This document discusses RFID technology. It begins by describing the basic components of an RFID system, which include RFID tags/inlays to store data, an antenna for communication, a reader/antenna system to interrogate tags, and application software. It then distinguishes between active, semi-passive, and passive tags based on their power source. Next, it reviews common RFID frequencies and their read ranges and applications. Current applications are also outlined across various industries. Finally, the benefits of RFID for manufacturing, retailing, transportation, and warehousing are presented.

1. Introdution
application
conclusion

2. 
A basic RFID system consists of these
components:
◦ A programmable RFID tag/inlay for storing item
data;
 Consisting of an RFID chip for data storage
 an antenna to facilitate communication with the RFID
chip


A reader/antenna system to interrogate the
RFID inlay
Application software and a host computer
system

3. Active Tags
• Use a battery
• communicate over
distances of several
meters
Semi-passive Tags
• Contain built-in
batteries to power
the chip’s circuitry,
resist interference
and circumvent a
lack of power from
the reader signal due
to long distance.
• They are different
from active tags in
that they only
transmit data at the
time a response is
received
Passive Tags
• Derive their power
from the field
generated by the
reader
• without having an
active transmitter to
transfer the
information stored

4. Frequency of RFID tags in different applications
Frequency
Low Frequency
(125kHz)
High Frequency
(13.56 Mhz)
Appx. Read
Range
<5cm
(passive)
10 cm – 1m
(passive)
Ultra High
Frequency (433,
868-928 Mhz)
3m -7m
Microwave (2.45
& 5.8 Ghz)
10m -15m
(passive)
Data Speed
Low
Low to
Moderate
Moderate to
High
High
Cost of
Tags
High
Mediu
m to
Low
Low
High
Application
•
Animal Identification
•
•
Access Control
Smart Cards
•
Payment (paywave)
•
Logistics and Supply
Chain
•
•
Baggage Tracking
Electronic toll
collection (Autotoll)
•
Container Tracking
(passive)
20m – 40m
(active)

5. Current Applications
Application
Segment
Representative
Applications
Competitive
Technologies
Current
Penetration
Typical Tag Type
Access Control
Doorway entry
High
Passive
Asset Tracking
Locating tractors
within a freight
yard
Tracking
corporate
computing
systems
Luxury goods
counterfeit
prevention
Positive bag
matching
Other keyless entry
technologies
None
Low
Active
Bar Code
Low
Passive
Holograms
Low
Passive
Bar Code, Optical
Character
Recognition
Credit Cards, Smart
Cards, Wireless
Phones
GPS-based Systems
Low
Passive
Medium
Passive
Low
Active
Bar Code
Minimal
Active, Passive
Bar Code
Minimal
Passive
Bar Code, License
plate, reader
systems
Other theft
prevention
technologies
Medium
Active, Passive
High
Passive
Asset Tagging
Authentication
Baggage Tracking
POS Applications
SpeedPass
SCM (Container
Level)
Vehicle
Identification
Tracking
containers in
shipping
terminals
Tracking
palletized
shipments
Identifying
individual items
Electronic toll
collection
Vehicle
Immobilizers
Automotive
ignition systems
SCM (Pallet Level)
SCM (Item Level)

6. Benefits of using RFID in different industries
Manufacturing
Retailing
4
Transportation
Warehousing
4
4
4
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
Enhanced customer
satisfaction
0
Improved efficiency
Increased inventory
turnover rate
0
0
Reduced manpower
Reduced total cost