Akhtar Hameed Khan started the Orangi Pilot Project in Pakistan to provide sanitation, health, housing and micro-finance facilities through community participation. He faced challenges with funding and criticism but was inspired to help others and persevere. William "Bill" Drayton founded Ashoka to support social entrepreneurs worldwide through funding and resources. He sacrificed his career and money to start the organization and promote social entrepreneurship. Both social entrepreneurs showed perseverance in helping communities despite challenges.

1. CITIZENSHIP
STAGE II
D O N E B Y G R O U P 9
T O B I A S L E E , C A L E B S O O N , TA N Z H U O X U A N
A N D A A R O N C H I A M

2. POVERTY:
WHAT IS POVERTY?
• Is defined as the state of being extremely poor
• It is a multifaceted concept, which includes social, economic, and political elements.
• An estimate by the World Bank says that 7.02 million people currently live in poverty.
• given the current economic model, built on GDP it would take 100 years to bring the world's
poorest up to the previous poverty line of $1.25 a day
• Negatively affects a person’s state of health, education, personality, etc.

3. SOCIAL ENTREPRENEUR NO.1:
AKHTAR HAMEED KHAN – ORANGI PILOT PROJECT
• Background of Akhtar Hameed Khan:
• Born in Agra, Pakistan, in 1914 and died in 1999
• Promoted participatory rural development in Pakistan and other developing countries, and
widely advocated community participation in development
• Took part in many of these programmes to develop rural villages, with the help of the local
community
• Won the Ramon Magsaysay Award from the Philippines and an honorary doctorate of Law from
Michigan State University for his work in his first project, the Comilla Model
• Most well-known for his work in the Orangi Pilot Project

4. SOCIAL ENTREPRENEUR NO.1:
AKHTAR HAMEED KHAN–ORANGI PILOT PROJECT
• Orangi Pilot Project:
• collectively designates three Pakistani Non-governmental organisations working together,
having emerged from a socially innovative project carried out in 1980s in the squatter areas
of Orangi Town, Karachi, Pakistan
• Initiated by Akhtar Hameed Khan, and involved the local residents solving their own problems
• Innovative methods were used to provide adequate low cost sanitation, health, housing and
micro-finance facilities.

5. SOCIAL ENTREPRENEUR NO.1:
AKHTAR HAMEED KHAN–ORANGI PILOT PROJECT
• Challenges faced by Akhtar Hameed Khan:
• Funding – He had to pay the start-up costs out of his own pocket since the project did not
qualify for government financial support.
• Social – his liberal views and help initiatives were questioned and criticised by many groups
who cared for self-profit.
• Religious – He was accused of blasphemy by some, but was cleared by the court of law as well
as independent religious scholars.

6. SOCIAL ENTREPRENEUR NO.1:
AKHTAR HAMEED KHAN–ORANGI PILOT PROJECT
• Lessons:
• Inspired us to put others before ourselves and sacrifice more of our possessions to begin
providing for others by giving them a better place to live in
• Inspired us to try to become a better person who is as selfless as him, willing to give up our
personal comfort to help the needy and able to persevere on with our ideals
• Inspired us to persevere on regardless of the challenges you might face

7. SOCIAL ENTREPRENEUR NO.2:
WILLIAM “BILL” DRAYTON – ASHOKA: INNOVATORS FOR
THE PUBLIC
• Background:
• Born in 1943, New York City, America
• named by U.S. News & World Report as one of America's 25 Best Leaders in 2005
• responsible for the rise of the phrase "social entrepreneur“
• founder and current chair of Ashoka: Innovators for the Public, a 501(c)(3)
organisation dedicated to finding and fostering social entrepreneurs worldwide
• also chairs two other 501(c)(3) organizations, which are Youth Venture and Get America
Working!

8. SOCIAL ENTREPRENEUR NO.2:
WILLIAM “BILL” DRAYTON – ASHOKA: INNOVATORS
FOR THE PUBLIC
• Ashoka: Innovators for the Public
• an international organization that promotes social entrepreneurship by affiliating individual
social entrepreneurs into the Ashoka organization
• identifies leading social entrepreneurs with solutions to social problems who seek to make
large-scale changes to society.
• Social entrepreneurs who pass the selection process are called Ashoka fellows. Each Ashoka
fellow receives a financial stipend that the fellow can use to pay for their personal expenses so
the fellow can fully devote the fellow's time in pursuit of the fellow's innovative social ideas.

9. SOCIAL ENTREPRENEUR NO.2:
WILLIAM “BILL” DRAYTON – ASHOKA: INNOVATORS
FOR THE PUBLIC
• Challenges faced by William “Bill” Drayton:
• Career – Gave up his career, which included being a manager and management consultant, and
serving as a visiting Professor at Harvard University and Stanford University to start Ashoka
• Financial – He has sacrificed a lot of his own money into the running of his various
organisations

10. SOCIAL ENTREPRENEUR NO.2:
WILLIAM “BILL” DRAYTON – ASHOKA: INNOVATORS
FOR THE PUBLIC
• Lessons:
• Inspired us to believe that people do not need to be rich to make a difference
• Inspired us to think large-scale (setting up an organisation to fund social entreprenuers rather
than donating to each one individually)