3. 1
izkDdFku
mRrj izns”k ek/;fed f”k{kk vfHk;ku vkSj dqlqek Qkm.Ms”ku ds la;qDr iz;kl ls l= 2016&2017 esa X;kjg tuinksa
& y[kuÅ] mUuko] lhrkiqj] jk;cjsyh] dkuiqj uxj] bVkok] vktex<+] cjsyh] “kkgtgk¡iqj] ihyhHkhr ,oa esjB ds 100
jktdh; ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa esa *mn~Hko* dk;ZØe dk “kqHkkjaHk fd;k tk jgk gSA mn~Hko dk;ZØe jktdh; ek/;fed
fo|ky;ksa esa d{kk&9 esa izos”k ysus okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vf/kxe Lrj dks d{kkuq:i cukus dk ,d iz;kl gS rkfd mUgsa
ek/;fed ,oa mPp f”k{kk izkIr djus esa lqxerk gks ldsA lkFk gh bl dk;ZØe ds fØ;kUo;u vkSj f”k{k.k dh xq.koRRkk
c<+kus gsrq f”k{kdksa ds {kerko)Zu dk Hkh izko/kku gSA
jk’Vªh; ek/;fed f”k{kk vfHk;ku dh uhfr;ksa ds vuq:i ,oa blds mn~ns~”;ksa dh izkfIr gsrq dqlqek Qkm.Ms”ku us mn~Hko
dk;ZØe dk fodkl fd;k ftls gjnksbZ tuin ds 25 jktdh; ,oa jktdh; lgk;rk izkIr ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa esa foxr
2 o’kksZa ls lQyrkiwoZd lapkfyr fd;k tk jgk gSA blds varxZr d{kk 9 ,oa 10 ds cPpksa ds orZeku vf/kxe Lrj dk
fu/kkZj.k dj muds lkFk dk;Z fd;k tkrk gSA lkFk gh f”k{k.k vf/kxe izfØ;k dks csgrj cukus ds fy, dqlqek }kjk
fodflr fo’k; vk/kkfjr lalk/ku cPpksa ,oa f”k{kdksa dks miyC/k djk;s tkrs gSaA
bl dk;ZØe ds varxZr f”k{kd izf”k{k.k vk;ksftr fd;s tkrs gSa rFkk fo|ky; Lrj ij f”k{kdksa dks lg;ksx iznku djus
gsrq fMfLVªDV fjlkslZ xzqi dk xBu fd;k tkrk gSA blls f”k{k.k dks izHkkoh cukus ds fy, fofHkUu f”k{k.k fof/k;ksa dks
le>us ,oa gLrxr djus esa f”k{kdksa dks lgk;rk feyrh gSA
jk’Vªh; ek/;fed f”k{kk vfHk;ku ds mnn~s”;ksa dh iwfrZ gsrq mRRkj izns”k ek/;fed f”k{kk vfHk;ku jkT; ds mi;qZDr
tuinksa ds p;fur fo|ky;ksa esa dqlqek ekWMYk (mn~Hko dk;ZØe) o vU; fo|ky;ksa esa jk’Vªh; ek/;fed f”k{kk vfHk;ku
}kjk vknsf”kr *fjesfM;y d{kk,a* fØ;kfUor djus dk fu”p; fd;k gSA mn~Hko dk;ZØe ds vUrZxr f”k{k.k eq[; :is.k
4 fo’k;ksa (xf.kr] foKku] vaxzsth o fgUnh) ij dsfUnzr gS vkSj blds fØ;kUo;u dh vof/k ,d o’kZ dh gSA lkFk gh
jk’Vªh; ek/;fed f”k{kk vfHk;ku ds vUrZxr fjesfM;y d{kk, nks fo’k;ksa (xf.kr vkSj fgUnh) ij dsfUnzr gSa vkSj blds
fØ;kUo;u dh vof/k 45 fnuksa dh gSA mRRkj izns”k ek/;fed f”k{kk vfHk;ku jkT; ds “ks’k fo/kky;ksa esa fjesfM;y d{kk,a
“kq: djus gsrq dqlqek }kjk fufeZr mnHko dk;ZØe ds lalk/kuksa dks bLrseky djus dk fu”p; fd;k gSA
bl dk;ZØe dh lQyrk vki f”k{kdksa] iz/kkukpk;ksZa ,oa Mh-vkj-th- lnL;ksa dh lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh ,oa ifjJe ij gh fuHkZj
gS ftl ij gesa iw.kZ fo”okl gSA ge bl dk;ZØe dh lQyrk ds fy;s mRrj izns”k ek/;fed f”k{kk vfHk;ku] dqlqek
Qkm.Ms”ku] f”k{kdksa] iz/kkukpk;ksZa] fMfLVªDV fjlkslZ xzqi ,oa LVsV fjlkslZ xzqi ds lnL;ksa dks gkfnZd “kqHkdkeuk,a nsrs gSaA
;w-ih-,e-,l-, Vhe dqlqek Vhe
5. 3
ifjp;
;g fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh viuh vH;kl iqfLrdk gSA bldk mn~ns”; QkmaMs”ku dSai esa fd, tk jgs dkeksa dks xgjkbZ ls lh[kus
esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh enn djuk gSA ;g bl rjg ls cukbZ xbZ gS fd f”k{kd igys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks dksbZ n{krk fl[kk,axs
vkSj fQj mlds vH;kl ds fy, blesa dqN iz”u fn, x, gSaaA mu iz”uksa ds mRrj nus ls fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks mu n{krkvksa
dks iDdk djus esa enn feysxhA
bl vH;kl iqfLrdk esa dbZ txg ,sls iz”u fn, x, gSa ftUgsa djus ds ckn d{kk esa izLrqr djuk gS rFkk ml ij lkFkh
fo|kfFkZ;ksa o f”k{kd ds lkFk ckr djuh gSA
vke rkSj ij fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks bl ij ,d fnu esa nks ckj dke djuk iM+sxkA f”k{kd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks crk nsaxs fd mUgsa bl
ij dc dke djuk gSA
bl vH;kl iqfLrdk esa dqN iz”u ,sls fn, x, gSa tks f”k{kd }kjk fl[kkbZ xbZ n{krk ds vH;kl ds fy, gSa vkSj dqN
iz”u ,sls gSa tks f”k{kd }kjk fl[kkbZ xbZ n{krk dks mlds vxys Lrj ij bLrseky djus ds fy, gSA ,sls iz”u fo|kfFkZ;ksa
ds lkeus muds Kku dks FkksM+k QSykus ds fy, j[ks x, gSa rkfd os mu pqukSfr;ksa ls tw> dj viuh Hkk”kk dh le>
dks FkksM+k vkSj fodflr dj ik,aA
6. 4
dk;Zi=d& 1% rkfydk esa fn;s x;s v{kjksa dks tksM+dj 'kCn cukvks
vk yw yks Vk i uk
e V j l dk tw
jk ew yh tw rk yk
e dk yk g jk gk
l c uh yw pks j
xh yk yh pk Vh l
-----------twrk----------------- -----------------uhyh----------- ----------------------------------
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dk;Zi=d& 2% tkuoj vkSj lfCt;ksa ds uke NkaVdj fy[kks
vk fx y g jh d
yw V ca xks Hkh V
l ek n pw gk g
e V j es Fkh y
‘ks j Fk t nk ew
xk t j ykS dh yh
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7. 5
dk;Zi=d& 3% fp= ns[kdj mldk uke fy[kks
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dk;Zi=d& 4% 'kCnksa dks i<+ks
tgkt nokr xeyk jetku
tkiku tx xM+cM+ jk[kh
vjeku tytyk njckj xjeh
jtkbZ xktj cjxn uV[kV
vktkn cjdr bejrh [kjk
v[kckj cktkj dgkuh jktk
jkuh uFk nhid ,sud
gkFkh Fkjel eVdk vukjdyh
ued v[kckj dguk vki
iyd gkFk ijh csy
rkjk txex fgykuk Fkdku
ihVuk dku csyu dky
8. 6
dk;Zi=d& 5% fp= ns[kdj lgh 'kCn fy[kks
xks@”k@j@[k ------------------------------------------------------
r@jh@N ------------------------------------------------------
bZ@fd@lk@y ------------------------------------------------------
c@fd@rk ------------------------------------------------------
gk@pw ------------------------------------------------------
n@y@ck ------------------------------------------------------
dk;Zi=d& 6% uhps fn, x, o.kZ ,oa ek=kvksa ls 'kCn cukvks
[k j r k h f
e
y
vk
u
c
d
cky fdrkc ---------------------
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9. 7
dk;Zi=d& 7% uhps fn, okD;ksa dks i<+ks
eksgu ckx esa x;kA
dy jk[kh FkhA
jeu eVdk cukrk FkkA
og ?kj ij gSA
ckny xjtus yxsA
vkt cktkj esa gkFkh ns[kkA
vktkn us ,d dgkuh cukbZA
rqe cktkj tkvksA
ehuk us nkor nhA
vkidk uke vfuy FkkA
geus yky fdyk ns[kkA
dy cjlkr gqbZ FkhA
edku esa tkys yxs FksA
lksgu cktkj x;kA
dk;Zi=d& 8% fp= ns[kdj okD; iwjk djks
lhrk--------------------------------ykbZA
rqe--------------------------------------[kkvksA
---------------------------------cktkj x;kA
11. 9
dk;Zi=d& 10% 'kCnksa dks lgh Øe esa tekdj okD; fy[kks
ukprk @ gS @ taxy @ eksj @ esa
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nkSM+ @ ?kksM+k @ gS @ jgk
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esjh @ ;g @ gS @ isfUly
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gS @ ?kkl @ xk; @ [kkrh
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Qy@cktkj@eksgu@yk;k@ls
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eVds@dkSvs@ls@ikuh@us@ih;k
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dk;Zi=d& 11% uhps fn, okD;ksa dks i<+ks
xhrk Nr ij Qy [kk jgh FkhA
ckyd Bqed Bqed dj ukp jgk gSA
pqfg;k vkt dfork xk jgh gSA
vkt lqcg nqdku ij >xM+k gqvkA
fdlku tehu dh tqrkbZ dj jgk gSA
gkFkh >hy dk ikuh ih jgk FkkA
eSaus vkt fdrkc dh dfork lqukbZ FkhA
vkt lqcg ehjk dgkuh lquk jgh FkhA
vkte Nr ij cSBdj jk;rk ih jgk gSA
lhrk jktk jkuh dh dgkuh lqukrh gSA
Hkkyw ukp fn[kk jgk FkkA
nhikoyh ij cgqr feBkbZ [kkbZA
edku dk pwuk fxj jgk FkkA
eerk Hkkyw vk jgk gSA
12. 10
dk;Zi=d& 12% Jqrys[k fy[kks
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13. 11
dk;Zi=d& 13% uhps fn, okD;ksa dks i<+ks
fufdrk dks bZuke fn;k x;kA
eksgu rkyk ys dj vk;kA
vke idk gqvk gSA
uy Vid jgk gSA
yhyk cktkj tk dj vk xbZA
;g ml fnu dh ckr gSA
[ksr ij cktjk ns[kus x;sA
djhe tqrkbZ djds vk;kA
ge eqckfjdiqj ls ikVu x;sA
vkt rks vksys fxjsA
[ksr ij cjxn yxk;kA
gkfen ds ?kj gkFkh vk x;kA
nhid [kkuiqj ls vk x;kA
cdjh ?kkl pj jgh gSA
dk;Zi=d& 14% fp= ns[kdj okD; fy[kks
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14. 12
dk;Zi=d& 15% i<+ks
rkykc ds fdukjs cr[k jgrh FkhA
rky&ryS;k esa lc ugkrsA
dks;y] eksj] iihgk] xkrsA
rkykc esa dey f[kyrs FksA
jkr cM+h fnu NksVs vk,A
ljlksa Qwyh ihyh&ihyhA
[ksr esa fdlku dke djrk gSA
mlus ,d rjdhc viukbZA
ekekth ehBs&ehBs Qy yk,A
vkt xq:th us le; ij cqyk;k gSA
ge lc feydj dke iwjk djsaxsA
ckny xjtrs jgsa] fctyh pedrh jghA
lisjk [ksy fn[kkus vk;k FkkA
lcus jsy dk [ksy [ksykA
dk;Zi=d& 16% uhps fn;s x;s 'kCnksa ls okD; cukvks
pkdw lCth eSa cktkj
dkVrk csyu gw¡ og
pdyk jksVh csyrk vkVk
Fkkyh [kkvks eq>ls cukvks
-----------------eSa lCth dkVrk gw¡ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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15. 13
dk;Zi=d& 17% uhps fn;s x;s 'kCnksa dks okD;ksa esa iz;ksx djks
?kksM+k -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
taxy -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cktkj -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
“kknh -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
esyk -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
?kj -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
gkFkh -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
pIiy -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
dk;Zi=d& 18% i<+ks
,d Fkh NksVh eNyhA og b/kj&m/kj [ksyrh jgrhA dHkh ikuh ls ckgj rkdrhA dHkh uhps vkdj [kkuk [kkrhA dHkh
lgsyh ds lkFk ukprh&xkrhA exj og dHkh ugha Fkdrh FkhA og ges”kk [ksyrh jgrhA
dk;Zi=d& 19% i<+ks
esjs xk¡o dk uke vtcx<+ gSA xk¡o esa ,d efUnj gSA efUnj ds ikl gh ikB”kkyk gSA ikB”kkyk ds ihNs iapk;r ?kj
vkSj nok[kkuk gSA xk¡o ds ckgj lMd+ ds fdukjs ,d ljk; gSA ;gk¡ clsa #drh gSaA xk¡o ds yksx cl ls “kgj tkrs
gSaA xk¡o esa lHkh feytqy dj jgrs gSaA
dk;Zi=d& 20% dgkuh i<+ks vkSj iz”uksa ds mRrj nks
“ksj vkSj Hkkyw fe= FksA nksuksa rkykc ij ikuh ihus x;sA rkykc ds fdukjs dhpM+ FkkA Hkkyw dhpM+ esa Q¡l x;kA “ksj us
Hkkyw dks [khapkA Hkkyw ckgj vk x;kA nksuksa fe= cgqr [kq”k gq;sA
rkykc ij ikuh ihus dkSu&dkSu x;k
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Hkkyw dks fdlus cpk;k
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nksuksa fe= [kq”k D;ksa gq,
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16. 14
dk;Zi=d& 21% Jqrys[k fy[kks
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dk;Zi=d& 22% dgkuh i<+ks vkSj iz”uksa ds mRrj nks
fcYyh ds rhu cPps FksA ,d dkyk] ,d Hkwjk vkSj ,d lQsnA rhuksa us ,d pwgk ns[kk vkSj os mlds ihNs HkkxsA pwgk
mpddj vkVs ds fMCcs esa dwn x;kA ,d&,d djds os rhuksa Hkh fMCcs esa dwn x,A ysfdu rc rd pwgk fMCcs ls ckgj
fudy vk;kA rhuksa cPps mnkl gksdj fMCcs ls ckgj fudysA mu rhuksa dk jax lQsn gks x;k FkkA
fcYyh ds cPpksa dk jax dSlk Fkk
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os fdls idM+uk pkgrs Fks
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rhuksa cPpksa dk jax lQsn D;ksa gks x;k
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17. 15
dk;Zi=d& 23% fp= ns[kdj nks okD; fy[kks
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dk;Zi=d& 24% dgkuh i<+ks
,d canj isM+ ij cSBk FkkA canj dh iw¡N cgqr yEch FkhA bruh yEch Fkh fd tehu rd yVd jgh FkhA ,d fxygjh
tehu ij mNy&dwn jgh FkhA ‘
vpkud mls iw¡N fn[kkbZ nhA mlus lkspk ;g >wyk dgk¡ ls vk x;k FkksM+h nsj igys rks ugha FkkA og iw¡N ij p<+dj
>wyus yxhA canj dks xqnxqnh gqbZA mlus uhps ns[kkA og cksyk&fxygjh cgu! D;k dj jgh gks eq>s xqnxqnh gks jgh
gSA fxygjh pkSadh canj HkS;k] ;g rqe gks eSa rks rqEgkjh iw¡N dks >wyk le>dj >wy jgh FkhA cM+k etk vk jgk FkkA
fxygjh lkspus yxh fd blh rjg jkst&jkst >wyk >wyus dks feys rks eq>s fdruk etk vk;sxkA fxygjh galrh gqbZ
isM+ dh Mkyh ij p<+ xbZA
vc bl dgkuh dk “kh’kZd fy[kks
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18. 16
dk;Zi=d& 25% bl dfork dks i<+ks
Ng lky dh Nksdjh]
Hkjdj ykbZ VksdjhA
Vksdjh esa vke gSa]
ugha crkrh nke gSA
fn[kk&fn[kkdj Vksdjh]
gesa cqykrh NksdjhA
ge dks nsrh vke gS]
ugha crkrh uke gSA
uke ugha vc iwNuk]
gesa vke gS pwlukA
dk;Zi=d& 26% nqdkunkj D;k lksp jgk gksxk fy[kks
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19. 17
dk;Zi=d& 27% dgkuh i<+ks vkSj iz”uksa ds mRrj nks
,d ckj ,d gkFkh lks jgk FkkA mls lksrk ns[k fxygjh vkbZA og mldh ihB ij p<+ xbZA gkFkh lksrk jgkA fQj [kjxks”k Hkh
mldh ihB ij p<+ x;kA fQj ,d fgju vk;kA oks Hkh gkFkh dh ihB ij p<+ x;kA rhuksa ihB ij [ksyus yxsA vpkud gkFkh
tkx x;k vkSj [kM+k gks x;kA fxygjh vkSj [kjxks”k >V ls Hkkx x;sA cspkjk fgju uhps fxj x;kA og gkFkh ls Mj x;kA mls
yxk] gkFkh mls ekjus okyk gSA exj gkFkh us mlls dgk] ^Mjks erA esjh ihB ij vkvksA^ gkFkh mls ihB ij fcBkdj ?kqekus yxkA
gkFkh dh ihB ij dkSu&dkSu p<+ x;k Fkk
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fgju D;ksa Mj x;k Fkk
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gkFkh us fgju ls D;k dgk
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dk;Zi=d& 28% fp= esa D;k gks jgk gS fy[kks
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22. 20
dk;Zi=d& 32% i<+ks vkSj uhps fy[ks iz”uksa ds mRrj nks
^n”kgjk* uke lqurs gh eu esa vtc lk mRlkg vkSj vkuUn Hkj tkrk gSA lHkh cPps blesa yxus okys esys dk cM+h
cslczh ls bUrtkj djrs gSaA rjg&rjg dh rS;kfj;k¡ djrs gSaA dksbZ u;s diM+s cuokrk gS rks dksbZ [kjhns tkus okys
[ksy&f[kykSuksa dh lwph cukrk gSA dksbZ esys esa yxus okys pj[ks&>wys ds vkuUn esa Mwck jgrk gSA
bl volj ij gksus okyh jkeyhyk dh rks ckr gh fujkyh gSA bldh rS;kjh igys ls dh tkrh gS vkSj bldk vk;kstu
dbZ fnuksa rd pyrk gSA vyx&vyx fnuksa jkek;.k ds vyx&vyx Hkkx dk eapu fd;k tkrk gSA
izk;% cPps jkek;.k ds ik=kas dk vfHku; djrs ns[ks tkrs gSaA bl esys esa NksVh&cM+h dbZ nqdkus yxrh gS ftlesa feBkb;k¡]
xksy&xIis] pkV&idkSM+h] xqCckjs] pj[kh&ckts] feV~Vh ds crZu vkfn cPpksa ls ysdj cM+ksa ds mi;ksx dh lkexzh gksrh gSA
dqN rks iwjs lky blh esys dk bUrtkj djrs gSaA
n”kgjs ds fnu jkeyhyk esa jko.k&o/k ds }kjk vlR; ij lR; dh thr dk lUns”k nsrs gq, ;g esyk iwjk gksrk gSA
;g ikB fdl esys ds ckjs esa gS
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n”kgjs ds esys ds fy, D;k rS;kjh dh tkrh gS
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dk;Zi=d& 33% lkspdj fy[kks
lksgu viuh e”khu lgh djkus dkyw feL=h dh nqdku ij vk;kA
mu nksuksa esa D;k ckr gqbZ gksxh vius “kCnkssa esa fyf[k,A
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24. 22
dk;Zi=d& 35% fn, x, 'kCnksa ls ,d dgkuh cukvks
canj] taxy] 'ksj] rkykc] tkuoj] lHkk] pwgk
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dk;Zi=d& 36% uhps fn;s x;s fp=ksa dks ns[kdj ,d dgkuh cukvks
28. 26
This Teaching-Learning material is part of the resource package developed by Kusuma Foundation
for Udbhav programme and its Scaleup supported by Uttar Pradesh Madhyamik Sikhsha Abhiyan
(UPMSA). This material has been developed by Kusuma Foundation with support from subject
experts and consultants and is intended for use by students, teachers and teacher educators of
secondary schools in Uttar Pradesh. The material also draws upon existing curricula, education
materials and manuals, the experience and views of teachers and also includes original material. The
material has been finalised after review by the State Resource Group (SRG) set up by UPMSA.
The material and its contents may not be sold or used for any commercial purpose. The manual and
its contents may be reproduced and used for educational purposes. Permission for reproduction and
use may be obtained from Kusuma at udbhav@kusumatrust.org or info@kusumafoundation.co.in
Funded by the Kusuma Trust UK (www.kusumatrust.org)
© 2016 Kusuma Trust UK
Kusuma believes that every child and young person has the potential to transform
and improve their life. Our mission is to facilitate and increase access to education
and other life opportunities for children and young people. Kusuma enables children
and young people to realise their potential. Our focus is to improve education
outcomes, and understand and address major barriers in education.
