4. • Duration of Diabetes
• Best predictors
• Incidence of maculopathy common type 2
• 30-10-50
• 30-30-90
• After 20 years-99% type1 & 66% type2 PDR
more common in type 2
5.
6.
7. • Poor glycemic control
• Diabetic control & complication trial
• UK prospective diabetic study
• Hba1c = 6.5-7%(Proliferative)
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31. • Retinal hemorrhage
• Flame shaped nerve fiber layer least
resistance
• DOT&BLOAT – Deeper layer of retina circuler
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38. • Cotton wool spot
• Accumulation of intracellular fluid & organelle
as a result of local ischemia.
• As a result of disturbed axoplasmic flow in
nerve fibre layer-dilation-cystiod bodies.
• Depression sign
90. Mechanism of action
• Improve oxygenation ->
Ischemia of inner retinal layer ->
Destroying some of the metabolically active
photoreceptor cells ->
Allowing oxygen to continue into inner layer of
retina relieving hypoxia