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Les TCDE són tècniques invasives que poden presentar
complicacions en diferents punts del procés de
connexió amb la màquina i del tractament.

 •Accés vascular
 •Anticoagulació
 •Balanç hídric
 •Diselectrolitèmia i pèrdua de nutrients
 •Control tèrmic
 •Trencament del filtre
 •Entrada d’aire al circuit
 •Eficàcia de fàrmacs
 •Infeccions
L’accés venós és l’habitual


         Catèter de doble llum:
             •Gruix 13 F
             •Longitud 150-200 mm
Accés venós 1’6% de complicacions vasculars
Accés arterial 3’1% de complicacions vasculars
     (19% de les complicacions necessiten cirurgia)




                               •Hematoma a zona de punció

                               •Hemorràgia per desconnexió

                               •Fístula arteriovenosa

                               •Aneurismes i pseudoaneurismes

                               •Embòlies arterials

                               •Arítmies (jugulars)

                               •Trombosis
Alarma:
    Pressió d’entrada massa negativa i/o
    Pressió de retorn massa positiva



Dificultat per extraure/retornar la sang pel catèter



          •Catèter obstruït

          •Catèter doblegat

          •Catèter fora del vas
Necessitem descoagular el sistema sense descoagular el pacient

  Anticoagulant            Risc
  Heparina sòdica          Plaquetopènia
  HBPM                     No monitorització std
  Citrat                   hipocalcèmia
  Prostaglandines          Hipotensió
  Mesilat nafamostat       Disminueix eficàcia del filtre
  Hirudina                 Semivida 7h / no antídot




                                   Coagulació
           Sagnat                   sistema
Màquines actuals pocs errors (desequilibrat balances)
Calcular balanç per ajustar altres aports/pèrdues del pacient


      Balanç horari        Extracció 24h
       -100 cc/h            -2400 cc/d
       -150 cc/h            -3600 cc/d
       -200 cc/h            -4800 cc/d
Pes               70 Kg
Dosis             35 ml/kg/h
Balanç            -100 ml/h
Reposició         2350 ml/h
Total Reposició   56400 ml/d
Quocient ultrafiltrat / plasma

 Na             0.99
 K              0.99
 Ca             0.64
 P              1.04
 Mg             0.9
 BUN            1.05
 Creat          1.02
 Cl             1.05
 Glu            1.04
 CO2            1.12                   Líquid de reposició
 Alb            0.01
 Prot totales   0.02             Na             140 mEq/l
                                 Cl             117 mEq/l
                                 K              < 2 mEq/l
                                 Ca             3.5 mEq/l
                                 Mg             1.5 mEq/l
                                 HCO3           30 mEq/l
                                 Glu            100 mg/dl
                                 P              1 mmol/l
Quocient AA líquid ultrafiltrat / plasma

 1


0.9


0.8


0.7


0.6


0.5


0.4


0.3


0.2


0.1


 0
      Asp   Glu   Asn   Ser   Gla   Gly   Thr   Arg   Ala   Tyr   Met   Val   Trp   Phe   Ile   Leu   Orn   Lys   Tau Mitja
S * Quf
 ClEC=
         temps


Cl=ClR + ClNR + ClEC
< 36ºC

Sang en circuit extracorpori
Exposada a temperatura ambient.

Injecció de líquid de reposició a
temperatura ambient.




> 41ºC
Utilització d’escalfador: perill hemòlisis
Alarma de sang a l’ultrafiltrat


Avisa del trencament de la membrana semipermeable
amb el pas de sang a l’ultrafiltrat
L’entrada d’aire al sistema vascular del pacient pot ser
extremadament greu
                             Dispositius de seguretat
                             •“Atrapa-bombolles”
                             •Detector d’aire a línia de retorn
                             •Clamp a la línia de retorn
Poc freqüent
En relació a temps i manipulació del catèter
http://jordimorillas.blogspot.com
Twitter: @Jordi_Morillas

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Complicacions de les tècniques de depuració extrarrenal(2013)

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4. Les TCDE són tècniques invasives que poden presentar complicacions en diferents punts del procés de connexió amb la màquina i del tractament. •Accés vascular •Anticoagulació •Balanç hídric •Diselectrolitèmia i pèrdua de nutrients •Control tèrmic •Trencament del filtre •Entrada d’aire al circuit •Eficàcia de fàrmacs •Infeccions
  • 5.
  • 6. L’accés venós és l’habitual Catèter de doble llum: •Gruix 13 F •Longitud 150-200 mm
  • 7. Accés venós 1’6% de complicacions vasculars Accés arterial 3’1% de complicacions vasculars (19% de les complicacions necessiten cirurgia) •Hematoma a zona de punció •Hemorràgia per desconnexió •Fístula arteriovenosa •Aneurismes i pseudoaneurismes •Embòlies arterials •Arítmies (jugulars) •Trombosis
  • 8. Alarma: Pressió d’entrada massa negativa i/o Pressió de retorn massa positiva Dificultat per extraure/retornar la sang pel catèter •Catèter obstruït •Catèter doblegat •Catèter fora del vas
  • 9. Necessitem descoagular el sistema sense descoagular el pacient Anticoagulant Risc Heparina sòdica Plaquetopènia HBPM No monitorització std Citrat hipocalcèmia Prostaglandines Hipotensió Mesilat nafamostat Disminueix eficàcia del filtre Hirudina Semivida 7h / no antídot Coagulació Sagnat sistema
  • 10. Màquines actuals pocs errors (desequilibrat balances) Calcular balanç per ajustar altres aports/pèrdues del pacient Balanç horari Extracció 24h -100 cc/h -2400 cc/d -150 cc/h -3600 cc/d -200 cc/h -4800 cc/d
  • 11.
  • 12. Pes 70 Kg Dosis 35 ml/kg/h Balanç -100 ml/h Reposició 2350 ml/h Total Reposició 56400 ml/d
  • 13. Quocient ultrafiltrat / plasma Na 0.99 K 0.99 Ca 0.64 P 1.04 Mg 0.9 BUN 1.05 Creat 1.02 Cl 1.05 Glu 1.04 CO2 1.12 Líquid de reposició Alb 0.01 Prot totales 0.02 Na 140 mEq/l Cl 117 mEq/l K < 2 mEq/l Ca 3.5 mEq/l Mg 1.5 mEq/l HCO3 30 mEq/l Glu 100 mg/dl P 1 mmol/l
  • 14.
  • 15. Quocient AA líquid ultrafiltrat / plasma 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 Asp Glu Asn Ser Gla Gly Thr Arg Ala Tyr Met Val Trp Phe Ile Leu Orn Lys Tau Mitja
  • 16. S * Quf ClEC= temps Cl=ClR + ClNR + ClEC
  • 17.
  • 18. < 36ºC Sang en circuit extracorpori Exposada a temperatura ambient. Injecció de líquid de reposició a temperatura ambient. > 41ºC Utilització d’escalfador: perill hemòlisis
  • 19. Alarma de sang a l’ultrafiltrat Avisa del trencament de la membrana semipermeable amb el pas de sang a l’ultrafiltrat
  • 20. L’entrada d’aire al sistema vascular del pacient pot ser extremadament greu Dispositius de seguretat •“Atrapa-bombolles” •Detector d’aire a línia de retorn •Clamp a la línia de retorn
  • 21. Poc freqüent En relació a temps i manipulació del catèter
  • 22.
  • 23.