2. 3.4 Menganalisis keterkaitan antara struktur sel pada
jaringan hewan dengan fungsi organ pada hewan
Kompetensi Dasar 3.4
Melalui diskusi, studi literature, video, gambar dan
power point, peserta didik dapat menganalisis
keterkaitan antara struktur sel jaringan hewan
dengan fungsi organ pada hewan dengan benar
(sistem organ dan stem cell)
Tujuan pembelajaran
4. SISTEM ORGAN
sistem
peredaran
darah
Sistem
pencernaan
Sistem
pernapasan
Sistem gerak
Sistem saraf
Sistem
ekskresi
Organ is a collection of several types
of tissue that perform a specific
function. Organ system is a group of
organs that work together to perform
more complex functions. In carrying out
this cooperation, each organ does not
work independently, but depends on
and influences each other
6. SISTEM ORGAN
Digestive system
Organ
• Digestive tract :
Mouth, esophagus (esophagus),
stomach (ventriculus), small
intestine, large intestine (colon),
rectum, and anus.
• Digestive glands:
Liver and pancreas
Function
Digest food and absorb nutrients
for the body's physiological
processes.
9. SISTEM ORGAN
Nervous system
Organ
Brain, spinal cord, and peripheral
nerves.
Function
Receive stimuli from various
organs, provide responses
(answers) to stimuli, and regulate
the work of body organs.
10. SISTEM ORGAN
Organ
Lungs, liver, kidneys and skin
Function
Removing metabolic wastes and
maintaining body fluid balance
(homeostasis).
excretory system
11. Stem Cell
• Stem cells are cells that are the beginning of the
growth of other cells that make up the whole body of
an organism.
• Stem cells are unspecialized cells that have the ability
to continuously divide and renew themselves and
develop into specific cell types.
• This ability allows stem cells to become the body's
repair system by providing new cells to replace cells
damaged by disease.
12. Totipotensi
Pluripoten
Multipoten
Stem cells that
differentiate into
all cell types, for
example in zygote
and morula
Stem cells differentiate
into certain cell types
that are not much
different from stem cells.
For example, neural stem
cells differentiate into
nerve cells and glial cells
Stem cells that
differentiate into
3 germ layers
(ectoderm,
mesoderm, and
endoderm).
Stem cells that
differentiate into
one type of cell. For
example, erythrocyte
progenitor cells are
only able to
differentiate into red
blood cells
01
03
02 04
Unipoten
STEM SEL
Based on ability to differentiate
13. Stem cells obtained during individual
development are still in the embryonic
stage. Stem cells are obtained from
embryos in the blastocyst stage when
they are 5-7 days after fertilization. In
the blastocyst phase, the inner mass
of cells will clump together and
contain embryonic cells.
STEM SEL
STEM CELL TYPE
Sel Punca Embrionik
Sifat sifat sel embrionik
• Plulripoten dapat berdiferensiasi menjadi
berabgai jenis sel yang berasal dari 3 lapisan
embrionik.
• immortal, dapat berumur panjang sehingga
dapat memperbanyak diri ratusan kali dalam
kultur jaringan.
• Mempunyai kariotipe yang normal
• Dapat bersifat tumorigenik, artinya setiap
kontaminasi dengan sel yang tidak
berdiferensiasi dapat menimbulkan kanker.
• Bersifat allogenik, berpotensi menimbulkan
terjadinya penolakan imunitas
14. Stem cells are found among other cells
that have differentiated in mature
tissues. Multipotent. The differentiation
ability of adult stem cells is lower than
that of embryonic stem cells.
JENIS SEL PUNCA
Adult Stem Cells
Contoh sel punca dewasa
• Sel punca hematopoirtik berdiferensiasi menjadi seluruh
sel darah.
• Sel punca jaringan saraf berdiferensiasi menjadi 3 jenis
sel saraf utama (astrosit, oligodendrosit dan neuron).
• Sel punca jaringan kulit berdiferensiasi menjadi
keratinosit dan sel-sel lapisan epidermis kulit.
• Sel punca mesenkimal berdiferensiasi menjadi osteosit,
kondrosit, adiposity, dan sel-sel jaringan ikat.
• Sel punca jantung berdiferensiasi menjadi tiga jenis sel
jantung utama (endotel, kardiomiosit, dan sel otot
polos).
SEL PUNCA (STEM SEL)
16. TUMORS AND CANCER
• A tumor is a lump or swelling due to the growth
of abnormal cells that grow uncontrollably.
• Based on the growth, tumors can be divided
into two types, namely malignant tumors
(malignant tumors) and benign tumors (benign
tumors).
• Tumors that are malignant are called cancer.
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell
division and the ability of these cells to invade
other tissues, either by direct growth in
adjacent tissues (invasion) or by migration of
cells to distant sites (metasis).
17. TUMORS AND CANCER
Factors and causes
The cause of cancer is usually not known
with certainty because the cause of
cancer can be a combination and a set of
genetic and environmental factors.
Several factors are thought to increase the risk
of cancer as follows.
• heredity factor
• Environmental Factors
• Food factors that contain chemicals
• Virus
• Infection
• Free radicals
18. TUMORS AND CANCER
Factors and causes
• Heredity (genetic)
• Environmental Factors
• Food factors that contain
• chemical material
• Kanker cenderung dapat diturunkan (genetik) dapat diturunkan dalam
keluarga. Potensi kanker yang dapat diturunkan dalam keluarga
diantaranya, kanker payudara, kanker, indung telur, kanker kulit,
kanker usus besar.
• Lingkungan berpengaruh cukup besar terhadap penyebab timbulnya
kanker. Adanya perokok aktif atau perokok pasif beresiko besar
terkena kanker. Selain itu sinar ultraviolet dari matahari, radiasi dari
sinar nitrogen, radiasi dari pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir, dan
radiasi dari ledakan bom bersifat karasinogenik yang dapat memicu
timbulnya kanker.
• Contohnya makanan yang diolah dengan pengasapan, diasamkan,
minuman yang mengandung alcohol, zat kimia pewarna makan, dan
logam berat.
19. TUMOR DAN KANKER
• Infection
• Free radicals
• Virus
Virus yang menyebabkan kanker antara lain
• Papilloma virus menyebabkan kutil alat kelamin (genitalis) dicurigai
merupakan salah satu penyebab kanker leher rahim pada wanita.
• Virus hepatitis B dapat menyebabkan kanker hati
• HIV menyebabkan limfoma (kanker limfosit) dan kanker darah
lainya.
Infeksi yang menyebabkan kanker:
• Infeksi cacing Clonorchis sinensis dapat menyebabkan kanker
pancreas dan saluran empedu
• Infeksi cacing Schistosoma sp. Menyebabkan kanker kandung kemih.
• Bakteri Heliobacter pylori menyebabkan kanker lambung.
Radikal bebas adalah suatu atom, gugus atom, atau molekul yang
memiliki electron bebas. Sumber dari radikal bebas, antara lain produk
sampingan dari dari proses metabolisme dan racun-racun kimiawi dari
makanan dan minuman, udarah yang terpolusi, serta radiasi sinar
ultraviolet dari matahari.
