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Hva er Big Data?
Knut O. Hellan

Head of Data Science

Companybook
Definisjon
• Volume - mye data
• Velocity - rask produksjon og rask tilgjengelighet
• Variety - tekst, bilder, lyd, film
Definisjon
• Volume - mengden data
• Velocity - rask produksjon og rask tilgjengelighet
• Variety - tekst, bilder, lyd, film
• Variability - inkonsistente data
• Veracity - datakvalitet og nøyaktighet
• Complexity - lenker, krysskoblinger og mer
Volume
• Giga, Tera, Peta, Exa, Zetta, Yotta?
• Uhåndterlig med tradisjonelle metoder
Velocity
• Millioner av brukere hele tiden
• Deteksjon av unormal oppførsel
Variety
• Helsedata mange forskjellige kilder:
• Diagrammer
• Monitoreringsutstyr
• Bilder
• Tekst
Variability
• Manglende eller feil data
• PHP tomt objekt blir array i
JSON
• Forvent det uventede - husk
Murphy
Complexity
• Bestemme gjennomsnittslengde på brukersesjoner
• Start og slutt basert på tid mellom hendelser
• Må gjøres for hver aktive bruker
Veracity
• Har vi riktige data?
• Er algoritmene riktige?
• Er måten vi identifiserer sesjoner på riktig?
Historie
• Amerikanske folketelling 1880
• Opptellingen tok 7 år
• 1890 ville tatt 13 år => Information Overload
Historie
• The Hollerith Tabulating
Machine
• Hullkort kodet med kjønn,
alder, bosted og mer
• Opptellingen tok 1 år
Historie
• 1944 Universitetsbibliotek vil
få plassproblem
• Yale har 200 millioner bøker i
2040
• Vil trenge over 6000
bibliotekarer
Historie
• Michael Cox and David Ellsworth (NASA)
• “Application-controlled demand paging for out-of-
core visualization”
• 1997
Divide & Conquer
• Del opp til håndterlig størrelse
• Gjør beregninger
• Samle delresultater
Mapreduce
• Del opp data
• Gjør beregninger (Map)
• Aggregere resultateter (Reduce)
Unix Mapreduce
paste servers data | xargs -P6 -n2 -I% sh -c 'set -- %;
<$2 ssh $1 map' | reduce
paste servers data
xargs
Alex Schepanovski
Map
• Del opp linjer i enkeltord
• Skriv ut hver ord og et ett-tall
• For hvert ord, legg sammen alle tall
Map II
Vi ser nærmere på aktuelle trender og bruksområder
samt hvilke systemer og verktøy som benyttes i ulike
kontekster
vi 1

ser 1

nærmere 1

…
Shuffle
Vi ser nærmere på aktuelle trender og bruksområder
samt hvilke systemer og verktøy som benyttes i ulike
kontekster
…

nærmere 1

og 1

og 1

på 1

…
Reduce
Vi ser nærmere på aktuelle trender og bruksområder
samt hvilke systemer og verktøy som benyttes i ulike
kontekster
…

nærmere 1

og 1, 1

på 1

…
Reduce
Vi ser nærmere på aktuelle trender og bruksområder
samt hvilke systemer og verktøy som benyttes i ulike
kontekster
…

nærmere 1

og 2

på 1

…
Indeksering
• Inputdata er alle dokumenter
• Mappere får hele dokumenter og dokument id
• Skriver ut ord og dokument id
• Distribuert filsystem HDFS
• Mapreduce YARN
• Distribuert database: HBase
• Nesten SQL for HDFS og
HBASE: Hive
• Apache Pig
Apache Hive
• Eksterne data mange formater
• Støtter eksterne funksjoner f.eks Python
• Komplekse Spørringer
Apache Pig
• SQL lignende
• Dataflytspråk
• Kompilerer til Mapreduce
Lambdaarkitektur
Strømming
• Distribuert sanntidsprosessering (real-time)
• Alternativ til Mapreduce
• Apache Storm
Minne
• Spark - skriv prosessering i valgfritt språk
• Tez - gjør Pig- og Hive- applikasjoner raskere
Transport - Kafka
• Distribuert pub-sub kø
• Klienten vet hvor den skal lese
• Kafka har fast buffer
Arkitektur
App Kafka Storm HDFS Hive
M/R
Spark
Relasjonsdatabase
• Relasjoner
• Megaserver - mye minne, disk og CPU
• Multi-server er dyrt
Relasjonsdatabase
• 12 TB RAM
• 3072 Kjerner
• Delt minne
Alternativer
• Microsoft Azure
• Amazon EC2 / AWS
• Apache Flink
• Logstash og Kibana
Oppdeling
• Mye data
• Del opp konsistent
• Nøkkel har fast adresse
Oppdeling
• Mye trafikk
• Mange like deler
• Alle kan brukes
Oppdeling
• Mye trafikk og data
• Del datasettet
• Dupliser hver del
Relatert teknologi
Maskinlæring
Deep Learning
Eksperimentere
• https://github.com/wurstmeister/storm-docker
• https://github.com/prasanthj/docker-hive-on-tez
• https://hub.docker.com/r/ypandit/hdp-spark/
Eksperimentere II
• Installere lokalt på Windows, Mac, Linux
• Google it
Ekperimentere III
• Torch (http://torch.ch/)
• iTorch
• Visualisering av nettverk
Knut O. Hellan

Head of Data Science
https://www.companybooknetworking.com/
http://www.your.md/

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Big data tekna oktober 2015