1. F of C Study Guide
Chapters 13-15
1. Eschatology - The branch of theology that is concerned with such final things as death
and Last Judgment; Heaven and Hell; the ultimate destiny of humankind
2. Martyrs - A person who voluntarily suffers death because of her or his beliefs. The
Church has canonized many martyrs as saint
3. Final (last) Judgment - Judgment of human race by JC at his second Coming as noted in
Nicene Creed
4. Particular Judgment - Judgment after death as an individual
5. Parousia - Second Coming of Christ, when his Kingdom will be established and his tri-
umph over Evil will be complete.
6. Heaven- The dwelling place of God and saints, meaning all who are saved; a place where
we spend eternal life and union with God, in which we experience full happiness and sat-
isfaction of the deepest human longings
7. Hell - A place of permanent separation from God, reserved who consciously chose to re-
ject God to the very end of their life
8. Purgatory - State of final purification needed to enter holiness of Heaven; on way to sal-
vation; guaranteed heaven, following death and before going to heaven
9. Communion of Saints - The spiritual union of all those who believe in Christ and have
been redeemed, including both those who have died and those who are still living
10. Apostolic fathers - The group of Greek Christian authors in the late first and early second
centuries. They are our chief source of info about the early Church, and may have histori-
cal connections to Apostles
11. Liturgy - Meaning “public work,” liturgia in Greek; official public worship of Church,
heart and high point—or source and goal of which is the Eucharist which is central to the

2. mass of Church
12. Liturgical Ritual/celebration - Another name for a mass, baptism, or any other specific
liturgy
13. Liturgical Year - Annual cycle of religious feasts and seasons that form the context for the
Church’s worship
14. Advent - four-week liturgical season during which Christians prepare themselves for the
celebration of Christmas
15. Christmas - Feast day on which Christians celebrate the birth of Jesus; refers to liturgical
season that immediately follows Christmas day
16. Ordinary Time - Time in liturgical year that is not part of a special season like Advent,
Christmas, Lent, or Easter
17. Lent - Liturgical season of 40 days that begins with Ash Wednesday and ends with cele-
bration of Paschal mystery in Easter Triduum, season during which believers focus on
penance for sins
18. Triduum - 3 days of liturgical year that begins with Mass of Lord’s Supper in Holy Thurs-
day and ends with evening prayer on Easter Sunday
19. Easter - Day on which Christians celebrate Jesus’ Resurrection from the dead; considered
the most holy of all days and the climax of Church’s liturgical year
20. Symbol - Object or action that points us to another reality. It leads us to look beyond the
sense to consider the deeper mystery
21. Ritual - Establish form of words and actions for ceremony that is repeated often. The ac-
tions often have a symbolic meaning, such as the anointing with chrism at Confirmation
22. Efficacious - Power something holds to cause a desired effect. The sacraments are effica-
cious in bringing about the spiritual reality that they signify
23. Disposition - Inner attitude and readiness to receiving God’s gifts (graces), particularly

3. through the sacraments
24. Sacraments - In Catholic life and worship, 7 efficacious signs of God’s grace instituted by
Christ and entrusted to the Church by which divine life is dispensed to us
25. Sacramentals - Sacred signs (holy water and crucifix) that bear some resemblance to
sacraments, but which do not carry the guarantee of God’s grace associated with 7 sacra-
ments
26. Grace - Free and undeserved gift of God’s loving and active presence in the universe and
in our lives
27. Holy Week – In the Church’s liturgical year, the week preceding Easter, beginning with
Palm Sunday. It culminates the annual celebration of Christ’s Passion, death, and Resur-
rection
Questions
1. The three eschatological destinations are Heaven, Hell, and Purgatory. One’s acceptance
or rejection of God’s love determines whether someone goes to heaven or hell. In addi-
tion, ones faith with works that show the faith is also important in one’s final judgment.
2. Praying for the dead is related to purgatory because purgatory is a place where souls go to
be purged in order to be perfectly clean and holy for God. People who love one another
hold one another up before God in prayer, thus making it necessary to pray for the dead.
In addition, prayers are thought to help the person in purgatory and to make their experi-
ence in purgatory go faster so they suffer less.
3. The three groups that make up the communion of saints are the living believers, the be-
lievers who have died and are being purged before entering heaven, and the saints in
heaven. We pray in light of the communion of saints because people who love one anoth-
er hold one another up before God in prayer
4. Full, conscious, and active participation on the part of the laity is the goal of the Church

4. during the celebration of the mass. If we understand the parts of the mass, we will be less
likely to become lost, confused, or distracted. In order to accomplish this, we must pray
and read the Scriptures, thus sharpening our liturgy skills. If the laity is distracted or not
involved, then God’s words and actions are not being understood and lived on it day to
day life
5. Baptism- water poured over or immersed; Confirmation- laying on of hands and anoint-
ing with Chrism; Eucharist- wheat bread and grape wine; Penance- laying on of hands
and the words of absolution; Anointing of the Sick- anointing with the Oil of the Sick;
Holy Orders- laying on of hands and the prayer of consecration; Matrimony- exchange of
marriage vows.
6. A sign refers to an object that represents something else. A simple sign has a direct and
unmistakable connection to the reality it represents. Symbols, however, are complex
signs. A symbol represents more than just a physical reality, and often has multiple mean-
ings.
7. The sacraments are efficacious symbols because they not only indicate something but
also bring the reality of Jesus Christ into action. In addition, a sacrament does more than
just symbolize a spiritual reality. It actually makes that spiritual reality present at the
place and time the sacrament is celebrated. This reality is efficacious, as the sacraments
effect change in us and in the world because of God’s power, not our own.
8. Grace is the religious name we give to the free and undeserved gifts we receive from
God; grace is the experience we have of being loved as a child of God. The love we re-
ceive empowers us to live lives of love ourselves, in service to God and others. All this,
through the sacraments, is instrumental to our salvation. However, God’s grace is only
truly used to people who accept God’s love and get into Heaven.
9. A sacramental is usually an action or an object that is sometimes accompanied by a spe-

5. cial prayer. These symbols and rituals are related to the sacraments and many help us pre-
pare for the sacraments, but they were established by the Church rather than by Christ.
Notes from Morality Chapters in FofC
Ch. 21
•The beatitudes are the basis for the church’s moral teachings
•The church discerns what is right and wrong through the beatitudes that Jesus created in the Bible
•Because we are made in God’s image and God is truly moral therefore we are. However because
we were given free will we can not be on God’s moral level until we reach salvation in heaven
•Conscience helps us discern from right and wrong and gives us the knowledge to act on that
choice
•What makes something moral?----the object that is the specific person or doing, the intention of
the person doing the action, the circumstances surrounding the act
•For an act to be morally good, both the object and the person’s intention must be good. The cir-
cumstances play a secondary role, in determining how good or bad the action really is
•Sin is any word we speak, action that we perform, or desire that we have that is contrary to the
law that God has inscribed in our heart at the very moment we are conceived
•When we sin we don't follow the example of Jesus
•Mortal sin is a serious offense against God, one that destroys the virtue of charity within us, which
helps us to love God and our neighbor.
•What are the criteria for a mortal sin?
•Must involve grave matter.
•Must fully know action is disordered.
•Full consent of the will.

6. •Venial sins are less serious than mortal sins because they do not destroy our relationship with
God.
•Venial Sin – When one of the three conditions outlined above is not fully present, the sin in ques-
tion is called a “venial sin.” These are still sins deserving of punishment.
•When we keep repeating venial sins we form vices.
•Virtues, the opposite of vices, are habits of good action
•You grow into moral a moral person by choosing good acts, carefully examining your motives,
and avoiding circumstances that lessen your ability to choose freely
Ch. 23
•Natural Law – a moral compass or god given reason naturally endowed in each human being at
birth.
•The Old Law was the first stage of God’s Revelation to us about how we are to live as people
made in God’s image. Old Law=10 Commandments(Decalogue)
•New Law is the perfection of God’s moral law both natural and revealed. New Law= Gospels
•The Church has laws that help guide us toward the moral life
•The precepts of the Church
1.1.To keep holy the sabbath; to worship God by participating in Mass every Sunday and on
the Holy days of obligation; to avoid these activities would hinder renewal of the body and
soul on the Sabbath
1.2.To lead a sacramental life; to receive Holy Communion frequently and the sacrament of
Reconciliation at least once a year
1.3.To study catholic teaching in preparation for the sacrament of Confirmation
1.4.To observe the marriage laws of the Church
1.5.To strengthen and support the Church

7. 1.6.To do Penance including abstaining from meat and fasting from food on the appointed
days
1.7.To join in the missionary spirit and apostolate of the Church
•Magisterium---the bishops of the world united with the Pope with the responsibility of teaching
and passing on tradition
•The magisterium uses new law when teaching morals in Tradition.
•When speaking infallibly that text is called a doctrine
•Role of magisterium---preserve, explain, and observe truths in our faith
•Dogma--- a principle or set of principles laid out by the Church as infallible
•Conscience guides you toward the good when making decisions
Marian Handout
•Catholics worship mary because she was chosen to be the mother of God and through her Jesus
was immaculately conceived
•Mary played a huge role not only in the birth of Jesus but also in several instances throughout je-
sus’ life.
•The physical maternity of Mary was thus extended and expanded to include now a spiritual moth-
erhood of the Church, her son’s brothers and sisters.
•Mary is a symbol of the Church as displayed in Revelation 12
•She manifested Christian humility and obedience when she responded to God’s will
•Her faith in God and her response to his will mark Mary as the first human being to accept Christ,
body and soul, as she welcomed him into her very self.
•God’s revelation comes to us in scripture and Tradition both instruments of the holy spirit to guide
us

8. •The assumption of Mary into heaven shows that the human body is good and sacred and reminds
us that as beautiful as life on earth can be it will never be as good as life in heaven
•The doctrine of Mary’s perpetual virginity does not hold that sex is bad; instead it is a statement
of Mary’s single-heartedness and the uniqueness of her vocation
•No other work could surpass the coming forth of the messiah from Mary’s womb that is why she
never had another kid
•This virginity shows us that sexual intimacy is not the only way to be fully human and fully lov-
ing
•Mary’s virginity stands out as the definitive cause of genuine feminine liberation
•Women were recognized as having values in themselves, independently of their attachment to a
man
•Faith from five perspectives
1.Her immaculate conception
2.Her perpetual virginity
3.Her assumption
4.Her role as mother of the Church
5.Whether or not Mary is worshipped by Catholics
•The angels greeting shows that mary is recognized for her unique gift which separates her from
other human beings
•Mary is “full of grace”
•The first half of the hail mary is a direct quote from Luke 1:28, 42 while the second half affirms
the divinity of Christ, the fallen state of man, human mortality, and the power of prayer
•Statues are used as reminders and aids to devotion which focus one’s attention on prayer and the
practice of virtue

9. •Catholics honor the Blessed Mother and the other saints