi waarTves.
rasakvirvelia, es, im mocemulobis fonze, rom
34

xelisufleba arCevnebze iyenebda zemoqmedebis yvela
daSvebul da akrZalul xerxebs.
saprezidento arCevnebis Sedegad, amomrCevelTa erT
nawils gauCnda amaoebis gancda da Cven, maTi saxiT
davkargeT aqtiuri amomrCeveli, riTic kargad isargebla
xelisuflebam.
parlamentSi “Sesvla – ar Sesvlis” sakiTxi mimaCnia,
rom unda gamovtovo, radgan: me, da politikosTa erT
nawils, migvaCnda, rom am saxis boikoti _ Jestia. me, ki
politikaSi Jestebis momxre ara var. mimaCnia, rom
mTavaria swori politikuri qmedeba (Jesti – pozaa,
romelsac ar mohyveba araferi, garda imisa, Tu rogor
gamoiyurebi). SeiZleba, bevrad Znelia gadadga
arapopularuli nabiji sazogadoebrivi azris kuTxiT,
magram mTavaria darwmunebuli iyo, rom Seni qmedeba
sworia da ukompromiso, Tundac arapopularuli.
mimaCnia, rom es sakiTxic rom yofiliyo
Sexedulebebis Widili da ara erTmaneTis lanZRva,
nakleb dazaraldeboda SemdgomisaTvis politikuri
procesebi saqarTveloSi.
vfiqrob, dRes, yvelas amocanaa (yovel SemTxvevaSi
ase unda iyos) _ arCevnebiT xelisuflebis Secvlaze
zrunva. magram, yvela Secdomas, rac aqamde davuSviT,
isev vimeorebT. ara, Tu vimeorebT, aramed kidev ufro
mcdar gzaze gavediT.
opozicia, Tu wina arCevnebze xmebs arTevda
erTmaneTs, dRes – erTmaneTis lanZRviT aris
dakavebuli. amgvarad, mimdinareobs opoziciuri
eleqtoratis daqucmaceba. maSin, rodesac
saxelisuflebo eleqtorati stabilurad monoliTuria.
miveCvioT realobis danaxvas. dRes, opoziciis
liderebad gvevlinebian isini, visi meSveobiTac
yalbdeboda arCevnebi, xorcieldeboda maxinji
35

reformebi. magram, ra? dRes amboben imas, risi mosmenac
exla, am wams gsiamovnebT. aseTi principiT, xom yvelas,
vinc dRes xelisuflebaSia, SeuZlia Tqveni ndobiT
isargeblos, Tu moxsnis, an, gadayenebis Semdeg mkvaxed
ilaparakebs xelisuflebaze.
Tu, Cven SevZlebT Secdomebis gaanalizebas, Cveni
piradi “simpatia – antipatiaze “ zemoT dadgomas.
ara Tu, politikaSi, aramed, yvelaze humanur
dargebSic ki, rogoricaa medicina an pedagogika,
profesionali fasdeba Tavisi profesiuli codniTa da
profesiuli SesaZleblobebiT, da ara momxibvlelobiT
da kargi xasiaTiT.
iqneb moverioT am adamianur sisusteebs da erTxel
da samudamod gaverTiandeT ideebis da midgomebis
garSemo da ara viRacis winaaRmdeg.
uaryofis – uaryofa usasrulo procesia da
Sedegad isev uaryofiTi moaqvs. am procesma saTave aiRo
1991 wels, roca politikosebis erTma jgufma
gadawyvita politikuri realobis Secvla ZaladobiT
da amas, naTeli miznebiT amarTlebdnen.
naTeli mizani miiRweva, aseve, naTeli da
gamWvirvale meTodebiT. aseTi meTodi ki aris _
Tavisufali da demokratiuli arCevnebi.
SeiZleba, gana, gadawyvito namcxvris gamocxoba, Tu
ara gaqvs arc fqvili, arc kvercxi, arc Saqari, Tu gaqvs
mxolod survili? Tu, gvinda mivaRwioT mizans,
vizrunoT im produqtebze, romelmac es namcxvari unda
gamoacxos. es produqtebi ki aris: 1) saarCevno kodeqsi (
da yvelam erTad vizrunoT saarCevno kodeqsis
gajansaRebaze), 2) saarCevno administraciis arCevis
wesis Secvlaze da a.S.
namcxvarze gamaxsenda, novodvorskaias
araCveulebrivi werili “Брюсельский пирог трусости”. am
werilSi kargad aris gaanalizebuli ruseTis agresia
saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg.
36

nuTu, mxolod imisaTvis, rom gaikicxos dRevandeli
xelisufleba, Tanaxma xarT saqarTvelos teritoriebis
dakargvaze!
nuTu, aseTi Zneli misaxvedria, Tu, ratom amtkicebs
ruseTi aseTi TavgamodebiT, rom “omi daiwyo
saqarTvelom”!!! da, Tu, vinme ver xvdeba, mousmineT maT,
vinc amas mTeli sicxadiT xedavs.
mTeli arsi “pirveli gasrolis”–a mdgomareobs
Semdeg-Si: Tu, saqarTvelom ganaxorciela e.w. pirveli
gasrola da agresia cxinvalze, maSin ruseTis qmedeba
gamarTlebulia. radgan, maTi argumentia, rom isini
icavdnen Tavis moqalaqeebsa da samSvidoboebs
saqarTvelos agresiisagan. amgvarad, agresorebi ki ar
arian, aramed iZulebuli iyvnen Tavi daecvaT. ase, rom
Semdgomi maTi qmedebac gamarTlebulia (vgulisxmob
saqarTvelos teritoriebis gamoyofis cnobas), radgan
mcirericxovan erebs “icavdnen” saqarTvelos
agresiisagan. am SemTxvevaSi, ruseTs SeiZleba hqondes
msoflios mxardaWeris imedi. swored am argumentiT
cdilobs ruseTi gamoacalos saqarTvelos msoflio
Tanamegobrobis mxardaWera.
es gindaT?!
nuTu istoria sityvebis uazro raxa-ruxi ggoniaT.
visac wakiTxuli aqvs giorgievskis traqtati, icis, rom
es, faqtiurad iyo ormxrivi samezoblo xelSekruleba.
gaaRiziana gana ramiT saqarTvelom ruseTis imperia,
samefo taxti rom gaauqmes qarTl-kaxeTSi, imereTsa, Tu
afxazeTSi. qveynis aneqsia rom moaxdines da saqarTvelo
ruseTis guberniad, rom gadaaqcies! an, ra danaSauli
miuZRoda axalgazrda saqarTvelos respublikas
kacobriobis winaSe, rom 1921 wlis TebervalSi sami
mxridan Semouties da dapyrobili saqarTvelo ZaliT
Seiyvanes sabWoTa kavSiris SemadgenlobaSi.
an, romeli mcire eris uflebebi irRveoda 1989 wlis
9 aprils, roca sastikad gauswordnen damoukideblobis
moTxovniT gamosul xalxs.
37

da bolos, kidev erTxel gavimeoreb, roca 1991wlis
22 dekembers saqarTvelos uzenaes sabWos miayenes
sabrZolo teqnika maSinac, zogierTebi Tavs
imarTlebdnen, rom “ pirveli gasrola xelisuflebas
ekuTvnoda”.
nuTu, aseTi Zneli gasagebia, rom saqarTvelos
teritoriaze ucxo qveynis regularuli armiis Semosvla
_ ukve gasrolaa!
“pirveli gasrolis” argumenti, ruseTis mxridan
Zalian mzakvrulad aris “Semogdebuli”. ician, ra, rom
saqarTvelos dRevandel xelisuflebas hyavs
mowinaaRmdegeebi, or kurdRels erTad klaven: erTis
mxriv, umtkivneulod (saerTaSoriso sazogadoebrioebis
azris SecvliT ) cdiloben daeuflon saqarTvelos
teritoriebs. da, meores mxriv _cdiloben moiSoron
maTTvis arasasurveli xelisufleba.
nuTu misaRebia ruseTis es miznebi!
yvelas Tavisi mosazreba aqvs. zogi SeiZleba
fiqrobs, rom oRond eseni nu iqnebian, danarCens ki,
naklebi mniSvneloba aqvs.
CemTvis, piradad amgvari midgoma miuRebelia. roca,
1993 wels SevardnaZem afxazeTSi Seiyvana jari
rkinigzis dacvis mizniT, rasac, faqtiurad mohyva
saomari moqmedebebi, me mqonda seriozuli eWvebi
yovelive amasTan dakavSirebiT ( da, ara marto me),
sxvaTaSoris, im dros, sazogadoebrivi azri mzaddeboda,
rom zviad gamsaxurdias mimdevrebs uxariaT, rom
qarTvelebi iRupebian omSi – es iyo Savi fiari. Tu,
obieqturad SevafasebT movlenaTa Tanmimdevrobas,
Tundac 1991wlis 22 dekembridan dawyebuli, yvelaferi
naTelia, ra da risTvis keTdeboda. magram, yovelive amis
miuxedavad, vimeoreb, rom saqarTvelos teritoriaze
saqarTvelos jaris nawilebi rkinigzis dasacavad
gadaadgildebodnen, Tu aeroportis _ es ruseTis saqme
ar iyo. swored, am motiviT wavediT maSin omSi, Cveni
politikuri Sexedulebebisa da eWvebis miuxedavad.
38

rogorc vxedavT, ruseTis istoriis yvela etapze,
vgulisxmob dawyebuli mefis ruseTidan, damTavrebuli
sabWoTa Tu, dRevandeli gaugebari formaciis ruseTiT,
maT saqarTvelos mimarT mxolod erTi mizani
amoZravebs:
es aris ruseTis zegavlenis qveS myofi
saqarTvelo.
yvelam, Tavis gulSi gadawyvitos, SesaZlebelia Tu
ara, rom ruseTis saqarTvelosadmi mravalsaukunovani
interesi emTxveodes saqarTvelos moqalaqis interesebsa
da survilebs. Tu, amas SesaZleblad TvliT, Riad
ganacxadeT, rom gsurT ruseTis SemadgenlobaSi yofna _
es, ufro zneobrivi iqneba.
dRes, aseve xSirad gaigebT, iseT cinikur
gancxadebebsac “marTla sulelia, Tu vinmes hgonia, rom
omi movigeT, rom oTx dReze meti ver gavaCereT ruseTis
jari da a.S.” am xalxis gasagonad minda vTqva, rom Cven
ukve maSin movigeT, roca ruseTis regularuli armia
saqarTvelos teritoriaze Semovida (gaaSiSvles, ra
Tavisi realuri miznebi) da mTeli msofliosaTvis
mSvidobimyofelebisagan gadaiqcnen agresorebad. Tumca,
vidre ruseTis jari dgas saqarTvelos teritoriaze omi
jer ar damTavrebula da Tu, rusul politikas mxarSi
amoudgebian qarTveli politikosebi da erTad
daumtkiceben msoflios, rom saqarTvelo aris agresori
da ruseTi ki icavda mSvidobasa da samarTlianobas,
maSin Cven marTla davmarcxdebiT. yovel SemTxvevaSi
dRes yvelaferi swored am gziT midis.
Riad, yvela afiqsirebs, rom saqarTvelo unda iyos
damoukidebeli, da rom ruseTisagan mitacebuli
teritoriebi unda dabrundes, magram rogorc sCans,
gulSi sxvagvarad fiqroben. am SemTxvevaSi, jobs
daufaravad gamoiTqvas yvela mosazreba da vikamaToT am
poziciis garSemo.
ase, rom “piveli gasrolis” argumentis ukan rac
imaleba, yvelasTvis naTelia. agvistoSi Cven msofliom
39

dagviWira mxari, radgan viyaviT agresiis msxverpli.
dRes, es mxardaWera nel-nela gvakldeba, ruseTisa da
qarTveli politikosebis erTi nawilis mtkicebiT, rom
saqarTvelo agresiis msxverpli ki, ara, Tavad aris
agresori qveyana.
yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, yvelani unda
SevTanxmdeT Cveni qveynis erovnuli usafrTxoebis
fundamentur safuZvlebze. aseve, unda SevTanxmdeT: ra
aris Cveni mizani, xelisuflebaSi mosvla, Tu
demokratiuli sitemis Seqmna. pirveli _ ar SeiZleba
miznad CaiTvalos, radgan Cans mxolod survili da ara
is, Tu ra miznebis gansaxorcieleblad ginda
xelisuflebaSi mosvla.
demokratiuli sistemis Seqmna _ es marTlac mizania
da Tu, yvela am mizanze SevTanxmdebiT, mivaRwevT
kidevac. nuTu ver SevZlebT, rom SevimuSavoT iseTi
saarCevno kanonmdebloba, romlis pirobebSi –
garantirebuli iqneba Tavisufali da demokratiuli
arCevnebi. da, arCevnebSi gamarjvebulica da
damarcxebulic qveynis fundamentur interesebs
moemsaxureba.
gansxvavebul azrs yvela ebrZvis
(rezonansi., 2008w. 14 ivnisi)
aravisaTvis ar aris dasamali, rom saqarTvelos
mosaxleobis didi nawili mxars uWerda opozicias da
surda xelisuflebis Secvla samarTleblivi gziT.
xelisuflebisa, romelsac ukontrolobis gancda
40

daeufla da adamianis yvela uflebaTa Selaxvis gzas
daadga. gansakuTrebiT aRsaSfoTebeli iyo
umravlesobis mier SemoRebuli uzneo principi: “ vinc
CvenTan ar aris, is qveynis moRalatea”.
Sedegad, saqarTvelos mosaxleobis udides nawils,
xelisufleba Tvlida meorexarisxovan moqalaqeebaT.
swored, amgvari damokidebulebis Sedegad miviReT 7
noemberi.
CvenTvis, aradamakmayofilebelad Catarebuli 5
ianvris
arCevnebis Sedegad arCeulma prezidentma daniSna
saparlamento arCevnebi. da, miuxedavad imisa, rom
mosaxleobis umravlesoba miviCnevdiT, rom es arCevnebi
dainiSna aralegitimurad, radgan vxedavdiT meore
turis aucileblobas, Cven monawileoba miviReT axlad
arCeuli prezidentis mier daniSnul arCevnebSi.
garkveul wilad es iyo erTgvari kompromisi
xelisuflebasTan, radgan uari vTqviT brZolaze
“saprezidento arCevnebis meore turisaTvis”.
Cven, am arCevnebSi CavebiT ise, rom arc erTi
seriozuli cvlileba saarCevno kanonmdeblobaSi ar
ganxorcielebula. metic, mTavari “Semoqmedi” arCevnebSi
danxorcielebuli darRvevebisa – csko (centraluri
saarCevno komisisa), mTeli SemadgenlobiT Tavis
Tanamdebobaze darCa. amisda miuxedavad, Cven arCevnebSi
CavebiT. es kidev erTi kompromisi iyo xelisuflebasTan.
mTeli saqarTvelosaTvis gaxda cnobili, rom
2008 wlis 21 maisis saparlamento arCevnebisaTvis
cixeebidan gamoSvebul iqnen patimrebi saarCevno xmebis
sanacvlod. miuxedavad amisa, Cven, vagrZelebdiT
saarCevno kampanias. didi iyo survili am xelisuflebis
Secvlisa.
winaswar vicodiT, rom opoziciis kandidatebi
erTmaneTs vasustebdiT da varTmevdiT xmebs. realurad,
aranairi mcdeloba, raTa agvecilebina Tavidan es
saSiSroeba ( Tu, ar CavTvliT erTmaneTis mimarT liton
41

mowodebebs televiziiTa da presis saSualebiT) ar
yofila. swored, amis gamo sul cota 11 maJoritaruli
mandati dakarga mxolod gaerTianebulma opoziciam, rom
araferi ar vTqvaT sxva opoziciur partiebze. albaT,
yvelas surda gamarjveba, Tumca qveynis gamarjvebaze
win, partiuli interesebi dadga. zogadad da
lakoniurad ase gamoiyureba suraTi, romelmac
dRevandeli dRe moitana.
araTanmimdevruloba, kompromisi da principebis
Canacvleba radikaluri gamoTqmebiTa da sxvadasxva
aqciebiT.
dRes, ukve opozicia iyenebs cnobil lozungs “ vinc
CvensaviT ar fiqrobs, is moRalatea”. ZiriTadi
argumenti ki aris – parlamenti aralegitimuria da iq
yofnac Ralatia.
samarTleblivad, yvela arCevnebi, romelic Catarda
1990 wlis 28 oqtombris pirveli, mravalpartiuli
arCevnebis Semdgom - aralegitimuria. mas Semdgom
gayalbebebi da falsifikaciebi yvela arCevnebis
Tanmdevia. magaliTisaTvis, 1992 wlis 11 oqtombris
saparlamento arCevnebi (Tu amas arCevnebi qvia),
SeiaraRebuli bandformirebebisa da javSanteqnikis
TanxlebiT Catarda. faqtia, rom mosaxleobis udides
nawils im farsSi monawileoba ar miuRia. metic, piradad
me 1990 wlis arCevnebis Semdgom, pirvelad mxolod 2003
wlis arCevnebSi Cavebi. viRac mipasuxebs, rom – ai rom
waxvedi, amis bralia, Tu dRes es xelisufleba
gvyavs da am dReSi varT ( Tumca, amgvar pasuxs
ZiriTadad SevardnaZis yofili momxreebidan gaigebT).
maT SeiZleba vupasuxoT, rom 1991 wlis dekembris
saxelmwifo gadatrialebisaTvis rom mxari ar
dageWiraT, arc maSin viqnebodiT am dReSi. sxvaTaSoris,
“zneobrivi qmedebebisken” xSir SemTxvevaSi, swored es
xalxi mogviwodebs.
piradad me, deputatis mandatis datovebis
winadadeba, romelsac SantaJis saxe ufro hqonda,
42

ultimatumis saxiT miviRe: “ vinc mandats ar datovebs,
is gamocxaddeba moRalated”.
naTelia, rom roca ar warmoadgen arc erT iseT
uwyebas, rogoricaa: КГБ, mi-6, mosadi Tu sxva,Ayvela
Zalas kiserSi yevxar gaCxerili. faqtia isic, rom me,
arc erTi partiis wevri ar viyavi da deputatis mandati
iyo Cemi erTaderTi saSvi politikaSi anu, politikuri
statusi. mandatis datovebis moTxovna CemTvis niSnavda,
rom momTxoves politikidan wasvla saxlSi. aRarafers
vambob imaze, rom amgvari gadawyvetileba CemTan erTad
unda yofiliyo miRebuli. me unda mcodnoda Semdgom
amis ra xdeba, ras da rogor apirebs gaerTianebuli
opozicia. rasakvirvelia, am SemTxvevaSi SeiZleboda
fiqri politikuri karieris dasrulebazec. Tu
damarwmunebdnen, rom Cems gareSe ufro samarTlianad da
patiosnad gadawydeboda qveynis problemebi.
rasakvirvelia, ufro zneobrivi iqneboda, rom roca
upartio politikos sTxov datovos mandati da
gaagrZelos Tavis saqmianoba Cveulebrivi moqalaqis
statusiT, ufro samarTliani iqneboda 1. Opoziciur
gaerTianebaSi Semaval partiis liderebs uari eTqvaT
partiebze ( mag. partiis likvidacia), 2. uari eTqvaT
partiis saxelmwifo dafinansebaze (radgan, yoveli
partia, romelmac gadalaxa saarCevno barieri iRebs
saxelmwifo dafinansebas da es dafinanseba gacilebiT
didia, vidre deputatis xelfasi). gamomdinare aqedan,
yovelgvari saubrebi Cems xelfasze gayidvaze, mxolod
Savi piaria da meti araferi. am faqtorebis
gaTvaliswinebiT SeiZleboda yvelas Tanabar
mocemulobaSi gamogvecxadebina politikuri cxovrebis
aRsasruli saqarTveloSi.
ra rezonansi eqneboda am politikur aqts, albaT
didi. zneobrivic iqneboda pirvel rigSi erTmaneTis
mimarT. ra sargebels moutanda Cvens qveyanas da
ramdenad dagvaaxloebda Cvens mizanTan, ar vici, saeWvoa.
43

Cven gvWirdeba ara mxolod “efeqturi” svlebi,
aramed efeqturi gadawyvetilebebi, romelTac Sedegi
mohyveba.
dRes CemTvis bevrad ufro efeqturi marto yofnaa.
marto, parlamentis cxovrebaSi monawileobiTa, Tu,
boikotis reJimSi. marto, imaT gareSe, vinc xalxs
atyuebs, rom boikoti niSnavs saxlSi wamowolasa da
3017 laris pensias. piradad me, wina mowvevis
parlamentis arsebobis weliwad naxevari boikotis
reJimSi gavatare. vfiqrob, xalxma kargad icis saxlSi
viyavi wamowolili Tu politikuri movlenebis
epicentrSi. rac Seexeba personalur manqanebsa da
luqskabinetebs, ucxoeTSi mogzaurobas parlamentis
xarjze, ra giTxraT komitetis Tavmjdomaris moadgile
viyavi da arc erTi am pirobiT ar misargeblia. yvelaze
komfortulad ki Tavs karavSi vgrZnob.
da, kidev erTi, me umravlesobidan aravis ar
gamougdivar, Cemi principebis gamo davtove iqauroba.
avirCie naklebad komfortuli da mZime gza. dRevandeli
Cemi oponentebisagan gasakviri araferia. radgan, e.w.
konstruqciuli opozicia gayalbebuli saprezidento
arCevnebis Semdgomac, Cven, gaerTianebul opozicias
“bolSevikur” brZolis xerxebs gviwunebda (
aRsaniSnavia, rom parlamentis darbazidan).
advili ar aris Seni principebis erTguleba da
dinebis sawinaaRmdegod curva. es, Zlierebis xvedria. me
Sevecdebi am gzas SeveWido. ar SemeSindeba arasdros
Cemi azris gamoTqmisa, Tundac Cemi mosazreba wamgebiani
iyos politteqnologiuri TvalsazrisiT.
pirveli qva iman mesrolos, visac Cemze ufro
patiosnad da uangarod ucxovria.
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi: parabellum (emzade
omisTvis).
44

yvela kiTxvas pasuxi unda gaeces!
(alia., 2010w. 10 maisi)
TiToeuli CvenTaganisaTvis mniSvnelovania
gavaanalizoT is politikuri situacia, ramac
dRevandeli dRe moitana, raTa swored warimarTos Cveni
brZola samarTlianobisaTvis.
sawyis mocemulobad aviRoT periodi, romelic win
uZRoda 2003 wlis arCevnebs. erTis mxriv, saqarTveloSi
arsebobda mosaxleobis is nawili, romlisTvisac
miuRebeli iyo SevardnaZis reJimi (SevTanxmdeT
terminzec: “reJimi” niSnacs, rom qveynis cxovrebis wesi
efuZneba ara kanonmdeblobas, aramed erTi adamianis an
adamianTa jgufis nebas) da meores mxriv nacionaluri
moZraobis maSindeli lideri m. saakaSvili. igi xSirad
acxadebda, rom 1991wels saqarTveloSi moxda
saxelmwifo gadatrialeba da rom, es iyo didi
danaSauli. rom, is xalxi, romelic wlebis
ganmavlobaSi daumsaxureblad idevneboda, imsaxurebs
pativiscemasa da yuradRebas. saakaSvilis eleqtoratis
ZiriTad nawils swored es xalxi warmoadgenda.
im droindeli (mxedvelobaSi maqvs “vardebis
revoluciis” wina periodi) opoziciuri speqtris did
nawils warmoadgendnen politikosebi, vinc, piradad
(zogic iribad) monawileobda 1991-92ww.-is
gadatrialebaSi. miuxedavad amisa, xalxi ndobiT moekida
am brZolas. rasac ganapirobebda is, rom piradad
saakaSvilis gundis wevrebs xalxi ar icnobda da
amdenad, arc maTi uaryofiTi Tu dadebiTi saqmianoba ar
iyo cnobili. Tavad m.saakaSvili xSirad xazs usvamda,
rom igi 1991-92 ww.-is movlenebis dros ar imyofeboda
TbilisSi. amasTan erTad, man Tavi daamaxsovra
sazogadoebas, rogorc kanonierebisaTvis mebrZolma
ministrma, romelmac Tana-mdebobac ki datova
usamarTlobis gamo.
45

amdenad, 2003 wlis nacionalur moZraobas hqonda
xalxis didi nawilis ndoba. ndobasTan erTad, is, sul
ufro da ufro didi saerTaSoriso mxardaWeriT
sargeblobda.
vardebis revoluciis Semdgom, jer kidev
parlamentis Zvelma Semadgenlobam ganaxorciela
konstituciuri cvlilebebi, riTac prezidentis
uflebamosileba ganuzomlad gazarda. rac, iyo mizezi
imisa, rom umravlesoba datova nacionaluri moZraobis
yofilma partniorebma. es faqti, sazogadoebis
yuradRebis miRma darCa. arcaa gasakviri, radgan
saqarTveloSi ukve iyo gamocdileba “arasasurveli”
prezidentis damxobisa (ganxorcielebuli gare Zalebis
mier, Sida Zalebze dayrdnobiT). xolo, im
gadatrialebis uvertiura ki swored politikuri
oponireba iyo.
am istoriulma gamocdilebam saakaSvilze imuSava,
radgan mosaxleobis umravlesoba cdilobda xeli ar
SeeSalaT prezidentisaTvis, romelsac didi miznebi
hqonda gansaxorci-elebeli. didi dakvirveba ar aris
saWiro imis dasanaxad, rom gansxvavebiT saakaSvilisagan,
zviad gamsaxurdias mosaswrebi hqonda saqarTvelos
damoukideblobis aRdgenis dakanoneba da referendumis
Catareba saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze, afxazeTisa da
cxinvalis regionTan dakavSirebuli problemebis
mogvareba, rac man kidevac SesZlo Tavis prezidentobis
6 TveSi.
2003 wlidan xdeba 90-iani wlebis imitacia, rac
Zalian momgebiani aRmoCnda DdRevandeli
xelisuflebisaTvis piaris TvalsazrisiT.
Cemis azriT pirveli usiamovno SegrZneba Seqmna
kmarelebis mier Tbilisis sax. universitetis
piketirebam, amas mohyva samedicino kolejis studentebis
darbeva. da, rac mTavaria, gamoCndnen adamianebi,
romlebic Tavad gaxdnen kanoni.
46

im etapze, es pirovnebebi iyvnen saqarTvelos
mosaxle-obisaTvis gaRizianebis mTavari obieqtebi. es
zizRi, jer prezidentamde ar midioda.
aseve, kampaniam saqarTvelos samecniero
sazogadoebis winaaRmdeg, cxadyo, rom yvela
saxelisuflebo survils win uswrebda dagegmili e.w.
piaraqciebi, rasac foni unda Seeqmna maTTvis sasurveli
gadawyvetilebebis Sesasruleblad.
sainteresoa, rom mniSvnelovani da saWiro
reformebis gatareba daemsgavsa brZolas,
xelisuflebisa Tavisi moqalaqeebis winaaRmdeg.
pedagogebi, eqimebi, gare movaWreebi, mecnierebi, biznesis
warmomadgenlebi, mosamarTleebi da sxv. calkeul
SemTxvevebSi komunikaciis ar arseboba an, sazogadoebis
naklebinformirebuloba reformebis miznebsa da
amocanebis Sesaxeb amwvavebda usamarTlobis gancdas. am
procesebis gamo mosaxleobis didi nawili
xelisuflebis oponentad gadaiqca.
sainteresoa, rom politikuri opoziciis sxvadasxva
jgufebi, romlebic konstituciuri cvlilebebidan
dawyebuli sistematurad gamoxatavdnen Tavis
damokidebulebas sxvadasxva sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis
mimarT, sazogadoebis mxridan uyuradRebod iyvnen
datovebuli. es, arcaa gasakviri, radgan politikuri
oponentebic erT-erTi iseTi “wertilovani samizne” iyo,
rogoric eqimebi, movaWreebi da a.S. TiToeul am
jgufisaTvis Tavisi problemebi iyo ufro mtkivneuli,
vidre sxvisi.
ase, rom xelisuflebam SesZlo cal-calke yvela
daemarcxebina. Tumca, am procesebs mohyva - politikur
opoziciasa da xalxs Soris kavSiris gamyareba, rac
manmade Zalian susti iyo. es ki, ukve metad Zlieri muxti
aRmoCnda. safuZveli am erTobisa gaxda: “ simarTle
Cvens mxarezea” da “ar meSinia”.
SeiZleba iTqvas, es periodi iyo erTi didi etapi
samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Camoyalibebis procesSi. im
47

etapze, ukve arsebobda aucilebloba samoqalaqo
winaaRmdegobis gadasvlisa politikuri protestis
formebSi.
Zalian kargad igrZnoboda, rom aris aucilebloba
calkeuli partiebisa da politikosebis mxridan
aqtivobisa (amis moTxovnileba ukve xalxSic SeimCneoda).
swored, am dros emTxveva irakli oqroaSvilis mier
Tanamdebobis datoveba da Tavis partniorebad
deputatebis koka guncaZis, gia cagareiSvilis da gia
TorTlaZis SerCeva. molaparakebebis Sedegad gadawyda
partiis Seqmna. partiis Tavmjdomare – ir. oqruaSvili,
Tavmjdomaris moadgile – g. TorTlaZe, generaluri
mdivani – k.guncaZe da politikuri mdivani -
g.cagareiSvili.
mas Semdeg, rac 2007 wlis 27 seqtembers daapatimres
ir. oqroaSvili movlenebi elvis siswrafiT viTardeba.
am dapatimrebas mohyva yvela opoziciuri partiis mier
solidarobis gamoxatva. am pirobebSi, Zalian bunebrivad
moxda xalxis mobilizacia. moxda xelisuflebis
winaaRmdeg opoziciuri speqtris gaerTianeba, rac
gaformda, rogorc saxalxo moZraobis erovnuli sabWo.
yvelaze Zlieri politikuri opozicia swored, am
periodSi iyo.
ram gamoiwvia is viTareba, rac dRes gvaqvs.
pirvel rigSi, unda iTqvas, rom gaerTianebuli
opoziciis saprezidento kandidats – levan gaCeCilaZesa
da mixeil saakaSvils araTanabar pirobebSi mouwiaT
arCevnebSi Cabma.
xelisuflebis momxreebs m.saakaSvilis garda sxva
alternativa ar hyavdaT da am miznis misaRwevad mTeli
saxelisuflebo resursi amoqmedda. levan gaCeCilaZes
ki, iseTi Zlieri opoziciuri kandidatebi
daupirispirdnen, rogoric badri patarkaciSvili, Salva
naTelaSvili, daviT gamyreliZe. aseve, gia maisaSvili da
sxv. m. saakaSvili am arCevnebidan gamarjvebuli gamodis.
48

miuxedavad imisa rom dedaqalaqSi gamarjveba ver
moipova.
es iyo pirveli didi Secdoma opoziciuri speqtrisa.
Cven, ar gavagrZeleT brZola meore turis
dasaniSnad. amas mohyva radikalurad ganwyobili erTi
nawilis gaRizianeba da Semotevebi sxva opoziciuri
partiebis mxridan, maT Soris imaTganac, vinc am
droisaTvis ukve aRar Sedioda gaerTianebaSi.
am mxriv, gaerTianebul opozicias uxdeboda or
frontze brZola da dartymebis mogerieba, rogorc
xelisuflebisagan, iseve sxva opoziciuri partiebisagan,
sxvadasxva politologebisa Tu eqspertebisagan.
yovelive aman, rasakvirvelia, erTgvarad dasca
“gaerTi-anebuli opoziciis” avtoriteti. amas daemata
SimSilobis aqciis gadadeba, Semdgom SimSiloba
parlamentis win, ramac erTgvarad gamaxsena Tbilisis
omi. im TvalsazrisiT, rom rusTavelze omi iyo da
danarCen saqarTveloSi Cveuli wesiT grZeldeboda
cxovreba.
gaerTianebuli opoziciis xazi iyo xelisuflebis
Secvla samarTleblivi gziT. mobilizeba da arCevnebSi
gamarjveba. amisaTvis ki, saWiro iyo ramdenime ZiriTadi
faqtoris arseboba:
1. saarCevno kanonmdeblobis gajansaReba (cesko-s
Semadgenlobis Secvla)
2. telesivrcis gajansaReba (sazogadoebrivi
mauwyebloba)
3. finansebi, arCevnebis mosamzadeblad.
naTelia, rom pirveli ori sakiTxis mogvareba
ajanyebiTa da gaficvebiT SeuZlebelia. es unda
momxdariyo molaparakebebiT xelisuflebasTan, Tumca
saxalxo zewolis fonze. rac Seexeba finansebs, es
sakiTxi mTlianad dakavSirebuli iyo wina ori sakiTxis
gadaWrasTan. Tu, pirveli ori sakiTxis gadaWraSi Cven
movipovebdiT warmatebas, finansebis mozidva gacilebiT
ioli iqneboda ( radgan, warmatebuli proeqti,
49

bunebrivia ufro advilad moizidavs finansebs, vidre
susti da wagebuli).
rogorc, ki gamoCnda perspeqtiva, rom SeiZleboda
raime warmatebisaTvis miRweva, raTa ufro sasurveli
garemo Seqmniliyo arCevnebisaTvis, daiwyo Tavidan
braldebebi da Semotevebi: “gaerTianebuli opozicia
gaurigda xelisuflebas, gaiyida da a.S.”
vin iRebda am kampaniaSi monawileobas es sxva saqmea.
mTavaria, rom Tu Cveni Zala iyo xalxis ndobaSi,
bunebrivia, rom dasusteba SesaZlebeli iyo Cveni
diskreditaciiT. im etapze, erovnuli sabWos winaaRmdeg
dawyebuli kampaniis arsi iyo : “ xelisuflebasTan
laparaki rogor SeiZleba, rom es Ralatia, kompromisia
da a.S.”
magram, vidre arCevnebis Casatareblad saWiro
pirobebis gaumjobesebis Sansi amowuruli ar aris,
ajanyebaze fiqric ki avantiuraa.
erovnul sabWos isev or frontze uwevda brZola.
anu xelisuflebisa da opoziciuri partiebis
Semotevebis mogerieba. rac, cxadia asustebda
gaerTianebuli opoziciis poziciebs da piriqiT,
aZlierebda xelisuflebas. xolo, poziciebis Sesusteba
ki ganapirobebda brZolis Sedegebs.
am viTarebaSi CavebiT saparlamento arCevnebSi. da,
isev ganmeorda igive Secdoma, Tu es Secdomaa.
nacionaluri moZraoba gamodis arCevnebze erTi
frontiT.
opoziciuri speqtri ki inawilebs erTmaneTSi
opoziciuri eleqtoratis xmebs. me Sors var im
azrisagan, rom yvela opoziciur partias gaerTianebuli
opoziciisaTvis unda daeTmo mandatebi. an, yvela unda
gaerTianebuliyo erT saarCevno blokSi.
magram, mTel opoziciur speqtrs, rom Cagvetarebina
yvela olqSi reitinguli kvlevebi da TiToeuli
olqisaTvis erTi, yvelaze Zlieri opoziciuri
50

kandidati gamogvemJRavnebina. es xom SesaZlebeli iyo.
da, Sedegad miviRebdiT formulas: erTi – erTis
winaaRmdeg.
am werilSi, saubaria imaze, Tu risi gakeTeba
SegveZlo Cveni mxridan da ra ver gavakeTeT.
opoziciurma speqtrma ar gaviTvaliswineT saprezidento
arCevnebis gamocdileba.
is, rom dRevandeli xelisufleba mTeli SemarTebiT
ibrZolebda gamarjvebisaTvis, es iyo mocemuloba,
romelic saxeze gvqonda 2008 wlis 21 maisis
saparlamento arCevnebis magaliTze.
am mocemulobas ki, Cven SevxvdiT moumzadeblebi. ar
SevaTanxmeT erTmaneTTan maJoritari kandidatebi
olqebSi, ar vimoqmedeT kordinirebulad, ramac mxolod
gaerTianebul opozicias 11 mandati daakargina. albaT,
aseve sxva opoziciur partiebsac. Sedegad miviReT is,
rac miviReT.
axla, rac Seexeba boikots, romelic gulisxmobda
mandatebis datovebas da am saxiT dRevandeli
parlamentisaTvis aralegitimurobis statusis
damkvidrebas.
1990 wlis 28 oqtombris pirveli mravalpartiuli
arCevnebis Sedegad mosuli xelisuflebis Zaladobrivi
gziT damxobis Semdgom, samarTleblivad, yvela
xelisufleba aralegitimuria. is xelisufleba,
romelic aRiarebs am faqts aRadgens samarTlianobas.
amgvarad,
1. legitimuroba – aralegitimurobis sakiTxi,
gau-yalbebeli arCevnebis gareSec arsebobs.
Tu, Cveni boikoti ganapiroba gayalbebebma,
CvenTvis, sastarto periodSive cnobili iyo a)
arasaimedo saarCevno administaciis, b)
aradamakmayofilebeli (rbilad rom vTqvaT)
saarCevno kanonmdeblobis Sesaxeb.
da ufro logikuri xom ar iqneboda, rom yvela
movxsniliyaviT arCevnebis procesSive da
51

gamogvecxadebina boikoti arakeTilsindisieri
arCevnebisaTvis. maSin, marTlac davtovebdiT
erTpartiulad am parlaments. es, ar gavakeTeT da
davelodeT Sedegebs. keTili. nebismier SemTxvevaSi,
boikotis safuZveli da miznebi opoziciuri
speqtrisaTvis unda yofiliyo erTnairad misaRebi.
erToblivi boikoti niSnavs, erTsulovnebas
gadawyvetilebaSi da ara erT, an or-pirovnulad
miRebuli gadawyvetilebis erTsulovan aRsrulebas.
aseTi seriozuli gadawyvetilebis miReba ar
SeiZleba erTpirovnulad ( erTpirovnulad ar
vgulisxmob erT adamians, aramed imaT, vinc es
gadawyvetileba miiRo, CemTvis maTi vinaoba cnobili ar
aris).
erTi sakiTxia, ramdenad gamarTlebuli iyo
gadawyvetileba mandatebis datovebis Sesaxeb. Cemi
azriT sakamaToa, radgan, rogorc avRniSne, im pirebs
Soris, visi saxeliTac es aqcia gaxmovanda iyvnen
upartio wevrebic ( romlebic ar iyvnen arc erTi
partiis wevri). am gadawyvetilebis ZaliT gadaiwyvita
maTi saxlSi gaSveba. Tumca, am aqciis, anu “parlamentis
boikotirebis” ganxorcielebis SesaZlebloba hqondaT -
partiebs. radgan, isini iReben saxelmwifo dafinansebas
da SeeZloT funqcionireba, hqondaT politikuri
statusi, ofisebi, raionuli organizaciebi da a.S..
vfiqrob, ufro marTebuli iqneboda partiis
liderebs daeTmoT Tavisi mandatebi sakuTari partiebis
spikerebisaTvis (meore nomrisaTvis). am SemTxvevaSi,
parlamentSi mxolod gaerTianebuli opoziciidan
iqneboda 17 spikeri. gareT dar-Cebodnen partiis
liderebi da partiuli organizaciebis aqtivi. am,
SemTxvevaSi, marTebulad mimaCnia ara “alternatiuli
parlamenti”, aramed saTaTbiro “darbazis” Seqmna,
romelic moamzadebda dargobriv rekomendaciebsa da
winadadebebs opoziciuri frontisaTvis.
52

am SemTxvevaSi, xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg
ganxorcieldeboda koordinirebuli zewola sami
mxridan: parlamenti, sazogadoebrioba da politikuri
partiebi.
es winadadeba arc ganxilula, radgan ganxilva im
situaciisa, rac miviReT 21 maisis Semdgom ar momxdara.
an, Tu moxda, es CemTvis ucnobia.
meores mxriv, Tu vinme fiqrobda, rom mandatebis
datoveba gadaarCenda opoziciis reputacias an
gamoiyvanda mogebuls Seqmnili mZime viTarebidan _
gasagebia. da vinc, ase fiqrobda SeeZlo es gaekeTebina
individualur reJimSi da ara, sayovelTao ultimatumis
gziT. es iqneboda garkveuli pozicia.
gaerTianebuli opoziciuri bloki (dRevandeli
SemadgenlobiT) Seiqmna saarCevnod. erovnuli sabWo, ki
gaaerTiana xelisuflebasTan brZolis ideam. albaT
amitom, saprezidento arCevnebi bevrad ufro warmatebiT
CavatareT.
Cemi da Cemi politikuri partniorebis mizani iyo
xelisuflebasTan brZola. es, brZola gaadvildeboda,
Tu parlamentSi met mandats miviRebdiT, udavoa. magram,
Tu erTi, ori, an sami, xar ocdaaTis winaaRmdeg
brZolaSi, ukan xom ar gaiqcevi im motiviT, rom ZalTa
Tanafardoba ar gakmayofilebs!
me, es - ase mesmis.
SeiZleba saarCevno blokisaTvis “gaerTianebuli
opozicia-memarjveneebisaTvis” mizani iyo mandatebis
raodenoba. albaT. radgan, Tu gauqmdeboda qvemo
qarTlis Sedegebi, maSin maTi gagebiT parlamenti
legitimurobas iZenda da Taxmdebodnen Sesvlaze. esec
poziciaa, uzrunvelyo brZola Tanabar pirobebSi
xelisuflebasTan. Tumca, piradad CemTvis miuRebelia,
radgan Tu arCevnebi gayalbda, gayalbda mTeli
saqarTvelos teritoriaze da ara, mxolod qvemo
qarTlSi.
gasakviri sxva ramaa!
53

yvelaze metad da aqtiurad mandatebis datovebis
mizanSe-wonilobasa da mandatis gamousadegarobis
Sesaxeb is partiebi da politikosebi msjeloben,
romlebmac saerTod ver moipoves es mandatebi. xolo,
maSin, roca gaaCndaT, ar CaTvales saWirod
daetovebinaT: arc, deputatebze ganxorcielebuli
Tavdasxmis dros, arc sandro gvirgvlianis daRupvis
gamo, arc 7 noembris darbevisa da arc 5 ianvris
arCevnebze ganxorcielebuli darRvevebis Semdgom. ufro
metic, saprotesto aqciebzec ki, parlamentis manqanebiT
dadiodnen.
da bolos, me vfiqrob, rom marTlac didi uzneobaa
sxvisi poziciis ugulvebelyofa. dasaZraxia
ampartavneba, romelic gafiqrebinebs, rom “Cemi azria
swori, xolo vinc ar meTanxmeba moRalatea”.
me, es aravisTvis ar mikadrebia. Cven, vinc
gansxvavebuli xedva davafiqsireT (Cveni parlamentSi
SesvliT), mxolod ganvacxadeT, rom ar momxdara
“gadawyvetilebis” ganxilva, rac exeboda – parlamentSi
ar Sesvlas. es iyo ultimatumi, romelic ukve ar aris
gasaziarebeli Tundac, formis gamo, rac SantaJis
elfers atarebda.
erTsulovneba ar gulisxmobs erTnairad fiqrsa da
qmedebas. erTsulovneba - sulieri erTobaa. erToba
miswrafebebsa da miznebSi. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi,
vgulisxmob, “erTma gadawyvita - yvelam Seasrula”, es
ukve erTpartiulobaa.
dRes, isev xdeba xelisuflebis gaZliereba, radgan
opozicia erTmaneTs qvebs esvris. vis sWirdeba es?
da bolos, me vusvam kiTxvas Cems xalxs da yvela
opozicioners, vis interesSia dRes amdeni opoziciuri
politikuri lideris TamaSidan gayvana?
54

briuselis samitisTvis momzadebuli sityva
2008w.6seqtemberi
2008wlis 25 agvistos samxreT oseTis da afxazeTis
damoukidebloba aRiara ruseTis saTaTbirom, xolo 24
saaTis Semdgom saTaTbiros gadawyvetileba da
separatistuli xelisuflebis Txovna daakmayofila
ruseTis federaciis prezidentma – dimitri medvedevma.
ai, aseTi iyo pasuxi mTeli rigi qveynebis
rekomendaciebze, raTa ruseTs aResrulebina Tavisi
xelmowerili 6 punqtiani SeTanxmeba cecxlis Sewyvetasa
da jaris saqarTvelodan gayvanis Sesaxeb. am krizisuli
mdgomareobidan gamosvlis saqmeSi udidesi roli
Seasrula safrangeTis prezidentma - batonma nikola
sarkozim.
yvelam viciT, Tu ras gulisxmobda es 6 punqtiani
gegma. amisda miuxedavad 12 agvistos Semdgomac
gagrZelda saqarTvelos qalaqebis dabombvebi, afeTqda
xidebi da ganadgurda gemebi, infrastruqtura da
mSvidobiani mosaxleobis sacxovrebeli saxlebi.
cecxlgamCeni Wurvebis meSveobiT ganadgurda tyis
masivebi. sul 1400 heqtari daculi teritoriisa, romlis
aRdgenasac daaxloebiT ori saukune dasWirdeba.
SeTanxmebisda miuxedavad, saqarTvelos teritoriaze
rCebian ruseTis jaris nawilebi. qmnian axal postebsa
da Txrian sangrebs. es, yvelaferi xorcieldeba
konfliqtis zonis gareT, saqarTvelos teritoriaze.
xdeboda maradioroba, risi magaliTebic farTo
sazogadoebisaTvis cnobili gaxda Jurnalistebisa da
reportiorebis Tavdadebuli muSaobis Sedegad.
aqve minda gamovTqva Rrma mwuxareba im
Jurnalistebis gamo, vinc daiRupa Tavisi profesiuli
valis Sesrulebisas .
yovelive amis fonze aqa-iq, mainc gaismis SekiTxva:
vin gaisrola pirvelma!
55

minda, swored im xalxis gasagonad vTqva, vinc,
SesaZloa ar icis, rom : pirveli gasrolis problema
sabWoTa ruseTma moxsna jer kidev 1939 wlis 30
noembers fineTSi, roca sofel mainilaSi , НКВД – s
razma gaanadgura Tavisive armiis sasazRvro posti da am
sababiT daiwyo omi fineTTan. xolo,imave dRes
molotovma cinikurad ganacxada, rom “ wiTeli armia
iZulebulia imoqmedos fineTis mtruli politikis
sapasuxod da maTi mizania _ daicvan leningradis
usafrTxoeba”.
me, ar SevaCereb Tqvens yuradRebas teraqtebsa da
ruseTisagan sazRvris darRvevis faqtebze, radgan maT
ar SercxvebaT, rom es qmedebani saqarTvelos
xelisuflebas daabralon.
imisaTvis, rom aravis Seeparos eWvi Tu rogor
mzaddeboda es didi provokacia, gagacnobT mxolod
ruseTis federaciis ramdenime sakanonmdeblo
iniciativas.
magaliTad, 2004wlis 22 ivliss, ruseTis federaciis
sakonstitucio sasamarTlos iniciativiT mimarTa rf –is
saTaTbiros Tanamegobrobis saqmeTa komitetis
Tavmjdomarem a. kokoSinma. ganacxadis Sinaarsi
mdgomareobda SemdegSi: “ samxreT oseTis, rogorc
axali subieqtis ruseTis federaciaSi miRebis
SesaZleblobebis samarTleblivi aspeqtebis Sesaxeb”.
ar dagvaviwydes, rom ruseTi am droisaTvis dgas am
konfliqtur regionebSi samSvidoboebis mandatiT.
samwuxaroa, rom amgvari “pirveli gasrolebi”,
maSinve ar gaxda farTo sazogadoebis msjelobis sagani.
rogor, SeiZleba aixsnas, rom 2004 wlis 9 dekembers
ruseTis federaciis deputatTa erTma jgufma, kerZod,
ki fraqcia “rodina”-s warmomadgenlebma: d.rogozinma, n.
naroCnickaiam da a. savelievam moamzades cvlilebaTa
proeqti, romelic exeboda “ruseTis federaciaSi axali
subieqtebis miRebis wess”. avtorebi sTavazobdnen
xelisuflebas, ruseTis federaciaSi axali subieqtebis
56

gamartivebuli saxiT miRebas. es, exeboda yofili
sabWoTa kavSiris avtonomiur erTeulebs.
am kanonproeqtis arsi mdgomareobs procedurebis
gamartivebaSi ruseTis federaciaSi gasawevrianeblad.
da, gvauwyebs, rom – es SesaZlebelia, Tu am
teritoriaze myofi xalxi referendumis meSveobiT
gamoxatavs survils _ ruseTis federaciaSi Sesvlisas.
rasakvirvelia, avtorTa azriT, araviTar saWiroebas ar
warmoadgens im qveynis Tanxmoba, romlis
SemadgenlobaSic aris esa – Tu is avtonomiuri
erTeuli. aseve, kanonproeqti gTavazobs specialuri
sakonstitucio kanonis miRebas, raTa ruseTis
federaciaSi miRebul iqnen axali subieqtebis saxiT,
magaliTad abxazeTi, samxreT oseTi, aWara da sxv.
avtorTa azriT, amgvari cvlilebebis gatarebis
aucileblobas ganapirobebs is, rom “ ruseTi aris
sabWoTa kavSiris samarTalmemkvidre da gamomdinare
aqedan aqvs ufleba miierTos yofili sabWoTa kavSiris
respublikebis avtonomiebi gamartivebuli wesiT”.
Tavi, rom ar mogabezroT ruseTis sakanonmdeblo
iniciativaTa ganxilviT, mogaxsenebT mxolod ama wlis
ramdenime siaxles.
2008 wlis 13 ivniss ruseTis federaciis Crdilo
kavkasiis situaciaTa droebiTma komisiam ganixila
afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis mosaxleobasTan
dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi. am komisiebis gafarToebuli
sxdoma dagegmili iyo 17 ivniss. samxreT oseTis
warmomadgenlobam miiRo oficialuri dapatiJeba “ dsT “
–s federaciis sabWos kavkasiis droebiTi komisiis
muSaobaSi monawileobis misaRebad.
cnobilia, aseve, ЛДПР –is regionaluri
ganyofilebis iniciativa: Crdilo da samxreT oseTis
gaerTianebis moTxovnasTan dakavSirebiT.
aRarafers vambob iseT siurprizebze, rac 2008 wlis
10 ivniss gvauwya telearxma “zvezdam” : rom,“ Crdilo
oseTis teritoriaze ukve muSaobs asfaltis qarxana,
57

Camotanili koreidan da rusi specialistebis
daxmarebiT ganaxorcielebuli pirveli proeqti iqneba
500 km-iani trasa. romelic pirdapir daakavSirebs
samxreT da Crdilo oseTs, qarTuli gamSvebi
sadarajoebis gverdis avliT”.
vfiqrob, msoflioSi ar moiZebneba qveyana,
romlisTvisac ucnobia sabWoeTis “teritoriuli madis”
gabaritebi. ar aris iseTi qveyana, romelsac ar Seexo
maTi teritoriuli pretenziebi. norvegias sTxovdnen –
arqipelag Spicbergens, TurqeTs – dardanels,
saberZneTsa da tripolitanias(libias) – teritorias
samxedro bazebisaTvis.
poloneTs, baltiispireTis respublikebsa da
ukrainas amis axsna ar sWirdeba. aq sabWoeTma Tavisi
survilebi molotov – libentropis paqtiT gaaforma da
gamoxata.
irani, romlis teritoriaze ssrk-am Seiyvana jari
meore msoflio omis dros da sabWoTa uSiSroebis
meSveobiT xdeboda mis teritoriaze e.w. “demokratiuli
moZraobis” momzadeba, raTa iranisaTvis moeglijaT misi
samxreTis provinciebi da mieerTebinaT sabWoTa
azerbaijanisaTvis. am ganzraxvaze uari iTqva mxolod
1956wels. magram, urTierToba ruseTTan gviCvenebs, rom
maTi sityva arafers ar niSnavs. Tundac gavixsenoT
iaponiis oTxi kunZuli, romelic 1945 wels iqna
dakavebuli sabWoTa armiis mier. marTalia, 1956wels
ruseTma dado SeTanxmeba iaponiasTan am oTxidan – ori
kunZulis dabrunebaze, Tumca, oTx weliwadSi Tavisive
am valdebulebaze uari ganacxada.
saWiroa, gana evropisaTvis imis axsna, Tu ras
niSnavs “mSvidobis iZuleba” sabWourad! gavixsenoT
ungreTi 1956 wlis, 1968 wlis praRa. ra moqalaqeebis
dacvazea saubari, amas axsna sWirdeba?
Tavisi moqalaqeebis dacva sxvis teritoriebze, iseve
rogorc pirveli gasrolis (anu vin daiwyo konfliqti)
garemoebebis sasurveli gamoyeneba, ruseTs
58

aprobirebuli aqvs mraval qveyanaSi, iseve, rogorc
nacistur germanias gasuli saukunis 30-ian wlebSi.
SeiZleba, vinme SemekamaTos, rom is iyo sabWoTa
kavSiri, xolo dRes saqme gvaqvs ruseTis federaciasTan,
romelic ar agebs pasuxs Tavis istoriul warsulze.
diax, marTalia. magram, ra vuyoT imas, rasac, dRes
acxadebs ruseTis xelisufleba, kerZod, ki vladimer
putini : “ sabWoTa kavSiris daSla es iyo udidesi
geopolitikuri katastrofa” da ruseTis saTaTbiros
sakanonmdeblo aqti (2004w. 9dekembris) – “ ruseTi aris
sabWoTa kavSiris samarTalmemkvidre”.
uaxlesi istoriis magaliTebi gviCvenebs, rom dRes,
zustad ise, rogorc sabWoeTis dros, ruseTis
uSiSroebis koncefciis arsi mdgomareobs Tavisi
sazRvrebis gafarToebaSi, raTa Seiqmnas usafrTxoebis
buferuli zonebi.
magram, me vsvam kiTxvas, visgan icavs Tavs, vin esxmis
Tavs ruseTs? saqarTvelo?
saqarTvelo, Tavisi mosaxleobis raodenobiT qalaq
moskovis daaxloebiT erTi mesamedia. xolo ruseTis
teritoria orasormoocdaaTjer aRemateba saqarTvelos.
me mivmarTav saerTaSoriso sazogadoebas,
dainteresdiT, nu ahyvebiT demagogias. nu ahyvebiT
“pirveli gasrolis” politteqnologiur TamaSebs.
dRes ar minda saubari Cems mosazrebebze, radgan
Cven valdebulebi varT daveyrdnoT mxolod faqtebs. da
Tan faqtebis im rigs, romlebic daculia arqivebSi da
ganekuTvneba rusi da osi bolSevikebis mimoweras. am,
masalis naxvis saSualeba yvela msurvels aqvs
saxelmwifo arqivebSi.
1920 wlis 7 maisi – ruseTma cno saqarTvelos damo-ukidebloba.
ruseTis erTaderTi moTxovnaa bolSevikebs
mieceT Riad funqcionirebis saSualeba saqarTvelos
teritoriaze. amis Sedegad, rogorc aRniSnaven Tavad
osi bolSevikebi “ saqarTvelos oTxi administraciuli
erTeulis: goris, duSeTis, raWisa da Sorapnis mazrebis
59

osi bolSevikebi qmnian – samxreT oseTis bolSevikTa
samxareo komitets”.
sainteresoa, ratom samxreTi, roca kavkasionis
qedis gadaRma, sadac aris istoriuli oseTi, igive
alania, romelic am droisaTvis Sedis ruseTis
federaciaSi, rogorc mTis respublikaTa kavSiris
Semadgeneli, “Crdilo” oseTi – ar figurirebs. amgvarad,
Seiqmna samxreT oseTis bolSevikTa kavSiri, roca ar
arsebobs CrdiloeTi. saxelwodeba “Crdilo oseTi”
gaCndeba mxolod mas Semdeg, roca samxreT oseTis
bolSevikTa samxareo komiteti mimarTavs weriliT
moskovSi lenins TxovniT miiRon bolSevikur ruseTSi,
radgan maTvis miuRebelia saqarTvelos menSevikuri
mTavroba.
es moTxovna, im etapze kremlma ar daakmayofila im
motiviT rom uReltexilebi kavkasionze TiTqmis 9 TviT
iketeba da dakavSireba am or teritorias Soris
faqtiurad SeuZlebelia. mTavari, ki is iyo, rom es
viTareba emTxveva 1921 wels, roca ukve dagegmilia
saqarTvelos aneqsia da aRniSnuli teritoria kremlis
didi zewolis Sedegad saqarTvelos mTavrobaze ukve
gaformda, rogorc samxreT oseTis avtonomiuri olqi.
saqarTvelo mTeli Tavisi teritoriebiT Sevida sabWoTa
imperiaSi samxedro intervenciis gziT.
es aris faqtebi, romelTa uaryofa aravis SeuZlia.
me, movuwodeb sazogadoebrivobas Zalian yuradRebiT
moekidnon rusul wyaroebs da mogiyvanT mxolod erT
magaliTs – gadaSaleT da naxeT “ didi sabWoTa
enciklopediis 1940 wlis gamocema”, gadafurcleT da
naxeT poloneTi. Tqven waikiTxavT: poloneTi - es aris
geografiuli mcneba, Sedis germaniis interesis sferoSi.
( SeiZleba vendoT maT publikaciebs?).
axla, rac Seexeba ruseTis mier Tavisi moqalaqeebis
dacvas saqarTvelos teritoriaze. “dacva” ruseTma
marTlac humanurad ganaxorciela. afxazeTsa da samxreT
oseTSi Catarda am teritoriebis sterilizacia
60

qarTvelebisagan. eTnikuri wmendebi (lisabonis da
stambulis euTos dokumentebi).
qarTvelebi, ruseTis e.w. samSvidoboebisa da maTi
mfarvelobis qveS myofi kriminaluri dajgufebebis mier
gaidevnen Tavisi saxlebidan. moxda maTi kerZo
sakuTrebis xelyofa da ganxorcielda qarTvelebis
eTnowmenda ( 1996wlis lisabonis, stambulis 1999 w.
rezoluciebi).
ase, rom ruseTi Tavis moqalaqeebs sxvis
teritoriaze icavda qarTvelebis diskriminaciis
xarjze.
SegaxsenebT, rom 2008 wlis ivlisis pirvel
ricxvebSi germaniis sagareo saqmeTa ministrma batonma
karl valter Stainmaierma warmoadgina metad realuri
da saqmiani gegma konfliqtebis mSvidobiani mogvarebisa.
naTlad gamoCnda gzebi konfliqtur regionebSi
viTarebis deeskalaciisa.
am konfliqtebis mSvidobiani mogvareba gamoiwvevda
saqarTvelos devnili moqalaqeebis Tavis saxlebSi
dabrunebas da am regionebis samarTleblivi sivrcis
aRdgenas. es yvelaferi aranairad ar Sedioda ruseTis
neoimperialistur gegmebSi, rasac asabuTebs Tundac
2004 wlidan dawyebuli maTi sakanonmdeblo iniciativebi.
albaT, araa gasakviri, rom am gegmaze kategoriuli uari
ganacxada s. bagafSma, rogorc ruseTis mxarem.
minda ori sityviT SevexoT qarTul – rusuli
konfliqtis kidev erT aspeqts.
me, warmovadgen saqarTvelos parlamentis
opoziciuri fraqciis Tavmjdomares da parlamentSi
movxvdi gaerTianebuli opoziciis anu, yvelaze
radikaluri opoziciis rigebidan. Tumca, unda avRniSno,
rom ar gaviziare parlamentis boikotirebisa da
alternatiuli saTaTbiro organos Seqmnis idea.
saqarTvelos aqvs mware gamocdileba miRebuli 1991-92
ww.-Si ganviTarebuli movlenebis Sedegad.
61

SegaxsenebT, rom 1991 wlis 21 dekembers gaformda
e.w. damoukidebel saxelmwifoTa Tanamegobroba.
saqarTvelo ar miuerTda am Tanamegobrobas. xolo,
meore dRes ki 22 dekembers ganxorcielda samxedro
gziT xelisuflebis damxoba. rusul samxedro teqnikasa
da finansebTan erTad gadatrialebaSi kremlis mier
gamoyenebul iyvnen prezident gamsaxurdias politikuri
oponentebic.
mimaCnia, rom demokratia saxelmwifos marTvis
meqanizmia da am meqanizmis muSaoba Cven TviTonve unda
gavaumjobesod sakuTari ZalebiTa da survilebiT.
saqarTvelos xalxi aravis miscems uflebas Cveni qveynis
Sida politikur procesebSi afaTuros xeli.
rac Seexeba, saqarTvelos ganuyofeli nawilebis
calmxriv aRiarebas, me maxsendeba arnold toinbi,
romelic istoriis iuridiul pirad aRiarebda
sazogadoebas da civilizacias, romlis formirebas
ganapirobebs religia da geografia.
an, georg elinekis “sami elementis doqtrina”, rac
aris saxelmwifoebriobis sawindari.
saxelmwifos uflebebisa da valdebulebebis Sesaxeb
montevideos 1933 wlis konvenciis I – muxlis Tanaxmad:
saxelmwifo, rogorc saerTaSoriso samarTlis
subieqti, Semdegi TvisebebiT unda xasiaTdebodes:
1. mudmivi mosaxleoba
2. gansazRvruli teritoria
3. mTavroba
4. sxva saxelmwifoebTan urTierTobis damyarebis
unari
jer aravis, arasdros ar gaugia
saxelmwifos
damoukideblobis aRiareba, im motiviT, rom mezobeli
saxelmwifos teritoriaze daicvas Tavisi moqalaqeebi
(Tu ar CavTvliT hitleris samarTlebliv novaciebs). es
aris saerTaSoriso samarTlis interpretacia rusulad.
62

dRes civilizebuli msoflio dgas dilemis winaSe,
rasac ganapirobebs ara marto saqarTvelos mxardaWeris
survili. saqarTvelos magaliTma dabada es dilema:
wesrigi Tu qaosi
konsesusi Tu konfrontacia
urTierTobebi damyarebuli urTierTpativiscemaze
da SeTanxmebebze, Tu Zalis demonstrirebaze.
am dilemis gadawyvetaSi ruseTs unda gauwios
daxmareba msofliom, radgan rusi xalxi ar imsaxurebs
Tavisi xelisuflebisagan amgvar upasuxismgeblo
qmedebebs.
Cvenc gvWirdeba msoflio Tanamegobrobis daxmareba
, imaSi rom mogveces saSualeba davumtkicoT mTel
msoflios, rom saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs
eTnokonfliqtebi. Tu separatizmis wyaro gadaiketeba
Cven aranairi konfliqtebi ar gveqneba arc afxazebTan
da arc osebTan.
pirvel yovlisa unda ganxorcieldes is SeTanxmeba,
romelic miRweul iqna baton nikola sarkozis mier.
Cven davamtkicebT, rom amgvari konfliqtebis
gadaWris erTaderTi gza, mSvidobiani Tanaarsebobis
gzaa. es SesaZlebelia. es realuria, Tu ruseTi gaiyvans
Tavis jars saqarTvelos teritoriidan, Tu moxdeba
samSvidobo procesis internacionalizacia, Tu
devnilebi orive mxridan daubrundebian Tavis saxlebs.
amisaTvis, ki,gvWirdeba Tqveni, saerTaSoriso
Tanamegobrobis mxardaWera.
moxseneba hamburgis konferenciaze
2008wlis 14 dekemberi
ruseTis agresia ganxorcielebuli saqarTveloze
Цивилизованные агрессоры готовят войны
исподтешка и нуждаются в том, что дипломаты
называют Казус белли, предлоги для
63

нападения, которые они к тому - же
придумывают сами. А. Авторханов. « Империя Кремля»
Cveni Temis ganxilvas viwyebT a. avtorxanovis
sityvebiT, radgan ruseTis imperiis istoriis mkvlevarsa
da publicists, rusuli imperiuli politikis
ucodinrobaSi ver daadanaSauleb.
2008 wlis 7 agvistos ruseTma ganaxorciela Ria da
daufaravi agresia saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg. amiT,
ruseTma kidev erTxel daanaxa msoflios, rom
saqarTvelos ki ara aqvs separatistuli regionebis
problema, aramed ruseTs gaaCnia daufaravi survili
qarTuli miwebis mitacebis.
minda warmogidginoT sabWoTa imperiis erT-erTi
arqiteqtoris mier warmoTqmuli mosazreba 1921 wlis
ianvarSi:
“ vinc flobs saqarTvelos, is flobs kavkasias,
vinc flobs kavkasias, is flobs msoflios
uzarmazari civilizaciebis _ evropisa da
aziis damakavSirebel magistralebs, vinc flobs
am magistralebs, swored is flobs Tanamedrove
msoflio procesebis wamyvanis uflebas.”
i.b.stalini., 1921w.
ianvari.
es, azri gamoiTqva erTi TviT adre saqarTvelos
aneqsiamde ruseTis mxridan.unda iTqvas, rom ruseTis
axali imperiis mSenebloba swored saqarTvelos
aneqsiiT daiwyo 1921 wlis TebervalSi. am, proeqtis (
vgulisxmob saqarTvelos aneqsias, rac warmodgenili
iyo, rogorc saqarTvelos mSromelebis moTxovna –
daemxoT damoukidebeli saqarTvelos mTavroba da
64

mierTebuliyvnen bolSevikur ruseTs) ganxorcieleba
kremlma daiwyo swored bolSevikuri organizaciebis
SeqmniTa da xelSewyobiT saqarTvelos teritoriaze.
saqarTvelos erT-erTi provinciis qarTlis - oTxi
mazris ( adminitraciuli erTeulia) : goris, duSeTis,
raWisa da Sorapnis osma bolSevikebma Seqmnes
bolSevikTa komiteti, romelsac daerqva “ samxreT
oseTis bolSevikTa samxareo komiteti”, maleve samxreT
oseTis bolSevikTa samxareo komitets daerqva - “samx.
oseTis erovnuli sabWo”, romelic 1917 wlis 15 –17
dekembers q. cxinvalSi daarsda. is miznad isaxavda
saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi osi mosaxleobisaTvis
gansakuTrebuli, calke administraciuli samazro
erTeulis Seqmnas.
dRes, rodesac saqarTveloSi ase aqtualuria
cxinvalis regionis problema, rodesac aTasobiT
devnili gvyavs am ZirZveli qarTuli kuTxidan, rodesac
ixileba misi statusis sakiTxi aucileblad migvaCnia:
gadavxedoT warsuls da sazogaoebas kidev erTxel
SevaxsenoT termin “ samxreT oseTis” – s warmoSobis
istoria.
1917 wlis Tebervlis revoluciasa da sabWoTa
xelisuflebis damyarebas ruseTSi, emTxveva Sida
qarTlSi mcxovrebi osebis brZola erT administraciul
erTeulSi gaerTianebisaTvis.
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis
gamocxadebisTanave ajanyebuli osebica da afxazebic
sabWoTa xelisuflebisaTvis ibrZodnen. maT swamdaT, rom
sabWoTa xelisufleba, romelic damyarda ruseTSi ufro
progresuli iyo, vidre demokratiuli respublika.
1917 wlis 10 aprils amierkavkasiis gansakuTrebuli
komitetis Tavjdomarisadmi gagzavnil werilSi, axlad
Seqmnili “ samxreT oseTis erovnuli sabWo” iTxovs
calke, administraciuli erTeulis Seqmnas osi
mosaxleobisaTvis. unda aRiniSnos, rom am moZraobaSi os
65

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