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© Muzzammil Muttur – 2022 1
CIE O Level
November 2022 – Paper 2
Solutions for Pre-Release Material
Version 2.1
©Muzzammil Muttur – July 2022
Please feel free to distribute this document.
No modifications allowed to this document without prior permission.
Note: All modifications in new version are highlighted in green.
Thank you to email all your suggestions, comments and feedback.
Muzzammil Muttur
5 493 1972
Facebook Page: @mmuttur
learnatedutech@gmail.com

Pre Release Material

QUESTION BREAKDOWN
● Visitor car park has 20 spaces
● Car park spaces are numbered 1 to 20
● Booking can be made visitors up to 2 weeks in advance
● To make a booking: visitor must provide license number of car and customer name
● The next available parking space (beginning at space 1) is allocated and given data is stored
● System needs to record car park bookings
● Program work for a period of two weeks
SCENARIO
● person comes for visitor parking space booking
● user is shown a menu with three options: make a parking place booking, delete and reset all data
structures (arrays) or exit the system
● person provides car license number and name
● system checks if there are free spaces for that day
● if there are free spaces for required day, then give next free space (starting from number 1) to customer
and store data needed
ASSUMPTIONS:
● a parking space is booked for a whole day
● a customer books one parking slot at a time
● no document is checked for accessible parking space

Processing Required

TASK 1
 use arrays to store required data
 arrays to store car license numbers and names of visitors who have booked car parking spaces
 arrays must have enough spaces for a static period of two weeks
 a visitor can request a parking space for any day within the two-week period
 system must check that there are free spaces on the day requested
 visitor enter their name and car license number for making booking
 data will be stored in data structures (arrays)
 parking space will be given for next available space for the day requested
 if there are no free parking spaces for the day requested, the visitor is informed that booking
cannot be done
 visitor must be told the number of their parking space for that day
 at the end of the two-week period, all data is to be deleted and system must be ready for the next
two week period
TASK 2
 ask user if accessible space is needed
 answer to be recorded as Y/N
 if accessible space is to be given, then allocate the first free space (starting from
 if no accessible space is to be given, then give the first free space as from space 20 (general spaces)
and keep decrementing until parking space 6 is booked

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

TASK 3
 calculate statistics based on the array used to store parking space booking
 use a counter to access the array for the different days
 show the user a menu to choose between the different statistics that can be generated
 choice 1: display the number of accessible spaces used on a specific day (count number of elements
not set to “Free” for spaces 1 to 5)
 choice 2: display the number of general spaces used on a specific day (count number of elements not
set to “Free” for spaces 6 to 20)
 choice 3: display total number of spaces used on a specific day
 choice 4: display total number of accessible spaces used for the whole 14-day period (count number of
elements not set to “Free” for spaces 1 to 5 for each of the 14 days)
 choice 5: display total number of general spaces used for the whole 14-day period (count number of
elements not set to “Free” for spaces 6 to 20 for each of the 14 days)
 choice 6: display total number of spaces used for the whole 14-day period (count number of elements
not set to “Free”)

Pseudocode Solutions

TASK 1
DECLARE dayNumber, startingArrayID : INTEGER
DECLARE i, Count, choice : INTEGER
DECLARE VisitorName, CarLicenseNumber : STRING
DECLARE FreeLocationFound : BOOLEAN
DECLARE TotalAvailableParkingSlots : INTEGER
DECLARE ParkingBookingName[280] : STRING
DECLARE ParkingBookingCarNumber[280] : STRING
//initialize both arrays
FOR i  1 To 280
ParkingBookingName[i]  "Free"
ParkingBookingCarNumber[i]  "Free"
Next i
DO
OUTPUT "Parking Space Booking System"
OUTPUT "1. Make Booking"
OUTPUT "2. Delete All Stored Data"
OUTPUT "3. Exit"
OUTPUT "Enter your choice number: "
INPUT choice
IF choice = 1 THEN
REPEAT
OUTPUT "Enter day number [1 to 14]: "
INPUT dayNumber
UNTIL dayNumber >= 1 AND dayNumber <= 14
startingArrayID  ((dayNumber - 1) * 20) + 1
Count  0
FreeLocationFound  FALSE
TotalAvailableParkingSlots  20
REPEAT
IF ParkingBookingName [startingArrayID + Count] = "Free" THEN
FreeLocationFound  TRUE
ELSE
Count  Count + 1
END IF
UNTIL Count = TotalAvailableParkingSlots OR FreeLocationFound = TRUE
IF FreeLocationFound = TRUE THEN
OUTPUT "Enter visitor name: "
INPUT VisitorName
OUTPUT “Enter car license number: "
INPUT CarLicenseNumber
ParkingBookingName[startingArrayID + Count]  VisitorName
ParkingBookingCarNumber[startingArrayID + Count]  CarLicenseNumber
OUTPUT “Parking slot allocated: “, Count+1

End If
If FreeLocationFound = False Then
OUTPUT "Sorry. No more free locations on selected day."
End If
//delete all data over the last two weeks period
ELSEIF choice = 2 THEN
FOR i = 1 TO 280
NEXT i
END IF
UNTIL choice = 3

TASK 2
DECLARE i, Count, choice As INTEGER
DECLARE parkingSlotNumber : INTEGER
DECLARE AccessibleSpaceNeeded : CHAR
DECLARE TotalAvailableParkingSpaces : INTEGER
DECLARE ParkingBookingCarNumber[280] : STRING
FOR i  1 TO 280
NEXT i
Do
OUTPUT "3. Exit"
INPUT choice
IF choice = 1 THEN
REPEAT
OUTPUT "Enter day number [1 to 14]: "
INPUT dayNumber
OUTPUT "Do you need an accesible parking space? [Y/N]"
INPUT AccessibleSpaceNeeded
IF AccessibleSpaceNeeded = "Y" THEN
Count  0
TotalAvailableParkingSpaces  20
REPEAT
ELSE
Count  Count + 1
END IF
UNTIL Count = TotalAvailableParkingSpaces OR FreeLocationFound = TRUE

ELSEIF AccessibleSpaceNeeded = "N" THEN
Count  19
REPEAT
ELSE
Count  Count - 1
END IF
UNTIL Count = 4 OR FreeLocationFound = TRUE
END IF
OUTPUT "Enter visitor name: "
INPUT VisitorName
OUTPUT "Enter car license number: "
ParkingBookingName [startingArrayID + Count]  VisitorName
ParkingBookingCarNumber [startingArrayID + Count] CarLicenseNumber
OUTPUT "Parking space number booked: " , Count + 1
END IF
IF FreeLocationFound = FALSE THEN
END IF
FOR i  1 TO 280
NEXT
END IF
UNTIL choice = 3

TASK 3
DECLARE i, Count, choice, statisticsChoice, parkingCount : INTEGER
DECLARE parkingSlotNumber : INTEGER
DECLARE AccessibleSpaceNeeded : CHAR
DECLARE TotalAvailableParkingSpaces : INTEGER
DECLARE ParkingBookingCarNumber[280]: STRING
FOR i  1 TO 280
NEXT i
REPEAT
OUTPUT"Parking Space Booking System"
OUTPUT"1. Make Booking"
OUTPUT"2. Delete All Stored Data"
OUTPUT"3. Show Statistics"
OUTPUT"4. Exit"
OUTPUT"Enter your choice number: "
INPUT choice
IF choice = 1 THEN
REPEAT
OUTPUT"Enter day number [1 to 14]: "
INPUT dayNumber
startingArrayID = ((dayNumber - 1) * 20) + 1
Count  0
REPEAT
IF ParkingBookingName[startingArrayID + Count]  "Free" THEN
FreeLocationFound  True
ELSE
Count = Count + 1
END IF

UNTIL Count = TotalAvailableParkingSpaces OR FreeLocationFound =
TRUE
Count  19
REPEAT
IF ParkingBookingName[startingArrayID + Count] = "Free" THEN
ELSE
Count  Count - 1
END IF
END IF
OUTPUT"Enter visitor name: "
INPUT VisitorName
OUTPUT"Enter car license number: "
ParkingBookingName[startingArrayID + Count]  VisitorName
ParkingBookingCarNumber[startingArrayID + Count]  CarLicenseNumber
OUTPUT "Parking space number booked: " , Count + 1
END IF
IF FreeLocationFound = FALSE THEN
END IF
FOR i  1 TO 280
NEXT i
'show statistics
OUTPUT "1 - Number of accessible spaces used on a specific day"
OUTPUT "2 - Number of general spaces used on a specific day"
OUTPUT "3 - Total number of parking spaces used on a specific day"
OUTPUT "4 - Total number accessible spaces used on whole 14-day period"
OUTPUT "5 - Total number general spaces used on whole 14-day period"
OUTPUT "6 - Total number of parking spaces used on whole 14-day period"
OUTPUT "7 - Back to main menu"

OUTPUT"Enter your choice number: "
INPUT statisticsChoice
IF statisticsChoice = 1 THEN
OUTPUT"Enter day number [1-14]: "
INPUT dayNumber
parkingCount  0
FOR i  0 TO 4
IF ParkingBookingName[startingArrayID + i] <> "Free" THEN
parkingCount  parkingCount + 1
END IF
NEXT i
OUTPUT"Number of accessible spaces used on day ",dayNumber, ": ",
parkingCount
END IF
INPUT dayNumber
parkingCount  0
FOR i  5 TO 19
END IF
NEXT i
OUTPUT "Number of accessible spaces used on day ",dayNumber,": "
,parkingCount
END IF
INPUT dayNumber
parkingCount  0
FOR i  0 TO 19
END IF
NEXT i
OUTPUT "Number of accessible spaces used on day ",dayNumber,": "
,parkingCount

END IF
parkingCount  0
FOR dayNumber = 1 TO 14
FOR i  0 TO 4
parkingCount = parkingCount + 1
END IF
NEXT i
NEXT dayNumber
OUTPUT "Number of accessible spaces used on day ",dayNumber,":
",parkingCount
END IF
parkingCount  0
FOR dayNumber  1 TO 14
FOR i  5 TO 19
END IF
NEXT i
NEXT dayNumber
OUTPUT"Number of general spaces used on day ",dayNumber,": ",
parkingCount
END IF
parkingCount  0
FOR dayNumber = 1 TO 14
FOR i  0 TO 19
END IF
NEXT i
NEXT dayNumber

OUTPUT"Number of parking spaces used on day ",dayNumber,": ",
parkingCount
END IF
END IF
UNTIL choice = 4

USING CASE STRUCTURE
CASE structure could have been used to implement the different menu options.
A subroutine is then called for each menu option. The following menu is displayed for Task 3.
Parking Space Booking System
1. Make Booking
2. Delete All Stored Data
3. Show Statistics
4. Exit
Enter your choice number:
REPEAT
OUTPUT "3. Show Statistics"
OUTPUT "4. Exit"
INPUT choice
CASE menuChoice OF
1 : makeBooking ()
2 : DeleteAllData()
3 : ShowStatisticsMenu()
4 : exitProgram()
OTHERWISE Output ”Enter a number between 1 and 4.”
ENDCASE
Until Choice >= 1 and Choice <= 4

DATA VALIDATION
Validating data input could be done using a Repeat…Until loop as follows:
The following data input:
INPUT dayNumber
Is validated as follows:
REPEAT
INPUT dayNumber

Potential Exam Questions
Based on Past CIE Exam Papers

1 (a) Write pseudocode for declaring a variable to be used.
DECLARE VisitorName : STRING
DECLARE dayNumber : INTEGER
(b) Give an example of a constant you have used.
AcessibleSpaces could have been used as a constant. It would then be declared and
initialised at the start of the program.
CONSTANT AcessibleSpaces : INTEGER
AcessibleSpaces  5
2 List three variables in your solution and what they are used for.
Variable 1:
 FreeLocationFound
 BOOLEAN data type
 It is a flag used to indicate if a free location has been found for the requested day.
Variable 2:
 AccessibleSpaceNeeded
 CHAR data type
 It is used to store the answer to the question: “Is an accessible parking space needed?
[Y/N]”
 Answer to the question is either ‘Y’ or ‘N’.
Variable 3:
 dayNumber
 INTEGER data type
 It is used to store the user input for the day number when to make the booking (must be in
the range 1 to 14 inclusive).
3 Give three examples of test data for day number (day on which to make parking space booking).
Normal data: 1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 14
Abnormal data: 0, 15, three, $3.40
Borderline/Extreme data: 1, 14 (borderline and normal data);
0, 15 (borderline and abnormal data)
4 Describe the arrays you could have used in Task 1. Include the name, data type, use and sample data
for each array.
The two arrays used are:
- Array 1: ParkingBookingName
- Data type: STRING
- SIZE: 280
- Used to store customer names when booking a parking space

- Example: John Smith
- Array 2: ParkingBookingCarNumber
- Data type: STRING
- SIZE: 280
- Used to store car license number when booking a parking space
- Example: B1458
5 Show any validation check you have used in your solution
REPEAT
INPUT dayNumber
6 Explain how your program checks that there is a free space (general parking space) for the day
requested and identifies the slot number to be allocated.
Count  0
REPEAT
IF ParkingBookingName[startingArrayID + Count]  "Free" THEN
ELSE
Count = Count + 1
END IF
UNTIL Count = TotalAvailableParkingSpaces OR FreeLocationFound = TRUE
Count  19
REPEAT
IF ParkingBookingName[startingArrayID + Count] = "Free" THEN
ELSE
Count  Count - 1
END IF
END IF
7 Explain how your program for Task 3 calculates the statistics for the number of general parking spaces
used over the 14-day period.
Any programming statements used in your answer must be fully explained.
parkingCount  0
FOR dayNumber  1 TO 14

FOR i  5 TO 19
END IF
NEXT i
NEXT dayNumber
OUTPUT"Number of accessible spaces used on day ",dayNumber,": ",
parkingCount
8 Comment on the efficiency of your design.
The program has been made as efficient as possible with no block of code being uselessly repeated and
duplicated. A single array of 280 locations has been used to store customer names for the whole 14-day
period instead of 14 individual arrays. The program simply needs to move to the starting array location
depending on the day chose. The same technique has been used to store customer license numbers.
Additionally: you could be asked to write the pseudocode for Task 2 or Task 3 assuming that Task 1 or Task 2
have been completed.

Program Code
Microsoft Visual Basic Console Mode

TASK 1
Module Module1
Sub Main()
Dim dayNumber, startingArrayID As Integer
Dim i, Count, choice As Integer
Dim VisitorName, CarLicenseNumber As String
Dim FreeLocationFound As Boolean
Dim TotalAvailableParkingSlots As Integer
Dim ParkingBookingName(280) As String
Dim ParkingBookingCarNumber(280) As String
For i = 1 To 280
ParkingBookingName(i) = "Free"
ParkingBookingCarNumber(i) = "Free"
Next
Do
Console.Clear()
Console.WriteLine("Parking Space Booking System")
Console.WriteLine("1. Make Booking")
Console.WriteLine("2. Delete All Stored Data")
Console.WriteLine("3. Exit")
Console.WriteLine()
Console.WriteLine("Enter your choice number: ")
choice = Console.ReadLine
If choice = 1 Then
Do
Console.WriteLine("Enter day number [1 to 14]: ")
dayNumber = Console.ReadLine
Loop Until dayNumber >= 1 And dayNumber <= 14
Count = 0
FreeLocationFound = False
TotalAvailableParkingSlots = 20
Do
If ParkingBookingName(startingArrayID + Count) = "Free" Then
FreeLocationFound = True
Else
Count = Count + 1
End If
Loop Until Count = TotalAvailableParkingSlots Or FreeLocationFound = True
If FreeLocationFound = True Then
Console.WriteLine("Enter visitor name: ")
VisitorName = Console.ReadLine
Console.WriteLine("Enter car license number: ")
CarLicenseNumber = Console.ReadLine
ParkingBookingName(startingArrayID + Count) = VisitorName

ParkingBookingCarNumber(startingArrayID + Count) = CarLicenseNumber
Console.WriteLine(startingArrayID + Count)
Console.WriteLine("Parking space number booked: " , Count + 1)
CONSOLE.READLINE()
End If
Console.WriteLine("Sorry. No more free locations on selected day.")
CONSOLE.READLINE()
End If
ElseIf choice = 2 Then
For i = 1 To 280
Next
End If
Loop Until choice = 3
CONSOLE.READLINE()
End Sub
End Module

TASK 2
Module Module1
Sub Main()
Dim i, Count, choice As Integer
Dim parkingSlotNumber As Integer
Dim AccessibleSpaceNeeded As Char
Dim TotalAvailableParkingSpaces As Integer
For i = 1 To 280
Next
Do
Console.Clear()
Console.WriteLine()
If choice = 1 Then
Do
Console.WriteLine("Do you need an accesible parking space? [Y/N]")
AccessibleSpaceNeeded = Console.ReadLine
If AccessibleSpaceNeeded = "Y" Then
Count = 0
TotalAvailableParkingSpaces = 20
Do
Else
Count = Count + 1
End If
Loop Until Count = TotalAvailableParkingSpaces Or FreeLocationFound = True
ElseIf AccessibleSpaceNeeded = "N" Then
Count = 19
Do
Else

Count = Count - 1
End If
Loop Until Count = 4 Or FreeLocationFound = True
End If
Console.WriteLine("Parking space number booked: " & Count + 1)
CONSOLE.READLINE()
End If
CONSOLE.READLINE()
End If
For i = 1 To 280
Next
End If
CONSOLE.READLINE()
End Sub
End Module

TASK 3
Module Module1
Sub Main()
Dim i, Count, choice, statisticsChoice, parkingCount As Integer
Dim parkingSlotNumber As Integer
Dim AccessibleSpaceNeeded As Char
Dim TotalAvailableParkingSpaces As Integer
For i = 1 To 280
Next
Do
Console.Clear()
Console.WriteLine("3. Show Statistics")
Console.WriteLine()
If choice = 1 Then
Do
Console.WriteLine("Do you need an accesible parking space? [Y/N]")
AccessibleSpaceNeeded = Console.ReadLine
If AccessibleSpaceNeeded = "Y" Then
Count = 0
Do
Else
Count = Count + 1
End If
Loop Until Count = TotalAvailableParkingSpaces Or FreeLocationFound = True
ElseIf AccessibleSpaceNeeded = "N" Then
Count = 19
Do
Else

Count = Count - 1
End If
Loop Until Count = 4 Or FreeLocationFound = True
End If
Console.WriteLine("Parking space number booked: " & Count + 1)
CONSOLE.READLINE()
End If
CONSOLE.READLINE()
End If
For i = 1 To 280
Next
'show statistics
Console.Clear()
Console.WriteLine("1 - Number of accessible spaces used on a specific day")
Console.WriteLine("2 - Number of general spaces used on a specific day")
Console.WriteLine("3 - Total number of parking spaces used on a specific day")
Console.WriteLine("4 - Total number accessible spaces used on whole 14-day period")
Console.WriteLine("5 - Total number general spaces used on whole 14-day period")
Console.WriteLine("6 - Total number of parking spaces used on whole 14-day period")
Console.WriteLine("7 - Back to main menu")
Console.WriteLine()
statisticsChoice = Console.ReadLine
If statisticsChoice = 1 Then
Console.WriteLine("Enter day number [1-14]: ")
parkingCount = 0
For i = 0 To 4
If ParkingBookingName(startingArrayID + i) <> "Free" Then
End If
Next
Console.Clear()
Console.WriteLine("Number of accessible spaces used on day " & dayNumber & ": " &
parkingCount)
CONSOLE.READLINE()
End If

parkingCount = 0
For i = 5 To 19
End If
Next
Console.Clear()
parkingCount)
CONSOLE.READLINE()
End If
parkingCount = 0
For i = 0 To 19
End If
Next
Console.Clear()
parkingCount)
CONSOLE.READLINE()
End If
parkingCount = 0
For dayNumber = 1 To 14
For i = 0 To 4
End If
Next
Next
parkingCount)
CONSOLE.READLINE()
End If
parkingCount = 0

For i = 5 To 19
End If
Next
Next
parkingCount)
CONSOLE.READLINE()
End If
parkingCount = 0
For i = 0 To 19
End If
Next
Next
parkingCount)
Console.ReadLine()
End If
End If
CONSOLE.READLINE()
End Sub
End Module

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