Natural Justice is not a substantial law but is rather than a principal which is followed by the courts to ensure that the ends of justice is met. Though it has also got exceptions but this principals though age old but still are guiding principles to the courts.

1. RULES OF NATURAL RULES OF NATURAL
JUSTICEJUSTICE
The rules of natural justice
reflect the minimum procedure
requirement which must be
followed to meet the ends of justice.

2. TWO MAIN RULES OF NATURALTWO MAIN RULES OF NATURAL
JUSTICEJUSTICE
1. Nemo debet esse judex in propria causa:
No man can be a judge in his own case.
2. Audi alterem partem:
A man cannot be condemned without being heard in
the matter.

3. ““BIAS” MEANINGBIAS” MEANING
AND ITS TYPESAND ITS TYPES
(State of West Bengal & Ors. v. Shivananda Pathak & Ors., AIR 1998 SC (State of West Bengal & Ors. v. Shivananda Pathak & Ors., AIR 1998 SC
2050).2050).
Bias may be defined as a per­conceived opinion or a per­disposition or per­Bias may be defined as a per­conceived opinion or a per­disposition or per­
determination to decide a case or an issue in a particular manner, so much so that determination to decide a case or an issue in a particular manner, so much so that
such per­disposition does not leave the mind open to conviction.such per­disposition does not leave the mind open to conviction.
There are four types of bias :­
a. Personal Biasa. Personal Bias
b. Pecuniary Biasb. Pecuniary Bias
c. Official Baisc. Official Bais

4. EXCEPTIONSEXCEPTIONS

Statute Bar:Statute Bar:
(Charan Lal Sahu Etc. Etc vs Union Of India And Ors 1990 AIR 1480)(Charan Lal Sahu Etc. Etc vs Union Of India And Ors 1990 AIR 1480)
The rules of natural justice can operate only in areas not covered by any law The rules of natural justice can operate only in areas not covered by any law
validly made.validly made.

Emergent Situations:Emergent Situations:
(Swadeshi Cotton Mills vs Union Of India, 1981 AIR 818)(Swadeshi Cotton Mills vs Union Of India, 1981 AIR 818)
Audi alteram partem rule may be disregarded in an
emergent situation where immediate action brooks no delay
to prevent some imminent danger or injury or hazard to

5. 
Thank You
Mahesh S. Lone.

6. 
Thank You
Mahesh S. Lone.