pregnant women perception to avoid side effects of smoking draft

Running Head: PERCEPTIONS OF PREGNANT WOMEN TO AVOID SMOKING SIDE
EFFECTS OR USING E-CIGARATTES AS AN ALTERNATIVE 1
Pregnant Women Perception to Avoid Side Effects of Smoking by Quitting Smoking or Using
Electronic Cigarettes as an Alternative
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PERCEPTIONS OF PREGNANT WOMEN TO AVOID SMOKING SIDE EFFECTS OR
USING E-CIGARATTES AS AN ALTERNATIVE 2
Introduction
Smoking is well-known to have serious side effects to any user since he or she inhales all
the bad toxic chemicals from the smoke. Considering all the side effects that are caused by
cigarette smoking to an individual, it becomes very hard to imagine how they impact the life of a
developing infant in her mother’s womb who is a regular smoker. There are several side effects
of smoking while pregnant to the mother and the developing infant. Some of these side effects
that occur to pregnant women involve premature and low birth weight infants which later leads
to chronic respiratory symptoms, feeding complexities, neuro-cognitive deficits, as well as
retinopathy of prematurity. Also, smoking while pregnant leads to miscarriage, impeded fetal
lung and brain growth, altered placental attachment and operation, and pre-term birth. Moreover,
infants born to women who smoked all through their pregnancy period have augmented levels of
sudden infant death syndrome, behavioral disorders, and altered lung operation. These problems
and risk factors cause by the mother to the infant can be easily avoided by quitting smoking
during pregnancy period. Alternatively, some women switch to electronic cigarettes thinking that
they have no side effects to the infant just like the usual cigarettes. Electronic cigarettes contain
nicotine which affects the nervous system of the unborn baby.
Purpose statement
In this research paper, I will discuss about eight empirical studies conducted by different
authors on the perceptions of pregnant women to avoid the side effects of smoking by quitting
smoking or making use of alternative electronic cigarettes. In each empirical study, I will discuss
about the research design, sample, purpose, and the results achieved by the author(s). Lastly, I
will provide a summary of all the studies used in the research paper. Finally, I will provide the

nurses implications and interventions regarding the topic of discussion that educates pregnant
women that electronic cigarettes are still harmful and not worth trying.
PART ONE
McCubbin, A., Fallin-Bennett, A., Barnett, J., & Ashford, K. (2017). Perceptions and use of
electronic cigarettes in pregnancy. Health Education Research, 32(1), 22-
32.doi:10.1093/her/cyw059
Design
Sample
Purpose
Results
Fallin, A., Miller, A., Assef, S., & Ashford, K. (2016). Perceptions of Electronic Cigarettes
Among Medicaid-Eligible Pregnant and Postpartum Women. JOGNN: Journal Of
Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 45(3), 320-325.
doi:10.1016/j.jogn.2016.02.009
Design
Sample
Purpose
Results
Mark, K. S., Farquhar, B., Chisolm, M. S., Coleman-Cowger, V. H., &Terplan, M. (2015).
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice of Electronic Cigarette Use Among Pregnant
Women. Journal Of Addiction Medicine, 9(4), 266-272.

doi:10.1097/ADM.0000000000000128
Design
Sample
Purpose
Results
Wigginton, B., Gartner, C., & Rowlands, I. J. (2017). Is It Safe to Vape? Analyzing Online
Forums Discussing E-Cigarette Use during Pregnancy. Women's Health Issues, (1), 93.
doi:10.1016/j.whi.2016.09.008
Design
Sample
Purpose
Results
Torres, E., Quiñones de Monegro, Z., French, L., Swanson, D. P., Guido, J., & Ossip, D. J.
(2011). Tobacco use and exposure to secondhand smoke among pregnant women in the
Dominican Republic: an exploratory look into attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, and practices.
Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 13(12), 1220-1227. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntr193
Design
Sample
Purpose
Results
GoszczyAska, E., Knol-MichaAowska, K., & Petrykowska, A. (2016). How do pregnant women
justify smoking? A qualitative study with implications for nurses' and midwives' anti-

tobacco interventions. Journal Of Advanced Nursing, (7), 1567. doi:10.1111/jan.12949
Design
Sample
Purpose
Results
Polen, K. N., Sandhu, P. K., Honein, M. A., Green, K. K., Berkowitz, J. M., Pace, J., &
Rasmussen, S. A. (2015). Knowledge and attitudes of adults towards smoking in
pregnancy: results from the HealthStyles[c] 2008 survey. Maternal And Child Health
Journal, (1), 144. doi:10.1007/s10995-014-1505-0
Design
Sample
Purpose
Results
PART TWO
Summary of all these six empirical studies
PART THREE
Using these two articles, you will write about nurse implications and interventions about the
topic of discussion which educate pregnant women that electronic cigarettes are still harmful and
not worth trying.
Kahr, M. K., Padgett, S., Shope, C. D., Griffin, E. N., Xie, S. S., Gonzalez, P. J., & ... Suter, M.
A. (2015). A qualitative assessment of the perceived risks of electronic cigarette and

hookah use in pregnancy. BMC Public Health, 15(1), 1-8. doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2586-
4
Chamberlain, C., O’Mara-Eves, A., Oliver, S., Caird, J. R., Perlen, S. M., Eades, S. J., &
Thomas, J. (2013). Psychosocial interventions for supporting women to stop smoking in
pregnancy. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 10, CD001055.
http://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001055.pub4
CONCLUSION ABOUT THE RESEARCH PAPER

pregnant women perception to avoid side effects of smoking draft

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