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Jpgrund technology & drugs, breda, 06-02-2015
1. Technology & Drugs: The End
of Drug Policy as We Know It?
Jean-Paul Grund, PhD
Department of Addictology,
Charles University, Prague
CVO – Addiction Research
Centre, Utrecht
2. • The future of the past…
• Innovations in drug chemistry - NPS
• The Driver: the Internet
• The (recent) future of drugs
• Consequences of Rapid Technological
Change
• Discussion & conclusions
Presentation Outline
17. What happens under the Surface
1874 1980 1989 1990 1999 2002 2003 2008 2011 2014
Tor network
BitcoinPIHKAL
Silkroad
Krokodil RU, UK
Cheornaya
Vint, Jeff
Heroin
Krokodil GA
Krokodil Panic US
20. Taking the Drug War Online?
Silk road shut down by DEA, 10-2013; Operation Onymous, 11-2014
21. Silk Road, a glimpse of the future of drug
markets?
21
A glimpse of the future
of drug markets?
Silk Road 2
Evolution
Pandora
Blue Sky
Cloud Nine
Hydra
Andromeda
Agora
January 2015: 23 Darknet drug trading Markets
27. 2/10/18 strana 27strana 27
The Future:
Molecular 3D
printing –
Homemade
Meets NPS?
Prof. Lee Cronin: “In 5-10
years we will be ordering
our medications online.
Prescription software,
personalized to our
genetic make up, will be
streamed to our 3D printer
at home.”
30. The Consequences of
Rapid Technological Change
for (Local) Stakeholders in
Drug Use, Policy & Services
31. ”There are known knowns; there are things
we know we know. We also know there are
known unknowns; that is to say we know
there are some things we do not know. But
there are also unknown unknowns -- the
ones we don't know we don't know.”
Donald Rumsfeld
Drug
• Unknown drugs
• Unknown Potency – some extremely potent
(µg) – Overdose!
Set
• … … “Legal Highs” & the Unprepared
Setting
• BBVs?
• “Dealer, who are you?” (Mailman as Mula)
• Absence of regulation
New Harms: What do we know?
33. Diffusion of drug trends:
Heroin in the Netherlands 1972~
2/10/18strana 33
Cultural Capital
Major Port City
34. Diffusion of drug trends 2.0
Habitual GHB Use
2/10/18
strana 34
New drug trends may
emerge rapidly in any
municipality – large or
small; urban or rural.
New drug trends will
be less predictable
and less uniform.
35. An atomized drug scene or an Informed
and Empowered Drug Using Community?
An atomized drug scene
A disconnect between drug use 2.0, on the one
hand, and prevention and harm reduction services
The end of drug services as we know it?
A growing gap between “official” harm reduction
and spontaneous, peer driven harm redux
P2P HR went online
User forums, blogs
• bluelight.ru; erowid.com; daath.hu, drugs-forum.com;
legalhighsforum.com, etc.
40. (1) uncovering the substance facts,
(2) dosage and administration,
(3) subjectively experienced effects,
(4) support and safety
“The main characteristics
of the discussions
in general were a concern
for safety and harm reduction.”