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1 
GGEEOORRGGIIAANN EEXXPPEERRIIEENNCCEE –– 
aanndd SSttrraatteeggyy ffoorr FFuuttuurree 
DDAAVVIIDD NNAAKKAANNII 
EEnnvviirroonnmmeennttaall PPoolllluuttiioonn CCoonnttrrooll PPrrooggrraamm 
DDAARREEJJAANN KKAAPPAANNAADDZZEE 
WWoorrlldd BBaannkk OOffffiiccee TTbbiilliissii 
GGeeoorrggiiaa
SSttrruuccttuurree ooff PPrreesseennttaattiioonn:: 
 BBaacckkggrroouunndd 
 PPrroojjeecctt oobbjjeeccttiivveess 
 PPrroojjeecctt iimmpplleemmeennttaattiioonn 
 CChhaalllleennggeess ffaacceedd 
 SSuucccceessssffuull ssoolluuttiioonnss 
 OOuuttppuuttss aanndd iimmppaacctt 
 CCoonncclluussiioonnss aanndd ffuuttuurree ppeerrssppeeccttiivveess 
2
3 
BBaacckkggrroouunndd 
 MMaaiinn bbuurrnniinngg iissssuuee -- ssooiill eerroossiioonn 
 PPoolllluuttiioonn ooff rriivveerrss ddrraaiinniinngg iinnttoo tthhee BBllaacckk SSeeaa 
 HHeeaavvyy uussee ooff ppeessttiicciiddeess aanndd ffeerrttiilliizzeerrss 
 WWeeaakk eennvviirroonnmmeennttaall rreegguullaattiioonnss
BBaacckkggrroouunndd ccoonnttiinnuueedd 
 NNoo33 -- NN ccoonncceennttrraattiioonnss iinn rriivveerr wwaatteerrss aarree sseevveerraall 
ttiimmeess hhiigghheerr tthhaann EEUU wwaatteerr qquuaalliittyy ssttaannddaarrddss 
 HHiigghheerr cchheemmiiccaall ccoonncceennttrraattiioonn iinn ffrruuiittss aanndd 
vveeggeettaabblleess lliimmiittss eexxppoorrttss ttoo EECC mmaarrkkeettss 
 FFaarrmmeerrss llaacckk sskkiillllss ttoo aaddoopptt mmooddeerrnn ffaarrmmiinngg mmeetthhooddss 
tthhaatt aarree eennvviirroonnmmeennttaallllyy ssoouunndd 
 DDeessttrruuccttiioonn ooff bbiioo--ddiivveerrssiittyy ((fflloorraa aanndd ffaauunnaa)) 
 DDeeffoorreessttaattiioonn ffoorr llaacckk ooff ffoossssiill ffuueellss 
4
EEnnvviirroonnmmeenntt PPoolllluuttiioonn CCoonnttrrooll PPrrooggrraamm 
 PPrreeppaarraattiioonn ssttaaggee:: 11999999 –– 22000011 
TTeecchhnnoollooggiieess//bbeesstt pprraaccttiicceess sseelleecctteedd ffoorr eexxtteennssiioonn:: 
 IImmpprroovveedd ssttoorraaggee,, hhaannddlliinngg aanndd uuttiilliizzaattiioonn ooff aanniimmaall wwaassttee 
 RReeccoovveerryy ooff ddeeggrraaddeedd ssooiillss aanndd ssuussttaaiinnaabbllee llaanndd ccuullttiivvaattiioonn 
 EEnnvviirroonnmmeenntt ffrriieennddllyy pprrootteeccttiioonn ooff ccrrooppss aanndd iinnccrreeaassee ooff pprroodduuccttiivviittyy 
 MMoonniittoorriinngg qquuaalliittyy ooff wwaatteerr aanndd ssooiill 
5 
 IImmpplleemmeennttaattiioonn ssttaaggee:: 22000022--22000066 
 DDeemmoonnssttrraattiioonn aanndd aaccqquuiissiittiioonn ooff tthhee sseelleecctteedd tteecchhnnoollooggiieess 
 AAsssseessssiinngg tthheeiirr eeffffiicciieennccyy,, iimmppaacctt aanndd ssuussttaaiinnaabbiilliittyy
6 
OObbjjeeccttiivveess 
 Promote efficient practices of on-farm nutrient 
management in the selected watersheds to reduce river 
water pollution and meet requirements of the EU Nitrate 
and Clean Water Directives 
 Demonstrate and disseminate use of bio-gas digesters to 
reduce household demand for firewood and cut 
methane emissions into the atmosphere 
 Carry out adaptive research, on-farm testing and 
extension of the advanced farming practices that improve 
productivity and decrease environmental damage
7 
CChhaalllleennggeess FFaacceedd 
 Choosing watersheds adequate for Program 
implementation and farmer education 
 Picking farmers for adoption of environment friendly 
agricultural practices 
 Selecting appropriate technologies/practices for 
pollution control 
 Optimizing bio-gas digester design to achieve good 
performance throughout all seasons 
 Operating in a setting with poor rural economy and weak 
infrastructure
8 
SSuucccceessssffuull SSoolluuttiioonnss 
 CCoonnttrroolllliinngg ssooiill eerroossiioonn –– 
tteerrrraacciinngg,, ccoonnttoouurriinngg,, bbuuffffeerr ssttrriippss,, rreedduucceess ttiillllaaggee,, ccrroopp rroottaattiioonn 
 RReedduucciinngg tthhee ffllooww ooff mmaannuurree aanndd cchheemmiiccaallss ttoo 
rriivveerr wwaatteerrss –– 
mmaannuurree ssttoorraaggee ffaacciilliittiieess,, bbiioo--ggaass ddiiggeesstteerrss,, uussee ooff mmaannuurree aass 
ffeerrttiilliizzeerr aanndd nnuuttrriieenntt mmaannaaggeemmeenntt 
 MMiinniimmiizziinngg tthhee uussee ooff ppeessttiicciiddeess –– 
llaayyiinngg bbaassiiss ffoorr tthhee ddeevveellooppmmeenntt ooff oorrggaanniicc ffaarrmmiinngg 
 MMoonniittoorriinngg rriivveerr aanndd ggrroouunndd wwaatteerr qquuaalliittyy aanndd 
aasssseessssiinngg iimmppaacctt ooff tthhee aaddoopptteedd pprraaccttiicceess
9
22000022--22000044 OOuuttppuuttss aanndd IImmppaacctt 
 Bio-gas digesters installed at 120 farms 
 Manure storage facilities arranged at 310 farms 
 Good agricultural practices adopted in 279 farms 
 Individual nutrient management plans developed for 
220 farmers 
 Training in good management practices delivered to 
2500 farmers 
 Comprehensive water monitoring program put in place 
for three watersheds 
In three years the Ochkhomuri river water quality 
improved significantly to meet EU nitrate standard 
10
11 
CCoonncclluussiioonnss 
 Focusing agricultural research on farmers’ needs and 
adapting it to the real rural life setting is a single 
window of opportunity for the national agricultural 
knowledge system 
 Extension of advanced technologies to the subsistence, 
small and medium farmers is a challenging task, taking 
time and resources for demonstrating, carrying out 
participatory trails and building awareness 
 Making tangible change in the quality of environment 
proved possible through concentration of external and 
local resources within a focus area 
 Strong economic incentives are only viable tools for 
sustaining the present positive trend as well as for 
exporting it beyond the pilot area
12 
CChhaalllleennggeess 
ffoorr SSccaalliinngg uupp EEPPCC PPrrooggrraamm 
 Agricultural non-point sources of pollution have 
significant impact on water quality at present, with a 
potential to increase in future 
 Majority of Georgian farmers do not use environment 
friendly technologies and are unaware of damage to 
public health and environment made by their current 
farming practices 
 Georgia lacks adequate environmental regulations and 
economic policies to achieve compliance with EU 
Nitrate and Clean Water Directives
13 
SSttrraatteeggyy ffoorr FFuuttuurree 
Facilitate compliance with the obligations of EU 
membership 
 DDeevveelloopp aaddeeqquuaattee eennvviirroonnmmeennttaall rreegguullaattiioonnss aanndd ccrreeaattee 
eeccoonnoommiicc iinncceennttiivveess 
 SSeett uupp aa vviiaabbllee eexxtteennssiioonn ssyysstteemm ttoo rreejjuuvveennaattee rruurraall 
eeccoonnoommyy aanndd ddeevveelloopp eexxppoorrtt ooppppoorrttuunniittiieess 
 EEssttaabblliisshh aa rreelliiaabbllee aanndd aaffffoorrddaabbllee lloonngg--tteerrmm wwaatteerr qquuaalliittyy 
mmoonniittoorriinngg pprrooggrraamm 
 SSeeeekk ooppppoorrttuunniittiieess ffoorr rreecceeiivviinngg ssuuppppoorrtt ffrroomm GGEEFF,, EEUU,, 
MMCCGG,, bbiillaatteerraall ddoonnoorrss aanndd ootthheerr ssoouurrcceess iinn ccaarrrryyiinngg oonn tthhee 
ssuucccceessssffuullllyy ppiillootteedd aaccttiivviittiieess
14 
TThhaannkk YYoouu

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Georgian Experience —and Strategy for Future

  • 1. 1 GGEEOORRGGIIAANN EEXXPPEERRIIEENNCCEE –– aanndd SSttrraatteeggyy ffoorr FFuuttuurree DDAAVVIIDD NNAAKKAANNII EEnnvviirroonnmmeennttaall PPoolllluuttiioonn CCoonnttrrooll PPrrooggrraamm DDAARREEJJAANN KKAAPPAANNAADDZZEE WWoorrlldd BBaannkk OOffffiiccee TTbbiilliissii GGeeoorrggiiaa
  • 2. SSttrruuccttuurree ooff PPrreesseennttaattiioonn::  BBaacckkggrroouunndd  PPrroojjeecctt oobbjjeeccttiivveess  PPrroojjeecctt iimmpplleemmeennttaattiioonn  CChhaalllleennggeess ffaacceedd  SSuucccceessssffuull ssoolluuttiioonnss  OOuuttppuuttss aanndd iimmppaacctt  CCoonncclluussiioonnss aanndd ffuuttuurree ppeerrssppeeccttiivveess 2
  • 3. 3 BBaacckkggrroouunndd  MMaaiinn bbuurrnniinngg iissssuuee -- ssooiill eerroossiioonn  PPoolllluuttiioonn ooff rriivveerrss ddrraaiinniinngg iinnttoo tthhee BBllaacckk SSeeaa  HHeeaavvyy uussee ooff ppeessttiicciiddeess aanndd ffeerrttiilliizzeerrss  WWeeaakk eennvviirroonnmmeennttaall rreegguullaattiioonnss
  • 4. BBaacckkggrroouunndd ccoonnttiinnuueedd  NNoo33 -- NN ccoonncceennttrraattiioonnss iinn rriivveerr wwaatteerrss aarree sseevveerraall ttiimmeess hhiigghheerr tthhaann EEUU wwaatteerr qquuaalliittyy ssttaannddaarrddss  HHiigghheerr cchheemmiiccaall ccoonncceennttrraattiioonn iinn ffrruuiittss aanndd vveeggeettaabblleess lliimmiittss eexxppoorrttss ttoo EECC mmaarrkkeettss  FFaarrmmeerrss llaacckk sskkiillllss ttoo aaddoopptt mmooddeerrnn ffaarrmmiinngg mmeetthhooddss tthhaatt aarree eennvviirroonnmmeennttaallllyy ssoouunndd  DDeessttrruuccttiioonn ooff bbiioo--ddiivveerrssiittyy ((fflloorraa aanndd ffaauunnaa))  DDeeffoorreessttaattiioonn ffoorr llaacckk ooff ffoossssiill ffuueellss 4
  • 5. EEnnvviirroonnmmeenntt PPoolllluuttiioonn CCoonnttrrooll PPrrooggrraamm  PPrreeppaarraattiioonn ssttaaggee:: 11999999 –– 22000011 TTeecchhnnoollooggiieess//bbeesstt pprraaccttiicceess sseelleecctteedd ffoorr eexxtteennssiioonn::  IImmpprroovveedd ssttoorraaggee,, hhaannddlliinngg aanndd uuttiilliizzaattiioonn ooff aanniimmaall wwaassttee  RReeccoovveerryy ooff ddeeggrraaddeedd ssooiillss aanndd ssuussttaaiinnaabbllee llaanndd ccuullttiivvaattiioonn  EEnnvviirroonnmmeenntt ffrriieennddllyy pprrootteeccttiioonn ooff ccrrooppss aanndd iinnccrreeaassee ooff pprroodduuccttiivviittyy  MMoonniittoorriinngg qquuaalliittyy ooff wwaatteerr aanndd ssooiill 5  IImmpplleemmeennttaattiioonn ssttaaggee:: 22000022--22000066  DDeemmoonnssttrraattiioonn aanndd aaccqquuiissiittiioonn ooff tthhee sseelleecctteedd tteecchhnnoollooggiieess  AAsssseessssiinngg tthheeiirr eeffffiicciieennccyy,, iimmppaacctt aanndd ssuussttaaiinnaabbiilliittyy
  • 6. 6 OObbjjeeccttiivveess  Promote efficient practices of on-farm nutrient management in the selected watersheds to reduce river water pollution and meet requirements of the EU Nitrate and Clean Water Directives  Demonstrate and disseminate use of bio-gas digesters to reduce household demand for firewood and cut methane emissions into the atmosphere  Carry out adaptive research, on-farm testing and extension of the advanced farming practices that improve productivity and decrease environmental damage
  • 7. 7 CChhaalllleennggeess FFaacceedd  Choosing watersheds adequate for Program implementation and farmer education  Picking farmers for adoption of environment friendly agricultural practices  Selecting appropriate technologies/practices for pollution control  Optimizing bio-gas digester design to achieve good performance throughout all seasons  Operating in a setting with poor rural economy and weak infrastructure
  • 8. 8 SSuucccceessssffuull SSoolluuttiioonnss  CCoonnttrroolllliinngg ssooiill eerroossiioonn –– tteerrrraacciinngg,, ccoonnttoouurriinngg,, bbuuffffeerr ssttrriippss,, rreedduucceess ttiillllaaggee,, ccrroopp rroottaattiioonn  RReedduucciinngg tthhee ffllooww ooff mmaannuurree aanndd cchheemmiiccaallss ttoo rriivveerr wwaatteerrss –– mmaannuurree ssttoorraaggee ffaacciilliittiieess,, bbiioo--ggaass ddiiggeesstteerrss,, uussee ooff mmaannuurree aass ffeerrttiilliizzeerr aanndd nnuuttrriieenntt mmaannaaggeemmeenntt  MMiinniimmiizziinngg tthhee uussee ooff ppeessttiicciiddeess –– llaayyiinngg bbaassiiss ffoorr tthhee ddeevveellooppmmeenntt ooff oorrggaanniicc ffaarrmmiinngg  MMoonniittoorriinngg rriivveerr aanndd ggrroouunndd wwaatteerr qquuaalliittyy aanndd aasssseessssiinngg iimmppaacctt ooff tthhee aaddoopptteedd pprraaccttiicceess
  • 9. 9
  • 10. 22000022--22000044 OOuuttppuuttss aanndd IImmppaacctt  Bio-gas digesters installed at 120 farms  Manure storage facilities arranged at 310 farms  Good agricultural practices adopted in 279 farms  Individual nutrient management plans developed for 220 farmers  Training in good management practices delivered to 2500 farmers  Comprehensive water monitoring program put in place for three watersheds In three years the Ochkhomuri river water quality improved significantly to meet EU nitrate standard 10
  • 11. 11 CCoonncclluussiioonnss  Focusing agricultural research on farmers’ needs and adapting it to the real rural life setting is a single window of opportunity for the national agricultural knowledge system  Extension of advanced technologies to the subsistence, small and medium farmers is a challenging task, taking time and resources for demonstrating, carrying out participatory trails and building awareness  Making tangible change in the quality of environment proved possible through concentration of external and local resources within a focus area  Strong economic incentives are only viable tools for sustaining the present positive trend as well as for exporting it beyond the pilot area
  • 12. 12 CChhaalllleennggeess ffoorr SSccaalliinngg uupp EEPPCC PPrrooggrraamm  Agricultural non-point sources of pollution have significant impact on water quality at present, with a potential to increase in future  Majority of Georgian farmers do not use environment friendly technologies and are unaware of damage to public health and environment made by their current farming practices  Georgia lacks adequate environmental regulations and economic policies to achieve compliance with EU Nitrate and Clean Water Directives
  • 13. 13 SSttrraatteeggyy ffoorr FFuuttuurree Facilitate compliance with the obligations of EU membership  DDeevveelloopp aaddeeqquuaattee eennvviirroonnmmeennttaall rreegguullaattiioonnss aanndd ccrreeaattee eeccoonnoommiicc iinncceennttiivveess  SSeett uupp aa vviiaabbllee eexxtteennssiioonn ssyysstteemm ttoo rreejjuuvveennaattee rruurraall eeccoonnoommyy aanndd ddeevveelloopp eexxppoorrtt ooppppoorrttuunniittiieess  EEssttaabblliisshh aa rreelliiaabbllee aanndd aaffffoorrddaabbllee lloonngg--tteerrmm wwaatteerr qquuaalliittyy mmoonniittoorriinngg pprrooggrraamm  SSeeeekk ooppppoorrttuunniittiieess ffoorr rreecceeiivviinngg ssuuppppoorrtt ffrroomm GGEEFF,, EEUU,, MMCCGG,, bbiillaatteerraall ddoonnoorrss aanndd ootthheerr ssoouurrcceess iinn ccaarrrryyiinngg oonn tthhee ssuucccceessssffuullllyy ppiillootteedd aaccttiivviittiieess