2. Sources
Key to source 1.4
Writing in picture
Primary sources
Pictorials
Written sources
Archaeologist
Sir Mortimer Wheeler
Carbon-dating
Dendochronology
Thermo luminescence
3. Another name for clue historians use is “Sources”.
There are two kinds of sources which give
historians clues about the past.
Primary sources
Secondary sources
4. 1.4c: The railway station at the town of Sanzal
near Chaman on Pak/Afghan border. This
photograph was first published in 1895.
1.4e: President Kennedy of the United States
presenting an award to first American in space,
Alan B Sheppard, in 1961.
5. This can be a great help. Even if it doesn’t give
much information. It’ll probably give a clue to the
part of the world where it was taken.
6. 3 types:
Artifacts (things)
Pictorial (pictures)
Written
Example of Artifacts:
Statues
Pottery
Buildings
Roman coins (2000 years ago)
7. Paintings or drawings pictures of people
(portraits) cave paintings, relief carvings and
photographs.
8. they are very useful to historians because they
can provide a great deal of information about
lives of people. They might be official records such
as orders given by a ruler or history of country, or
less important things like prison records or
newspaper.
Source 1.7
This medieval manuscript is written in Latin, the
language of Ancient Romans.
9. An archaeologist is a historian who looks for
sources at sites such as ancient graves, towns and
cities which have been buried for many centuries.
10. Was a famous British archaeologist who was
adviser in Archaeology to the Government of
Pakistan after partition in 1947. He carried out
many excavations at several places in Pakistan,
including Indus Valley Civilization sites at
Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa.
11. Used for human remains, woods and other things
that were once alive. Living things absorb carbon
when they were alive including carbon 14 which is
radio active. When it dies, it stops absorbing
carbon 14, which starts to break down. Scientists
can measure how much carbon 14 is left in
something and this can tell them how long ago it
died.
12. Tree ring dating. Historians study the pattern of
ring in the tree trunk to try to find out when it
died.
13. Is used for dating pottery which has been fired in
a kiln.
