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“Successful Establishment of Longleaf Regeneration in the Red Hills of GA and FL” Bill Palmer, Director, Tall Timbers Research Center, Tallahassee, FL
- 1. Successful EEssttaabblliisshhmmeenntt ooff LLoonngglleeaaff RReeggeenneerraattiioonn iinn RReedd HHiillllss ooff GGAA && FFLL
- 3. co The couunnttrryy aarroouunndd TTaallllaahhaasssseeee aanndd TThhoommaassvviillllee iiss ttoo qquuaaiill hhuunnttiinngg wwhhaatt tthhee bblluueeggrraassss ooff KKeennttuucckkyy iiss ttoo tthhoorroouugghhbbrreeddss aanndd BBoorrddeeaauuxx iiss ttoo wwiinnee.. ------ FFoorrbbeess MMaaggaazziinnee
- 4. TThhee RReedd HHiillllss hhaass bbeeeenn oonnee ooff tthhee ffeeww ppllaacceess iinn tthhee ssoouutthheeaasstt wwhheerree ffiirree hhaass ppeerrssiisstteedd iinn tthhee ccuullttuurree aatt tthhee llaannddssccaappee lleevveell ffoorr aa lloonngg ppeerriioodd ooff ttiimmee..
- 7. The ddeennssiittyy ooff ttiimmbbeerr ssttaannddss sshhoouulldd rreecceeiivvee ccoonnssttaanntt aatttteennttiioonn oonn tthhee wweellll--mmaannaaggeedd qquuaaiill pprreesseerrvvee.. —— HHeerrbbeerrtt LL.. SSttooddddaarrdd,, TThhee BBoobbwwhhiittee QQuuaaiill,, IItt’’ss HHaabbiittss,, PPrreesseerrvvaattiioonn aanndd IInnccrreeaassee
- 8. Relationship between timber basal area and bobwhite abundance SH TT SH SH TT TT TT TT LL LL LL PH PH PH PH DE DE DE SW SW DE LL SW 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Basal Area (m 2 / hectare) 8 6 4 2 18 16 14 12 10 Bobwhite Covey Count r = -0.6118, p = 0.0019
- 9. Herbert L. Stoddard, Sr., Pioneering Wildlife Ecologist and Founder of Tall Timbers Research Station
- 10. Herbert L. Stoddard, Sr. Wade Tract - circa 1950 DDeevveellooppeedd tthhee SSttooddddaarrdd--NNeeeell MMeetthhoodd ooff FFoorreesstt MMaannaaggeemmeenntt Leon Neel Greenwood - circa 2001
- 11. Traditional UEM
- 13. Natural Disturbance Regime(s) of the Coastal Plain • Fire (natural and anthropogenic origin) – Lightning strikes kill individual trees – Frequent low intensity (1-5 yr interval) – Fire intensity can intensify during drought, mortality resulting • Wind – Significant player in coastal regions – Less frequent but larger scale events (Hurricanes) • Insects/pathogens – Southern pine beetle (LL is fairly resistant) – Brown spot
- 14. Patterns of Canopy Disturbance Mature Forest Stand Replacing Gap Creating Partial Disturbance
- 15. Silvicultural Practices For EAM Two-aged Potential
- 16. Silvicultural Practices For UEAM Balanced Unbalanced
- 17. Longleaf Pine Population Dynamics (Platt et al. 1988)
- 19. Growing Season EEssttaabblliisshhmmeenntt WWiitthh FFiirree Dormant Season
- 20. FFrreeqquueennccyy ooff FFiirree:: FFiirree ffrreeqquueennccyy iiss oonnee ooff tthhee mmoosstt iiff nnoott tthhee mmoosstt iimmppoorrttaanntt ooff aallll tthhee ffiirree vvaarriiaabblleess • 33 yyeeaarrss iiss aa eeccoollooggiiccaall tthhrreesshhoolldd • SShhiifftt ffrroomm wwooooddyy ttoo hheerrbbaacceeoouuss ddoommiinnaannccee Is important because it is a system driver
- 21. Fire Scars (Huffman, 2007) 72% of the sample
- 22. Brockway and Boyer 5-7+ yr interval
- 23. Morriss and Mills 1948 Age of rough 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 Seed source VG G F P
- 24. WWaaddee TTrraacctt EExxaammppllee Old-growth lloonngglleeaaff ppiinnee,, hhaadd bbeeeenn bbuurrnneedd aannnnuuaallllyy iinn tthhee ddoorrmmaanntt sseeaassoonn ffoorr oovveerr 110000 yyeeaarrss.. NNoo rreeggeenneerraattiioonn,, ccaannooppyy bbrreeaakkddoowwnn,, bbrraacckkeenn ffeerrnn uunnddeerrssttoorryy
- 26. In 1982 mmoovveedd ttoo ggrroowwiinngg sseeaassoonn ((MMaayy--JJuunnee)) bbuurrnnss oonn aa 22--yyeeaarr ccyyccllee.. RReeggeenneerraattiioonn,, ssttiillll ooppeenn ccaannooppyy,, wwiirreeggrraassss uunnddeerrssttoorryy NNoo SSooiill DDiissttuurrbbaannccee ttoo CCaappttuurree LLLLPP
- 27. 160 120 80 40 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 Size Class (cm) 0 PIPA Stems/4 ha HA4_76 HA4_96 1979 1996
- 28. HHiigghh DDeennssiittyy QQuuaaiill PPrrooppeerrttyy 2-year Fire Frequency March-April Fires Selecting for LLP- Mowers
- 29. Conversion of Old Field Pines Under Planting and Gap Planting UUNNDDEERR PPLLAANNTTIINNGG LLLLPP BBaassaall AArreeaass << 6600 fftt^^22//aaccrree BBuurrnn LLaattee SSpprriinngg oorr SSuummmmeerr PPllaanntt tthhaatt FFaallll uussee aa 44xx44’’ ssppaacciinngg aaccrree pplloottss oorr 9900--112200’’ wwiiddee ssttrriippss
- 30. UUNNDDEERR PPLLAANNTTIINNGG LLLLPP CCoonntt HHeerrbbiicciiddeess ((GGaarrlloonn)) ccaann bbee uusseedd ttoo iimmpprroovvee GGrroouunndd ccoovveerr SSpprraayy ssuummmmeerr pprriioorr ttoo ppllaannttiinngg ffrroomm ffoorrbb//hhaarrddwwooooddss ttoo ggrraasssseess
- 31. First Burn 18 months post planting Two Year Fire Return Interval naturally pruning and quality trees
- 32. Planting Forest Openings Planting Density and Fire
- 33. Pruned LL Pines
- 34. Conversion of Crop Fields Poorly Formed Trees – higher fertility sites? Generally Higher Stocking Rate - 605 TPA Pruning will be needed at lower TPA Ground cover to permit burning – first MAY avoid issues
- 35. Establish Ground CCoovveerr –– BBuurrnniinngg CClluummpp ppllaannttiinngg vveerrssuuss rrooww ppllaannttiinngg
- 36. In a Nutshell • Stoddard-Neel System is a form of UEA Management • Bimodal Distribution versus Reverse J • Existing LLP – Fire and Gaps • Works well with wildlife Values • Retains significant old growth portion • Under-planting with frequent fire – May require herbicide as site prep • Field systems require heavier stocking – Establish burnable ground cover