Lesson 4: Non-Biblical Sources of Jesus Christ Historicity.

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The Life and
Ministry of
Jesus Christ
Lesson 4: Non-Biblical Sources of Jesus
Christ Historicity
Presenter: Bro Damaine Franklin
Bible Way Apostolic Church
B I B L E S T U D Y S E R I E S
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The Jewish Sources – The Talmud
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Jewish Beliefs
Jewish customs and traditions are founded on four fundamental principles.
God is One (Jewish confession of faith - Monotheism)
 Many Jews recite the Shema twice daily, demonstrating this fundamental belief: Hear,
O Israel: The LORD our God is one LORD. (Deuteronomy 6:4-9)
God is the Creator
 This belief is paramount because Jews learn that God is the author of all creation,
which is emphasized in Genesis 1 and 2.

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Jewish Beliefs
God is a Law-Giver
 These laws serve as the foundation upon which Jews conduct their daily lives. It
includes animal sacrificial laws, dietary, agriculture, worship, moral laws and so on.
God is a Judge
 To the Jews God is portrayed as the divine Judge who will judge each person on how
well they have kept his laws. Those who have followed God’s laws will be rewarded but
those who have not will be punished.
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Jewish Sacred Texts – The Torah
The word ‘Torah’ is an Hebrew word which when translated in English means
‘instruction’, ‘Teaching’ or ‘Law’. The Torah contains the 613 laws or (613 Halakha)
which regulates religious observances and daily life and conduct of the Jewish
people. Each of these laws is referred to as a Mitzvot by Jews, which literally means
"commandments" or "good deeds." The Torah is made up of five books, which are
as follows:
Genesis | Exodus | Leviticus | Numbers | Deuteronomy

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Jewish Sacred Texts – The Hebrew Bible
The Tenakh is a sacred text in Judaism and is often referred to as the Hebrew Bible.
It is known by Jews as the written law. The word Tenakh is an acronym made up of
the three sections found within the book:
Torah (Law) five books
Nevi’im (Prophets) – eight books
Ketuvim (holy writings) 11 books
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Jewish Sacred Texts – The Hebrew Bible
The second division - Nevi’im (prophets)
 The eight books of the Nevi'im describe Jewish history after Moses' death and
the covenant relationship with God. These books includes:
Joshua | Judges | Samuel | Kings | Isaiah | Jeremiah | Ezekiel | The 12 minor
prophets as a single book.

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Jewish Sacred Texts – The Hebrew Bible
The Third Division - Ketuvim (Holy writings)
 The third division of the Jewish bible is comprised of 11 books which are:
The Poetics books such as Job, Psalms and Proverbs.
The Five Scrolls which are relative short books such as Songs of Solomon,
Ruth, Lamentation, Ecclesiastes, and the book of Esther.
The remaining books in Ketuvim are Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah and
Chronicles.
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Jewish Sacred Texts – The Hebrew Bible
Tenakh
Torah
Law
5 books of
Moses
Nevi’im
Prophets
8 books of
the prophets
Ketuvim
Holy writings
11 books o
writings
TNK

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Jewish Sacred Texts: The Mishna
According to Rabbinic Judaism, the word ‘Mishna’ means “study by repetition”
and it is the first major written collection of the Jewish oral traditions known as the
Oral Torah.
The Oral Torah represents those laws, statutes, and legal interpretations that
were not recorded in the Five Books of Moses, the "Written Torah“
According to Jewish tradition, the Oral Torah was passed down orally in an
unbroken chain from generation to generation until its contents were finally
committed to writing
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Jewish Sacred Texts: Oral Traditions Explained
WrittenTorah OralTorah Mishna
But the seventh day is the
sabbath of the LORD thy
God: in it thou shalt not do
any work, thou, nor thy
son, nor thy daughter, thy
manservant, nor thy
maidservant, nor thy
cattle, nor thy stranger
that is within thy gates:
(Exo 20:10)
Verbal instructions as to
what pertains to
working on the Sabbath
day such as: plowing,
planting, harvesting,
gathering, threshing,
baking, grinding,
sifting, building,
carrying etc.
Rabbis compiled the Oral
Torah into what we called
the Mishna.The Mishna
provided the means to
preserve rabbinic laws since
they were proliferating and
becoming difficult to recall
from memory.

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Jewish Sacred Texts: The Mishna
The Mishna is notable for its topical organization, which divides the oral traditions
of Jewish religious law into six major areas, known as "sedarim" or six Orders,
which are further subdivided into separate topical tractates. The Mishna's six
orders are:
The Six Orders of the Mishnah
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Jewish Sacred Texts: The Gemara
The term Gemara means "commentary" in English, and its origins can be traced
back to the hermeneutic, interpretive, and analytic exegesis of Jewish traditions
and customs by rabbinical sages.
Because some laws are difficult to understand, Rabbinical scholars wrote
commentaries to explain them, and the Gemara serves as a supplement or
commentary to the Mishna.

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Jewish Sacred Texts: The Gemara
WrittenTorah OralTorah Mishna
Gemara
The Gemara are rabbinic debates,
discussions, interpretation and expansion of
what is written in the Mishna.
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Jewish Sacred Texts: The Talmud
The word Talmud is derived from the Hebrew verb 'to teach', which can also be
expressed as the verb 'to learn'. It is the civil and canonical law of the Jews,
consisting of the Mishna (text) and the Gamara (commentary).
There are two forms of the Talmud:
The Talmud Bavli (Babylonian Talmud)
The Talmud Yerushalmi (The Jerusalem Talmud)

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Sample Page of The Talmud
The text of the Mishna is in
the middle
Various commentaries
called Gemara are around
it.
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References to Jesus in the Talmud
“They are deliberately intended to contradict events recorded in the
Gospels; the selfsame facts are perverted into bad and blamable acts.
For example, the Gospels say that Jesus was born of the Holy Spirit,
and not of a human father; theTalmud stories assert that Jesus was
indeed born without a father, yet not of the Holy Spirit, but as the
result of an irregular union.The Gospels say that He performed signs
and wonders through the Holy Spirit and the power of God; theTalmud
stories allow He did indeed work signs and wonders, but by means of
magic.”
Joseph Klausner
1874 – 1958
Jewish Historian

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References to Jesus in the Talmud
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References to Jesus in the Talmud

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References to Jesus in the Talmud
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References to Jesus in the Talmud

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References to Jesus in the Talmud
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References to Jesus in the Talmud

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References to Jesus in the Talmud
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References to Jesus in the Talmud

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References to Jesus in the Talmud
The Talmud: Babylonian | Jerusalem
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The End
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References
1. The Babylonian Talmud - The William Davidson Edition https://www.sefaria.org/texts/Talmud
2. Mishnah. https://people.ucalgary.ca/~elsegal/TalmudMap/Mishnah.html
3. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
https://mfa.gov.il/MFA/IsraelExperience/AboutIsrael/Spotlight/Pages/Jewish%20Sacred%20Texts
.aspx
4. Religion: Babylonian Talmud. https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/babylonian-talmud-full-text
5. Judaism: The 613 Mitzvot (Commandments) https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-613-mitzvot-
commandments