1. IMPERATIVES (+)=Affirmative
Instructions. (-)=Neggative
Use the simple form of the verb and the additional (A)=Action or verb
()=Complemento or Additional information
information to describe the action.
PLACE PREPOSITIONS
FORM:
English Usage Example
(+) (Action) + ()
(-) (don’t) + (A) + () in room, building, street, town, country in the kitchen, in London
book, paper etc. in the book
EX:
car, taxi in the car, in a taxi
Close the door picture, world in the picture, in the world
Open the book
at meaning next to, by an object at the door, at the station
Turn the TV on for table at the table
Get dressed for events at a concert, at the party
place where you are to do something typical (watch a film, at the cinema, at school, at work
study, work)
Commands with emphasys.
on attached the picture on the wall
ORDERS AND PROHIBITIONS for a place with a river London lies on the Thames.
Add DO in affirmatives or DO NOT in negative forms. being on a surface on the table
for a certain side (left, right) on the left
FORM: for a floor in a house on the first floor
for public transport on the bus, on a plane
(+) DO (Action) + () for television, radio on TV, on the radio
(-) DO NOT (don’t) + (A) + ()
by, next left or right of somebody or something Jane is standing by / next to /
EX:
to, beside the car.
Do call me. beside
Do not step on the grass.
under on the ground, lower than (or covered by) something else the bag is under the table
Do not say bad words
below lower than something else but above ground the fish are below the surface
over covered by something else put a jacket over your shirt
Invitations meaning more than over 16 years of age
Add LET’S in affirmatives or LET’S NOT in negative getting to the other side (also across) walk over the bridge
forms. overcoming an obstacle climb over the wall
REMEMBER: let’s express you do the action with me. above higher than something else, but not directly over it a path above the lake
across getting to the other side (also over) walk across the bridge
FORM: getting to the other side swim across the lake
(+) let’s (Action) + ()
through something with limits on top, bottom and the sides drive through the tunnel
(-) let’s (not) + (A) + ()
EX: to movement to person or building go to the cinema
movement to a place or country go to London / Ireland
Let’s dance. for bed go to bed
Let’s not go there.
into enter a room / a building go into the kitchen / the house
Let’s play together.
Let’s go. towards movement in the direction of something (but not directly go 5 steps towards the house
to it)
Formal invitations not I included. onto movement to the top of something jump onto the table
from in the sense of where from a flower from the garden
WOULD YOU… (A) + ()?
WOULD YOU LIKE TO + (A) + ()? HOME CHORES Class Commands.
EX: Make your bed (tienda la cama) Come in (entre)
Would you drink some coffee? Wash the dishes (lave los platos) Come on (venga)
Would you like to eat dinner? Wipe the windows (limpie las ventanas) Sit down (sientese)
Dust the room (sacuda la pieza) Stand up (párese)
Asking for favours or request. Sweep the floor (barra el piso) Step in front (párese al frente)
Mop the bathroom (trapee el baño) Explain why (explique porqué)
Start the sentence with. Wipe the table (seque la mesa) Support your answer (argumente su respuesta)
Can you…(informal) ? Cut the grass (pode el cesped) Get inside (entrese)
May you… (formal) ? Set the dishes up (organize los platos) Read the lecture (lea la lectura)
Could you… (prudent) ? Put the toys away (organize los juguetes) Write the answers (escriba las respuestas)
Turn off the lights (apague las luces) Draw an example (dibuje el ejemplo)
EX: Pick that up (recoja eso) Put that away (guarde eso)
Can you close that window.? Hang your clothes (cuelgue su ropa) Turn in the papers (entreguen los papeles)
May you tell me where is the Tell me (digame)
restroom? Be quiet (haga silencio)
Could you show me? Pay attention (preste atención)
Juan Fernando Blandón Guerra.