3. Empirical test is based on experiments
on practical experience & not on ideas.
As Ex. Past data of any firm or
company.
It is generally evaluated by computer
simulations. The test is statistical
evaluation.
4. In 1900, a French mathematician named Louis
bachelier wrote a paper suggestion that security
price fluctuation where random.
In 1953, Maurice Kendall in his paper reported
stock price series is wondering one they
appeared to be random each successive changes
is independent of previous one.
In 1970, fama stated that efficient market fully
reflect the available information.
If markets are efficient security price reflect
normal return for their level of risk.
Fama suggested that efficient market hypothesis
in 3 categories they are weak form the semi-
strong form and strong form,
5. 1) Weak walk
2) Semi-strong walk
3) Strong walk
6. Current price reflect all information in the
past prices and traded volume.
In weak efficient market short term traders
may earn a positive return.
There are two rules in weak walk-
◦ 1) filter rule
◦ 2) run test
7. Efficient market hypothesis stats that the
security price adjust rapidly to all publically
available information.
The price reflect the past price data, the
available information regarding earning of the
corporate, dividend, bond issue, right issue,
merger, acquisition And so on.
Investor can earn profit on a short run price.
8. Strong walk is fully reflected on
security price.
Represent and extreme hypothesis
which most observe do not except to
be literally true.
9. Technical analysis is the way by which we
predict trend in price.
We can predict the price by two method-
◦ Exponential smoothening
◦ Trend analysis
10. A method of evaluating that in tails
attempting to measure it`s intrinsic value by
examining related economic financial other
qualitative and quantitative factors.
Study every thing that can affect the
securities value`s including macro economic
factor and company specific factor.
11. Produce the value that an investor
can compare with the security
price, current price, with the aim
of figuring out what short of
position to take with the security.