Windows 7 client performance talk - Jeff Stokes
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This document provides an overview of tools for troubleshooting Windows 7 client performance issues. It discusses Task Manager and Resource Monitor for monitoring system performance and processes. It also covers the Windows Performance Toolkit (Xperf) for tracing applications and the boot process. Other tools covered include the Windows Recovery Environment, Problem Steps Recorder, and Msconfig for troubleshooting startup issues.
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Windows 7 client performance talk - Jeff Stokes
- 1. Windows 7: Client Performance Jeff Stokes, Premier Field Engineer FY12
- 2. 2 Microsoft Confidential Jeff Stokes is a Premier Field Engineer (4 years) with Microsoft (5 years). 19 years industry experience. Blogs at http://blogs.technet.com/b/jeff_stokes/ LinkedIn @ http://www.linkedin.com/in/jeffstokes About the Presenter
- 3. Table of Contents Client Performance, why it matters Tools Task Manager – Resource Monitor Perfmon Data Collector Sets Event Logs and Reliability Monitor Sysinternals Tools Windows Performance Toolkit Network Stack Tracing Troubleshooting
- 4. 4 Microsoft Confidential Client Performance – Why it matters
- 5. Troubleshooting Tips and Tricks and Tools
- 6. Task Manager and Resource Monitor Everything you need to know quickly gauge System Performance
- 7. 7 Microsoft Confidential Task Manager and Resource Monitor What are we looking at? • Running Applications • Running Processes • System Performance • Network Performance • User Session Status • Service States
- 8. 8 Microsoft Confidential Task Manager and Resource Monitor Applications - New Option! Create Dump File Creates a dump file at: C:Users%username%AppDataLocalTemp Semi-disruptive dump creation Leaves process intact
- 9. 9 Microsoft Confidential Task Manager and Resource Monitor Processes - New Options! Open File Location (where was this run from) Debug (for Visual Studio JIT debugging) UAC Virtualization (for app compat) Create Dump File Creates a dump file at: C:Users%username%AppDataLocalTemp Semi-disruptive dump creation Leaves process intact
- 10. 10 Microsoft Confidential Task Manager and Resource Monitor Processes - New Column Options! Memory – Working Set Memory – Peak Working Set Handles Threads
- 11. 11 Microsoft Confidential Task Manager and Resource Monitor Performance Tab, a look back at the past “PF Usage”… NOTHING to do With the page file NOR Paging Rate Commit Charge (K) What does this mean?
- 12. 12 Microsoft Confidential Task Manager and Resource Monitor Performance Tab, a look at the now Memory Answers the immortal - “How much memory am I using?”
- 13. 13 Microsoft Confidential Task Manager and Resource Monitor Networking Utilization by interface graph Easy to view enumeration
- 14. 14 Microsoft Confidential Task Manager and Resource Monitor Users Answers the questions: Who is logged in? Where are they logged in from? Lets us disconnect (or logoff) their sessions.
- 15. 15 Microsoft Confidential Task Manager and Resource Monitor Resource Monitor – Where? Accessible via the Task Manager Performance Tab And then clicking the “Resource Monitor” button Or Start “Resource Monitor” and enter
- 16. 16 Microsoft Confidential Task Manager and Resource Monitor Resource Monitor – Overview “System Dashboard” Deep data available on each tab following Overview
- 17. 17 Microsoft Confidential Task Manager and Resource Monitor Resource Monitor – CPU CPU Usage Total CPU Frequency CPU by Process What Handles? What Modules?
- 18. 18 Microsoft Confidential Task Manager and Resource Monitor Resource Monitor – Memory “My system is slow, I need more MEMORY!” How much each system is consuming in RAM, What does our Physical Memory Map look like?
- 19. 19 Microsoft Confidential Task Manager and Resource Monitor Resource Monitor – Disk Disk Usage, By Process. Answers the question “What does my process experience with regards to disk performance?”
- 20. 20 Microsoft Confidential Task Manager and Resource Monitor Resource Monitor – Network Network Usage By Process! What does the process experience in Latency? Does the Firewall Interfere OR Filter the traffic of my process?
- 21. Perfmon Data Collector Sets System Reporting Built-In!
- 22. 22 Microsoft Confidential Performance Monitor – System Data Collector Sets How do we get to them?
- 23. 23 Microsoft Confidential Performance Monitor – System Data Collector Sets What do they do? The System Diagnostics Data Collector Set is an excellent triage method to find out what the Operating System thinks is wrong with the System. It is comprised of an ETL trace of NT Kernel, many registry key and WMI queries, and a Performance Monitor collection. The data collector runs for 60 seconds and then generates a report in the reports section. To start one, right click and select “Run”
- 24. 24 Microsoft Confidential Performance Monitor – System Data Collector Sets What do they report? They analyze the system for issues. CPU Load, Memory, Disk, Network. Is the Hard Drive failing SMART? What version of BIOS? Failed Drivers?
- 25. Event Logs and Reliability Monitor History and Patterns
- 26. 26 Microsoft Confidential Event Logs and Reliability Monitor What’s new? What’s new in 7 for Event Logs? A lot. We now log the 100 series of events. In these events, we clock boot time. And 200 series events clock shut down time.
- 27. 27 Microsoft Confidential Event Logs and Reliability Monitor What’s new? Group Policy now has an Operational Event Log. Each GPO processed logs an Event. No more guessing on cost of Group Policy Processing!
- 28. 28 Microsoft Confidential Event Logs and Reliability Monitor What’s new? • Stricter Guidelines for Event Log information • More meaningful to you • Log Files now use the Event Viewer • Previously, many log files in many formats • XML Format • Customizable Views • Easier to organize • Advanced Filtering • Get to the relevant data more quickly • No More Log Size Restrictions • Limited only by disk space • Admins can now subscribe to events on remote systems
- 29. 29 Microsoft Confidential Event Logs and Reliability Monitor What’s new? Scope Pane Action Pane View Pane
- 30. Sysinternals Tools What to use when
- 31. 31 Microsoft Confidential Sysinternals Tools What to use when
- 32. 32 Microsoft Confidential Sysinternals Tools What to use when
- 33. 33 Microsoft Confidential Sysinternals Tools What to use when
- 34. 34 Microsoft Confidential Sysinternals Tools What to use when
- 35. 35 Microsoft Confidential Sysinternals Tools What to use when
- 36. Windows Performance Toolkit Xperf and its uses
- 37. 37 Microsoft Confidential Windows Performance Toolkit Xperf Xperf is a general reference to the collection of tools that make up the Windows Performance Analysis toolset (WPA). These tools are disturbed publicly as part of the Windows Performance Toolkit (WPT). The 3 main components of the “Xperf kit” are: XPERF.EXE Command line tracing tool XPERFVIEW.EXE Visual trace analysis tool XBOOTMGR.EXE Boot trace capture tool We’ll take each tool for a test drive in a moment, but let’s explore the past and what’s under the hood.
- 38. 38 Microsoft Confidential Windows Performance Toolkit Xperf By leveraging the power of the ETW model, we can capture metrics previously unavailable outside of a debugger/instrumented code environment. With this level of granularity, we can capture metrics like…. • All processes and threads in user mode and kernel mode • Deferred procedure calls (DPCs) and interrupt service requests (ISRs) • Scheduling • Disk and file I/O • Memory • Network It also helps analyze what the customer experiences: • Catch the problem as it happens • Capture anywhere, decode anywhere • Integration with symbols
- 39. 39 Microsoft Confidential Windows Performance Toolkit Xperf So what does that all mean? Well… it means we can use a single tool to tackle many of the most common problems for customers: • Troubleshooting application behavior – High CPU, Handles, Etc. • Gathers both usermode and kernel events at the same time • Benchmark disk performance (or lack there of) • Get a deep view into the entire boot/shutdown lifecycle XPERF is incredibly powerful and can be leveraged for a wide range of issues customers and engineers face daily.
- 40. 42 Microsoft Confidential Windows Performance Toolkit BootVis (Xperf Predecessor)
- 41. 43 Microsoft Confidential Windows Performance Toolkit Xperf
- 42. 44 Microsoft Confidential Windows Performance Toolkit Xperf
- 43. 45 Microsoft Confidential Windows Performance Toolkit Xperf
- 44. 46 Microsoft Confidential Windows Performance Toolkit Xperf Prefetch is functional But ReadyBoot is not
- 45. 47 Microsoft Confidential Windows Performance Toolkit Xperf Are we fragmented? A bit, the map above is a view of the disk head ‘hits’ over time Red lines are the disk flushes
- 46. 48 Microsoft Confidential Windows Performance Toolkit Xperf – Internet Explorer
- 47. 49 Microsoft Confidential Windows Performance Toolkit Xperf - Demos jDemo 1. Slower than expected logon for an engineering workstation. Demo 2. Slower than expected boot times. Demo 3. Slower than expected boot and logon times. Demo 4. Slow boot on an SSD. Demo 5. Slow boot and logon and post logon.
- 49. 51 Microsoft Confidential Network Stack Tracing Netsh
- 50. 52 Microsoft Confidential Network Stack Tracing Netsh
- 52. Troubleshooting Tools, Tips and Tricks new to 7
- 53. 55 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Action Center • The Action Center combines alerts from these Windows 7 features: • Windows Update • User Account Control (UAC) • Security Center • Backup and Restore • Problem Reports and Solutions • Windows Defender • Diagnostics • Network Access Protection (NAP) • Recovery
- 54. 56 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Action Center - Alerts • May not appear • May appear with just white flag • Red X means important issues
- 55. 57 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Action Center - Settings
- 57. 59 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Security • The Security section of the Action Center Contains: • Various configuration tasks for: • Common tasks • Most Important security configuration settings of the Windows 7 installation
- 58. 60 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Maintenance • Action items and message for: • Unreported Items • Backup • Windows Updates • Troubleshooting and System Maintenance
- 59. 61 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Windows Troubleshooting Platform • Reduce number of support calls • Reduce MPI (minutes per incident) • Make support calls more efficient • Increase customer satisfaction • Use well-known methods • Address configuration issues • Fix problems when we are certain • Collect data when we are not
- 61. 63 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Platform Components • Windows Troubleshooting Packs • Windows Troubleshooting Engine • Windows Troubleshooting Wizard • Many built into everyday processes: (Examples: flush cache, reset NIC, renew IP)
- 62. 64 Microsoft Confidential • Troubleshooting • Resolution • Verification Troubleshooting Process
- 63. 65 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Built-in Troubleshooting Packs • Desktop Experience • Device • Media Player • Network • Performance • Power *Based on top support call categories • Printing • Programs • Sound • System • Web Browser • Windows
- 64. 66 Microsoft Confidential Click Start and type Trouble in the Search Box: Troubleshooting Built-in Troubleshooting Packs Click View All:
- 65. 67 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting List of Troubleshooters
- 66. 68 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Open a Troubleshooter
- 67. 69 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Problem Steps Recorder, Why? Challenges • Reproducing problems • Inability to diagnose problems and root causes Solution • Users can record steps taken when an issue occurs, giving help desk screen shots and comments • Enables Help Desks to easily and more efficiently diagnose problems
- 68. 70 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting PSR, Have your user click start and type “problem steps” Or Just “PSR” Only 3 functions for simplicity
- 69. 71 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Problem Steps Recorder • Takes a screenshot each time a mouse is clicked • Or when a new function happens inside an application • Mouse clicks generate a small red spot over the pointer • Optionally users can add comments after each step: • When finished a zip file is created – user can send this to the helpdesk
- 72. 74 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Problem Steps Recorder - Additional Details Pane
- 73. 75 Microsoft Confidential • Based on Windows PE • Command line tool useful in troubleshooting • Installed automatically by Windows 7 • Launched directly from Hard Drive or Windows 7 Setup Disc • Benefits include: • Reduced support through auto repair of common root causes • Automatically launches if Windows fails to boot – This may be a call you would get • Startup Repair Tool: Automatically corrects common unbootable Windows scenarios Troubleshooting Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE)
- 74. 76 Microsoft Confidential System Recovery Options provide access to the following tools: Startup Repair System Restore System Image Recovery Windows Memory Diagnostics Command Prompt Troubleshooting Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE)
- 75. 77 Microsoft Confidential Accessing from install media Troubleshooting Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE)
- 76. 78 Microsoft Confidential Accessing from F8 Troubleshooting Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE)
- 78. 80 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Startup Repair attempts to repair • Registry corruption • Missing or damaged system and driver files • Disk metadata corruption (MBR, partition table, and boot sector) • File system metadata corruption • Installation of problematic or incompatible drivers • Installation of incompatible Windows service packs and patches • Corrupt boot configuration data • Bad memory and hard disk hardware (detection only)
- 79. 81 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Startup Repair attempts to repair • Malfunctioning firmware and other hardware components • Problems with clean Windows installations or Windows upgrades (for example, from Windows XP to Windows Vista) • Windows logon errors • Viruses and malicious software • LOGS: %WINDIR%System32LogFilesSrtSrtTrail.txt
- 80. 82 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting System Restore • Return Windows to an earlier configuration. • Windows 7 automatically captures system states prior to new drivers or applications are installed • Startup Repair will also use this tool automatically so it may not be necessary to ever click this link • Great for malware infections: • Removes startup calls – not the EXE’s directly
- 81. 83 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Tools (in WinRE) you’re less likely to use • System Image Recovery would be valid if you weren’t using a standardized image • Windows Memory Diagnostic: usually the hardware vendor has their own tools • Command Prompt: This may be helpful from time to time – it just gives you access to the system from a CLI
- 82. 84 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Msconfig (System Configuration) • Start -> msconfig (in search)
- 83. 85 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Msconfig (System Configuration) • Change the next boot-up options • Great if the user is having trouble with the F8 key
- 84. 86 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Msconfig (System Configuration) • Disable all non-Microsoft services • Good troubleshooting tool to baseline, then re-enable 1 at a time
- 85. 87 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Msconfig (System Configuration) • Disable all startup items • These are non-service automatic start-up programs
- 86. 88 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Msconfig (System Configuration) • Great one-stop-shop for many helpful tools
- 87. 89 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Run-As is Back! • Hold down the shift key • Then right-click a program icon • Select Run as different user • Notice I use msconfig in the example: • Any programs launched within the program will be under these credentials • All msconfig tools would automatically be elevated • Works great with CMD also
- 88. 90 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Boot.ini is gone • Still managed from startup and recovery • Replaced with BCD (Boot Configuration Database) • Supports EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface) and Legacy BIOS *This does not mean NTLDR & MBR are retired, still can be used on PC/AT BIOS. Adds Bootmgr, Winload, & Winresume – beyond the scope of this class http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/hardware/gg463059.aspx
- 89. 91 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Msinfo32 – System Information
- 90. 92 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Whoami – hostname – set us • Quickly identify who/what you are working with
- 91. 93 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting How many clicks does it take… to get to the NICs? 1. 2. 3. OR: Just type NCPA.CPL (Network Control Panel Applet)
- 92. 94 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Accessing your users’ desktops • Communicator/LiveMeeting | Windows Remote Assistance
- 93. 95 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Accessing your users’ desktops
- 94. 96 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Windows Remote Assistance
- 95. 97 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Windows Remote Assistance Helpdesk End User
- 96. 98 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Windows Remote Assistance Helpdesk End User
- 97. 99 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Windows Remote Assistance
- 98. 100 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Broken Internet Explorer Accessible even if IE is not
- 101. 103 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Network - PathPing • Troubleshoot routing issues (similar to tracert)
- 102. 104 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Network - PathPing • Does individual analysis of each “hop” in the route
- 104. 106 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Driver Problems When using Device Driver Roll Back, be aware of the following limitations: • You cannot roll back beyond one driver version. For example, you cannot revert to the second-to-the-last version of a driver. • You cannot roll back printer drivers. • You cannot roll back drivers for all functions of a multifunction device simultaneously. You must roll back each driver separately. For example, if you have a multifunction device that provides audio and modem functionality, you must roll back the modem driver and the audio driver separately. • You cannot uninstall a driver by using Device Driver Roll Back. (You must use the Uninstall feature in Device Manager to do this.)
- 105. 107 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting System File Checker • SFC /scannow • Useful if you are able to log into the computer • Boot into Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE) • Select command prompt • Type the following command: • sfc /scannow /offbootdir=c: /offwindir=c:windows • (assumes C is the drive where Windows files are located) • Performs an offline SFC operation
- 107. 109 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting Last Known Good • Troubleshooting which policy a user is/is not being affected by – available by typing RSOP from an elevated CMD
- 108. 110 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting RSOP • Lists “final outcome” of all policies (remember LSD-OU)
- 109. 111 Microsoft Confidential Troubleshooting System Control (SC) • Helpful if you can’t get to the services.msc (malware, etc) • Usage (query, start, stop, pause, or end services) • Examples: • sc query | more • Lists services, halts per page, ctrl+c to stop when you find the service you’re looking for • sc stop audiosrv • Stops the “Windows Audio” service • sc start audiosrv • Starts the “Windows Audio” service
- 110. 112 Microsoft Confidential Windows checks to see if the name is cached (TTL) Use “ipconfig /flushdns” to flush out existing cache Windows checks the hosts file for entries Windows checks with the DNS server for entries Windows tries NetBIOS name resolution The target computer may not have registered their IP in DNS, may need to use “ipconfig /registerdns” Troubleshooting Name Resolution
Editor's Notes
- I’m a guy
- Here is what I will be reviewing in this presentation.
- The Windows Client for end users IS the entire environment. The end user does not typically perceive bandwidth limitations, slow performance of a server, third party add-ins or tools, or problems in the image itself. Every performance issue in the environment therefore comes down to a client performance (or build) critique. Because of this end user experience focus (and the consumerization of IT) the client system tends to become the focus of vast and complex troubleshooting efforts. In some environments, the adoption of new technology is completely halted due to perceived performance issues experienced by key end users. New technology brings with it expectations of performance gains, ease of use, etc. Upgrading the client and leaving old technology in the back end can bring forward performance problems from the old build to the new. Giving the end user the impression that nothing has changed with their new shiny machine.
- Debug - http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms455354.aspx UAC Virtualization - http://blogs.msdn.com/b/uac/archive/2006/02/22/537129.aspx
- Memory – Working Set: Working Set is the current size, in bytes, of the Working Set of this process. The Working Set is the set of memory pages touched recently by the threads in the process. If free memory in the computer is above a threshold, pages are left in the Working Set of a process even if they are not in use. When free memory falls below a threshold, pages are trimmed from Working Sets. If they are needed they will then be soft-faulted back into the Working Set before leaving main memory. Memory – Peak Working Set: Working Set Peak is the maximum size, in bytes, of the Working Set of this process at any point in time. The Working Set is the set of memory pages touched recently by the threads in the process. If free memory in the computer is above a threshold, pages are left in the Working Set of a process even if they are not in use. When free memory falls below a threshold, pages are trimmed from Working Sets. If they are needed they will then be soft-faulted back into the Working Set before they leave main memory. Handles: The total number of handles currently open by this process. This number is equal to the sum of the handles currently open by each thread in this process. Threads: The number of threads currently active in this process. An instruction is the basic unit of execution in a processor, and a thread is the object that executes instructions. Every running process has at least one thread.
- This system has 20179 MB in “Standby Memory”. Adding additional RAM to the system will not provide a most positive performance experience at this time…