4. สารธารแห่งคุณค่า
Value Stream
Requirement Value added
Gathering
Value added
Design
Value added
Construction
Quality Value added
Assurance
Deployment
10. Muda – ความสูญเปล่า
1. Overproduction
2. Waiting time
3. Transportation and handling
4. Useless and excess inventories
5. Production process
6. Useless motions
7. Scrap and defects