World-Wide Analysis of Imprisonment. Criminal pedagogical Approach

B Ü N T E TÉ S
VÉGREHAJTÁS

Prof. Dr. PETER RUZSONYI
HUNGARIAN PRISON HUNGARIAN
ADMINISTRATION POLICE COLLEGE

WORLD-WIDE ANALYSIS OF IMPRISONMENT
- Criminal-pedagogical approach -

“Training-Learning-Teaching: behind the iron of prison”
First Meeting in Catalonia – Barcelona, Catalonia
2011

THE STRUCTURE OF THE LECTURES

I. General target-system of punishment (the formation of the aim of
punishment)

II. Different directions and models of penal policy used in world practice
(World-wide analysis of imprisonment)

III. Criminal-pedagogical interpretation of the human personality and
behavior

IV. Theoretical construction of the „new generation” prisons for juveniles

Criminal-pedagogy * Dr. Ruzsonyi '11

Is punishment necessary?

Why human beings do punish?


Incarceration wasn’t punishment. The only purpose of it was to keep the
arrested people together up to the judgement. They used “common system”
at that time.

The main purpose: restriction of the free-movement.

The character of the punishment: public (general) deterrence and
personal reprisal.


as a final solution: body-mutilation and/or execution.


The tread-wheel

Barge Haulers


Imprisonment became punishment when the freedom became
value. (1789, Paris: liberty/freedom – fraternity/ brotherhood –
equality)


General target-system of the punishment

Deterrence
Isolation Reprisal
General Individual

SOCIETY CRIMINAL
VICTIM RESOCIALISATION -
REINTEGRATION
Restorative
element

Punishment is not the only goal any more, but an important device!


The Netherlands Czech Rep. Poland Austria
Ireland Kosovo Norway Finland
Bulgaria Estonia Malta Germany (3)
Cyprus Switzerland Denmark Italy
Spain
A világ országai Hungary
Fo.Yugoslavia
Israel
Slovakia
Portugal
Canada (NS) Ireland
USA (5)
Japan
Hong Kong
Philippines
Indonesia
Brasilia

Australia (NSW)

Egypt
South Africa
35 countries
41 states
100 < institutions

CRIMINAL-POLICY CATEGORIES OF THE CORRECTIONS (DÜNKEL,
1990)

JUSTICE MODEL YOUTH-PROTECTION MODEL

TREATMENT ? STRATEGIES


1990)


EXECUTIVE FORMS OF DIFFERENT
TREATMENT STRATEGIES
(RUZSONYI, 2002)

REPRESSIVE TYPE OF NEO-TREATMENT
PUNITIVE INTERVENTIONAL TYPE
SANCTIONS OF IMPRISONMENT


REPRESSIVE TYPE OF PUNITIVE SANCTIONS

- The most characteristic feature of this type of punitive sanctions is BOOT
CAMPS -

» Hong Kong;
» New York, N.Y. - USA;
» Bryan, Tx. - USA


THE MAIN GOALS OF BOOT CAMPS
• Deterrence (special
and general) is a key-
issue;

• rehabilitation;
• reprisal;

• reduction of
overcrowding and
custodial
expenses.

CHARACTERISTICS OF BOOT CAMPS
I.
• The life is strict and
rigid;
• privileges are
rare;

• 90-180 days
concentrated
efforts
instead years to be
spent in prison .


II.

• The programme is
based on:

- exhausting
physical work;


II.

based on:

- exhausting
physical work;
- marching drill;


II.

based on:

- exhausting
physical work;
- marching drill;
- gymnastics.


III.

• The verbal
confrontation is an
often used method.


IV.

• During the whole
programme
maximum efforts are
expected.


V.

• The communication
among the inmates is
generally prohibited.


THE NEW GENERATION OF BOOT CAMPS
Intensive Confinement Centre Bryan, Texas


CHARACTERISTICS I.

» The REHABILITATION
is the main objective;

» the militarily type is
still in use;

» the participation is
VOLUNTARY.


CHARACTERISTICS II.
The program consists of a due process system of:

» discipline;

» a strict regimen of
physical conditioning;
» labour intensive work
assignments;

» education courses;

» vocational training;

» drug abuse counselling;

» life skills training and community service.

CHARACTERISTICS III.

Tasks of challenge-type

The motto of the
programme is:

„What cannot be
done alone, that
we shall manage
TOGETHER”


CHARACTERISTICS IV.

WARNING! THE TARGET-GROUPS OF THE PROCEDURES
DECLARED SUCCESSFUL CONCERN EXCLUSIVELY ADULTS,
AMONG JUVENILES NO POSITIVE EXPERIENCES OCCURED.


External Influences

Portugal
Ireland Yugoslavia
Austria Bulgaria Denmark Finland Germany (2) Hungary
Israel Italy Malta Norway Poland Slovakia

NEO-TREATMENT

» Denmark

» Finland
» Norway


NEO-TREATMENT
CHARACTERISTICS I.

» They should bear the
responsibility for what they
do;


NEO-TREATMENT
CHARACTERISTICS II.

» the young offenders have
special needs and
problems, which should
separately be dealt with;


NEO-TREATMENT
CHARACTERISTICS III.

» the society has to be
protected from criminality;


NEO-TREATMENT
CHARACTERISTICS IV.

» young offenders are
entitled to have the same
rights, as the citizens of the
society;


NEO-TREATMENT
CHARACTERISTICS V.

» permanent personal
interaction there is
between the offender and
the tutor;

NEO-TREATMENT
CHARACTERISTICS VI.

» the REHABILITATION is the main objective

and

the Cognitive Skills
Training Programme is the
method to reach it.


1990)


EXECUTIVE FORMS OF DIFFERENT
TREATMENT STRATEGIES
(RUZSONYI, 2002)

NEO-TREATMENT
INTERVENTIONAL TYPE
OF IMPRISONMENT


INTERVENTIONAL TYPE OF
IMPRISONMENT

Drill-focused Former
Prussian Mediterranean Rehabilitation
system communist
model model tendency
countries

- Great Britain
- Germany
- France
- Austria - Sweden
- Italy - The Netherlands
- Czech Republic - Malta
- Hungary - Portugal
- Bulgaria

CONSTRUCTIVE TENDENCY

IMPRISONMENT
CHARACTERISTICS I.

» The REHABILITATION
is the main objective;

» there is no REAL
partnership between
juveniles and prison
officers;
» some types of
COOPERATION are
possible (drug-free units).

IMPRISONMENT
SUBSTANTIAL IDENTITIES I.

» Their targets declared
are relatively
homogenous, the re-
socialization stands
in the foreground;
» the importance of the
openness, the
normalisation, the
responsibility is
accepted;
» the individualisation
and differentiation of theCriminal-pedagogy * Dr. Ruzsonyi '11 importance.
prisoners is of vital

IMPRISONMENT
SUBSTANTIAL IDENTITIES II.
» their concept of
jurisdiction is steadily
changing;
» the consumption of
drugs and its trading
within the prison is a
key-issue;

» the overcrowdedness
has become
permanent;
» the high percentage of foreign inmates is dominant;

IMPRISONMENT
SUBSTANTIAL IDENTITIES III.

» the relationship with
the living-environment
is satisfactory;

» the short-term leave is
often applied;

» it is obligatory for
everyone to work
respectively to study;

» the vocational training is of vital importance.

IMPRISONMENT
SUBSTANTIAL DIFFERENCES

» Personal and material conditions;

» the quality and quantity of the relations
that can be maintained with the outside
world;

» the quality and efficiency of the
after-care system.

SUMMARY
CONCEPTION OF REPRESSIVE INTERVENTIONAL NEO-
MANAGING SANCTIONS TYPE TREATMENT

CORRECTIONAL Reprisal, Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation
GOALS deterrence punishment
LENGTH OF Indefinite/ Definite Definite
TIME definite
POSITIVE Progressive system, Demand for Partnership
PEDAGOGICAL unambiguous rules, interference, cognitive
METHODS formation of habits, vocational training,
valuation, model training, „challenges”,
evaluation, needs, private
assistance sphere
NEGATIVE Humiliation, Lack of Double level
PROCESS- suppression of cooperation, system, lack of
HANDLING individuality, personality forming private objects
complete is pushed into the
standardization background

Questions – Answers

Thank you for your kind attention!

World-Wide Analysis of Imprisonment. Criminal pedagogical Approach

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