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Cns lecture alz and als
1.
2.
3. The most common early symptom is difficulty in
remembering recent events.
As the disease advances, symptoms can
include problems with language, disorientation
(including easily getting lost), mood swings, loss
of motivation, not managing self-care,
and behavioural issues.
11. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a group
of rare neurological diseases that mainly
involve the nerve cells (neurons) responsible
for controlling voluntary muscle movement.
Voluntary muscles produce movements like
chewing, walking, and talking.
12. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE NAME OF THIS
DISEASE
• A-myo-trophic comes from Greek
• “A” = no/negative
• “myo” = muscle
• “trophic” = nourishment
• “No Muscle Nourishment”
• Lateral = defines location of the nerve cells that signal and
control the muscles
• Sclerosis = scarring and hardening in the degenerating region
13. OTHER COMMON NAMES FOR THIS DISEASE
•Motor neuron disease
•Charcot’s disease
•Lou Gehrig’s disease
Picture from the
Neuromuscular website
14. NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ALS
Forms:
Two types of ALS:
• Sporadic – no family history
• Familial – family history/background
90% of the known cases are sporadic
15. CAUSE OF ALS
• Due to a mutation in SOD1, the superoxide radicals are not
neutralized
• The radicals attack the motor neurons and degrade them
• Muscles are not able to be stimulated
16. SYMPTOMS OF ALS
First signs and symptoms (frequently
overlooked)
•Twitching and cramping of muscles
(especially in hands and feet)
•Stiffness
•Weakness (especially in hands,
arms and legs)
•Slurred speech
Picture taken from the National
Institute of Aging
17. SYMPTOMS CONTINUED . . .
Later signs and symptoms:
•Difficulty chewing and
swallowing
•Shortness of breath
•Muscle weakness due to
wasting away of muscles
• Causes muscles to become
smaller
•Respiratory failure
•Paralysis
Picture from the ALS Association
18. •This picture from the
Neuromuscular
website shows the
wasting away of a
person’s hands and
arms
Editor's Notes
Dementia is a broad category of brain diseases that cause a long-term and often gradual decrease in the ability to think and remember that is severe enough to affect daily functioning.
Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] also known as superoxide dismutase 1 or SOD1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SOD1 gene, located on chromosome 21. SOD1 is one of three human superoxide dismutases. It is implicated in apoptosis and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
